Selemo se seng le se seng bothata ba khaello ea metsi a hloekileng bo ntse bo mpefala le ho feta. Bo-rasaense ba bolela esale pele hore lekholo la bo21 la lilemo le tla fetoha tlokotsi ntlheng ena, hobane ka lebaka la ho futhumala ha lefatše, ka lebaka la kholo e sa feleng ea baahi ea batho ba limilione tse 80 ka selemo, ka 2030, metsi a loketseng ho nooa a ke ke a lekana karolo ea boraro ea baahi ba lefatše. ... Ka hona, mabapi le koluoa e tlang lefatšeng ka bophara, bothata ba ho fumana mehloli e mecha ea metsi a hloekileng bo tlameha ho rarolloa joale. Kajeno, mokelikeli o loketseng ho nooa o fumanoa ka ho qhibiliha ha mobu, o qhibilihisa leqhoa le likhahla tsa lehloa litlhōrōng tsa lithaba, empa e ts'episang, leha ho le joalo, ke mokhoa oa ho tšela letsoai metsing a leoatle.
Mekhoa ea ho tlosa letsoai metsing a leoatle
Khafetsa, kilograma e le 1 ea metsi a leoatle le a leoatle, kakaretso eo lefatšeng e leng 70%, e na le ligrama tse ka bang 36 tsa matsoai a fapaneng, e leng se etsang hore e se tšoanelehe bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea batho le nosetso ea mobu oa temo. Mokhoa oa ho tlosa letsoai metsing a joalo ke hore letsoai le nang le lona le ntšoa ho lona ka mekhoa e fapaneng.
Hajoale ho sebelisoa mekhoa e latelang ea ho tšela letsoai metsing a leoatle:
- lik'hemik'hale;
- ho hlahloba motlakase;
- ultrafiltration;
- distillation;
- ho hatsela.
Video ea nyutlelie ea letsoai
Tsamaiso ea metