Mefuta e fetang 300 - lena ke lenane le kenyeletsang linonyana tsohle tsa sebaka sa Krasnodar, 'me karolo ea bohlano ea tsona e kenyelelitsoe Bukeng e khubelu ea lehae.
Likarolo tsa liphoofolo le boemo ba leholimo
Krasnodar Territory, e otlollang ka boroa-bophirima ho North Caucasus, hangata e bitsoa Kuban, kamora noka e kholo e nang le melatsoana e mengata ea leqele. Noka e arola sebaka seo se neng se lula lik'hilomithara tse likete tse 75,5, likarolo tse 2 - boroa (thaba / thaba) le leboea (thota).
Letša la Abrau, le leholo ka ho fetisisa North Caucasus, matša a manyenyane a karst, hammoho le matša a leoatle, a atileng lebopong la Leoatle la Azov le Hloahloeng ea Taman, a eketsoa linokeng tse ngata tse nyane. Ho phaella moo, Leoatle la Azov le fafatsa ka leboea-bophirima ho sebaka seo, le Leoatle le Letšo ka boroa-bophirima. Ho na le lithaba tse fetang 30 tse foqohang seretse se chesang se seng se hloahloa hloahloeng.
Phomolo ea Hloahloeng ea Taman e nkuoa e le thata ka lebaka la ho chenchana ha mabalane le mabopo a bophirima a Great Caucasus, likou tsa leoatle, mabopo a linoka le matša a delta. Ka kakaretso, lithota li ikarabella bakeng sa 2/3 ea sebaka sa sebaka seo.
Boemo ba leholimo mona ke k'honthinente e futhumetseng haholo, e fetoha Leoatle la Mediterranean le ommeng lebopong ho tloha Anapa ho ea Tuapse, le sebakeng se chesang se mongobo - ka boroa ho Tuapse.
Boemo ba leholimo bo phahameng ba leholimo bo khetholloa lithabeng. Boemo ba leholimo bo fetoha haholo ho pholletsa le selemo: ho fetoha hoa mocheso ho tloaelehile, ho kenyelletsa nako e telele, linako tsa selemo le khoeli le khoeli. Sebaka sa Krasnodar se khetholloa ka mariha a futhumetseng le lehlabula le chesang, le hohelang liphoofolo tse ngata tse ratang mocheso, ho kenyeletsoa le linonyana.
Linonyana tsa meru
Meru e koahela lihekthere tse ka bang limilione tse 1.5, tse lekana le 22.4% ea sebaka sa sebaka seo. Li-hardwoods (oak le beech) li teng haholo Kuban - ho feta 85%, ha li-conifers li ikarabella ka tlase ho 5%. Linonyana tsa meru li lula merung e nang le makhasi a maholo le a lithaba tse lefifi tse nang le sefate sa phaene le sefate sa morara.
Caucasian grouse e ntšo
Nonyana ea thaba e lulang sebakeng sa marulelo sa Caucasus (ho fihlela 2.2 km ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle) mme e khetha ho haha sehlaheng sa moru, lihlahleng tse teteaneng tse holang haholo. Caucasian grouse e nyane e nyane ho feta grouse e tloaelehileng: tse tona li na le masiba a lefifi, a batšo hoo e ka bang moeli o mosoeu ka tlase ho mapheo le masiba a mohatla a kobehileng ntlheng. Tse tshehadi di fifetse ho feta tse tona, di hohela ebile di na le mmala o phatsimang.
Mmala o sireletsang o thusa ho ipata ho lira - grouse e ntšo e fofa ka lesisitheho, ho bonolo ho eena ho ema kantle, a ipatile hara lihlahla.
Lijo li laoloa ke limela:
- linalete;
- monokotšoai oa junipere;
- li-blueberries;
- lingonberry;
- crowberry;
- dipeo tse fapaneng.
Linale li fetoha lijo tsa mantlha mariha a lehloa ha limela tse ling li sa fumanehe. Likokoanyana li tsongoa ke linonyana hlabula ho fepa litsuonyana tsa tsona.
Ntsu ea khauta
Nonyana e ikhohomosang e tsoang lelapeng la li-hawk, e ikhethelang meru e behang lihlaha tse mafika a mafika, moo ho leng thata ho bahlaseli ba mobu ho fihla teng. Lintsu tsa khauta li lula libakeng tse ling ebile li lula feela, li latela libaka tsa tsona, moo li ahang lihlaha le ho tsoma.
Ntsu ya kgauta e na le masiba a lefifi, a bosootho bo sootho, empa masiba a kgauta a bonahala mokokotlong wa hlooho. Tse nyane di na le masiba a masweu botlaaseng ba mohatla le ka tlasa mapheo (mmala o a fifala ha di hola). Li-fenders tse pharaletseng li etselitsoe ho hover / ho tsamaisa le ho fihlela 2m ka nako.
Lenaneo la ntsu la khauta ha le na feela papali e sa tsoa tšoasoa (litoeba tse nyane, matata le likhoho), empa hape le tse bolaeang.
Ntsu e 'mala oa khauta e khetholloa e le sebata se ka sehloohong se se nang sera ho hang. Tse ling tse jang nama ha li tsome linonyana tse seng li le baholo, 'me lihlaha tsa lintsu tsa gauda li patiloe holimo le ka tšireletseho.
Ntsu e nyane
E na le sehlooho se sa boleloang sa ntsu e nyane ka ho fetesisa polaneteng, e hola hanyane ho feta khaete e nang le boima ba lik'hilograma tse 1-3, mme tse tona li batla li le kholo ho feta tse tšehali. E haha lihlaha merung e teteaneng le merung, moo, ka lebaka la ho kopana ha eona, e tsamaeang habonolo lipakeng tsa makala. Ho latela molumo o atileng oa masiba (a bobebe kapa a lefifi), e arotsoe ka mefuta e 2.
Ntsu e tona e na le maoto a matla, a masiba a felletseng a nang le manala a kobehileng le molomo o tiileng, eo e tsomang ka eona. Lenaneng la liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo ho na le liphoofolo tse anyesang, linonyana le lihahabi:
- hares le gopher;
- litoeba tse nyane;
- larks le linaleli;
- linonyana tse ntšo le lirobele;
- maebana-khoroana le poone ea poone;
- litsuonyana le mahe a linonyana;
- mekholutsoane le linoha;
- likokoanyana, tse kang bohloa (nakong ea mariha).
Ha e qoela noha e chefo, ntsu ee bolaea ka ho e otla hloohong ka molomo oa eona, empa ka linako tse ling eona ka boeona e shoa ka ho longoa kapa ea foufala.
Linonyana tsa steppe
Lepato la Krasnodar Territory le namela lithabeng tsa Greater Caucasus le lebopong la Leoatle le Letšo, e ka boroa ho Anapa. Linonyana tse ngata tsa libaka tse bulehileng li kenyelelitsoe Bukeng e Khubelu ea Kuban.
Bustard
Moemeli enoa oa lelapa la bustard ka boithatelo o lula libakeng tsa boroetsana, masabasabeng le mahoatateng a mahoatata, a sa utloe bohloko haholo ke khaello ea mongobo nakong ea komello. Bustard e nyane e boholo ba kgoho e tloaelehileng, empa e na le mmala o khahlisang haholo, haholo ha e fihla ho e tona nakong ea ho ikatisa - mapheo a fapaneng a sootho (kaholimo), sefuba se bobebe / tlase le molala o molelele o khabisitsoeng ka "lifaha" tse ntšo le tse tšoeu.
Sebakeng sa lebopo la Leoatle le Letšo, li-bustard tse nyane li hlaha bohareng ba Mmesa 'me li theha lipara, li behela mahe a 3-4, ao litsuonyana li qhotsoang ho ona kamora libeke tse tharo.
Tse thahasellisang. Nonyane ya sesadi e nnyane gantši e hwa ka fase ga maotwana a diterekere gomme e a kopana, ka ge e dutše ka ntle le boithati godimo ga clutch, e šireletša bana.
Khetho ea lijo tsa li-bustard tse nyane e lekantsoe ke likokoanyana le limela (letlobo, peo le metso). Ho fallisoa ha linonyana mariha ho qala qetellong ea Loetse, ho fela bohareng ba Pulungoana.
Noha
E boetse e tsejoa e le ntsu ea noha. O sebetsana le batho ba hlokolosi haholo, ba tšabang ebile ha ba tšepe. Ka boroa, e lula merung le libakeng tse bulehileng tse ommeng, moo ho nang le lifate ka bomong tse loketseng sehlaha. Kholo ea ba jang linoha ha e fete 0.7 m ka mapheo a bolelele ba limithara tse 1.6-1.9. Tse tona le tse tšehali li mebala e ts'oanang, empa tsa pele hangata li nyane ho feta tsa morao.
Lebitso la mofuta ona le bua ka phofu eo e e ratang haholo, empa hammoho le linoha, sebaki se tsoma lihahabi tse ling le liphoofolo tse phelang metsing, hammoho le liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nyane le linonyana tsa naha.
Ha ho bonolo ho noha ho fepa bana. Tsuonyana ka boeona e hula noha e batlileng e koenngoa ke motsoali molaleng oa eona ka mohatla. Nako ea ts'ebetso e latela bolelele ba noha. Ha phofu e otlollotsoe, ho koenya hoa eona ho qala (ho tloha hloohong), ho nka halofo ea hora le ho feta.
Kestrel ea steppe
Phoofolo e nyane e lekanang leeba ea lelapa la phakoe. E shebahala joalo ka lesela le tloaelehileng, empa e tlase ho eona ka boholo, hape e fapana ka sebopeho sa lepheo, sebopeho sa mohatla le lintlha tsa masiba.
Libakeng tsa lihlaha, steppe kestrel e lerata haholo: boleng bona bo eketseha makhetlo a mangata nakong ea ho nyalanya le ha litsuonyana li tlohile. Lenane la linonyana le kenyelletsa liphoofolo tse fapaneng (tse nang le likokoanyana tsa orthoptera):
- litsie le linoha;
- marutle le lilakane;
- libere le bo-maleshoane;
- li-centipedes le liphepheng;
- litoeba tse nyane (nakong ea selemo);
- lihahabi tse nyenyane;
- bohlwa, diboko tsa Afrika (mariha).
Hangata e tsoma lipakana, e fofa tlase lehoatateng. O tshwara tsie ka tsie, e matha fatshe. Ka linako tse ling ho khora ho fetoha bonyollo, ha molumo oa engole e kena-kenana le ho tloha kapele.
Linonyana tsa mabopo
Sehlopha sena sa linonyana se ile sa lula mabopong a Kuban le melatsoana ea sona ea leqele (Laba, Urup, Belaya le tse ling), letamong la Krasnodar, hammoho le Leoatleng le Letšo le mabopong a Azov (le linoka tsa tsona tse nyane). Mefuta e meng e hapile libaka tse mabopong a leoatle a linoka tsa leoatle, matša a karst le hoo e ka bang. Abrau.
Spoonbill
Nonyana e fallang ea lelapa la mokholutsoane, e batla e tšoana le kholumolumo, empa e khahleha ho feta eona. Karolo e tsebahalang haholo ke molomo o sephara o sephara, o atolositsoeng ho isa qetellong. Spoonbill e koahetsoe ka botlalo ke masiba a masoeu, khahlano le semelo sa eona maoto a malelele a matsho le molomo o motšo o hlahelle. Nakong ea nako ea ho tlolelana ha linonyana, linonyana li ba le molamu o itseng: ho tse tšehali e khuts'oane ho feta e tona.
Spoonbill e ja li-annelids, liboko tsa likokoanyana, li-crustaceans, lihoho, litlhapi tsa tlhapi, ka linako tse ling li fetohela limela tsa metsing. O khetha mofero oa lehlaka haufi le matša bakeng sa bolulo, hangata e le meru ea moluoane. Sehlaha se likolone, hangata se bapileng le mefuta e meng, mohlala, ibis kapa heron.
Bohobe
Ke ea lelapa la ibis. E khetha ho sesa haufi le libaka tse hloekileng le tse nang le letsoai le lenyenyane, metsi le mekhoabo, hammoho le metsing a sa tebang le makhulong a likhohola. Bohobe bona bo lula likoloneng tse kholo le linonyana tse kang li-pelican, likhaba tsa khaba le likokolofitoe. Ba hlola bosiu difateng.
Ke nonyana e boholo bo mahareng e nang le masiba a bosootho bo hlakileng, e tlositsoeng ke 'mala o botala / bopherese mohatleng le mapheong. Tse tona li kholo ho feta tse tšehali 'me li roesoa moqhaka o hlakileng.
Bohobe bo batla liphoofolo tse se nang lesapo la mokokotlo tsa metsing (leeches, likokoanyana le liboko), nako le nako li ja litlhapi tse nyane le amphibians. Dihlaha tsa podi ya bebe li senngoa ke likhohlo tsa mokhoabo le makhoaba a koahetsoeng ka mahlo, likhoele tse ngata li senngoa ke likhohola, moea o matla le ha lehlaka / lehlaka le chesoa.
Osprey
Ke karolo ea tatellano e kang ea hawk mme e fumaneha maemong a mabeli a Lefatše. E fepa ka litlhapi (99% ea lijo), ke kahoo e lulang haufi le matamo, mekhoabo, linoka le matša. Li lula libakeng tseo ho leng thata ho li fihlela bakeng sa liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo - lihlekehlekeng tse nyane, ka holim'a metsi, lifateng tse ommeng, li-buoys - kae kapa kae moo ho ka khonehang ho haha sehlaha se seholo ho fihlela ho 1 m bophara le 0.7 m bophahamo.
Mokhwari o ikamahanya le litlhapi tsa lerumo. E na le nako e telele (khahlano le semelo sa linonyana tse ling tse jang nama), e hlometseng ka manonyeletso le manala a kobehileng. Monoana o kantle o shebile morao ho boloka litlhapi tse thellang li le sebakeng, 'me li-valve tsa nko li thibela metsi ho qoela.
Linonyana tsa metsing
Sebaka sa linonyana tsena se kopana le libaka tsa linonyana tse lebopong - tsena kaofela ke linoka, matša, maoatle le matamo a Krasnodar Territory. Ke metsi a bona feela a bohlokoa ebile a haufi.
Chegrava
Nonyana e kholo e tsoang lelapeng la khofu ho fihlela ho 0.6 m bolelele ka boima ba 700 g le mapheo a bolelele ba limithara tse 1.4. Lintho tse ikhethang ke molomo o mofubelu o matla, masiba a masoeu, maoto a sootho bo bosootho le mohatla o fereko hanyane. Tse tshehadi le batjha di mebala e tshwanang. Nakong ea nako ea ho ikatisa, beret e ntšo e khabisa hlooho.
'Nete. E behela mahe hang ka selemo. Clutch (mahe a 2-3) a qhotsoa ke batsoali ka bobeli ka tsela e ngoe.
Li-gegrav li theha likolone lihlekehlekeng le mabopong a leoatle a lehlabathe, 'me ha li fofa butle li otlanya mapheo a tsona (eseng joalo ka li-tern tse ling). Lijo tse ntle ka ho fetisisa ke litlhapi, empa ka linako tse ling goggle e ja likokoanyana, litoeba tse nyane, litsuonyana / mahe a linonyana tse ling.
Chomga
Ke setuloana se seholo. Nonyana ena e boholo ba letata, le molala o motle le molomo o otlolohileng, e takiloeng ka mebala e meraro - e tsoeu, e khubelu ebile e ntšo. Liaparo tsa banyalani ba grebe li tlatsitsoe ke "sefaha" se sefubelu le para ea masiba a lefifi hloohong.
Great Crested Grebe e aha dihlaha tse phaphametseng (ho tloha lehlaka le cattails) ho fihla ho 0.6 m bophara le 0.8 m bophahamo, moo tsehali li behelang mahe a 3-4. Ha e tloha sehlaheng, Greater Greater ha e lebale ho koahela clutch ka limela tsa metsing, ho e sireletsa letsatsing le tobileng le ho baeti ba kotsi.
'Mè o jara litsuonyana tse qhotsitsoeng ka mokokotlong libeke tse 2, ka linako tse ling a theohela ka metsing le tsona. Grebe e kholo ea 'mele e qoela ebe e sesa ka mokhoa o phethahetseng, e fumana lijo tsa mantlha - li-mollusk le litlhapi. E fofa hantle le ka potlako, leha ho le joalo, hafeela ho hlokahala.
Linonyana tsa Buka e khubelu
Buka ea pele ea Red Data ea Krasnodar Territory e phatlalalitsoe ka 1994, empa e ile ea fumana maemo a semmuso lilemo tse 7 feela hamorao. Khatiso ea morao-rao ea Red Data Book e sekaseka boemo ba liphoofolo tsa RF, litšokelo (tsa 'nete le tse boletsoeng esale pele) ho mefuta-futa ea eona, haholo mefuta e ahileng Kuban.
Bohlokoa. Hona joale Bukeng e Khubelu ea Setereke sa Krasnodar ho na le mefuta e fetang 450 ea limela / liphoofolo tsa lehae, ho kenyeletsoa mefuta e 56 ea linonyana tse sa tloaelehang le tse kotsing ea ho fela.
Lethathamo la tse sirelelitsoeng li kenyelletsa nkoe e bosootho bo bosoeu, letata le kobehileng, linonyana tse khubelu, pygmy cormorant, khaba ea khaba, phoofolo e tšoeu le e mosoeu, likhantsi tse khubelu, letata la letata, steppe harrier, ntsu e seseu, letata le mahlo a masoeu, ntsu ea noha, mofoli, ntsu Ntsu e bonoang, ntsu ea griffon, ntsu e ntšo, lenong le litelu , meadow le steppe tirkushki, nkoana le hlooho e ntšo, leeba la leoatle, gull, gull-billed le little tern, ntsu sephooko, lark lehong le lark e manaka, shrike e bohlooho, kinglet e hlooho e khubelu, mokalli oa lebota, lentile e kholo, sefahleho se sootho se phatsimang, lijo tsa motley tse maoto a makhuts'oane.
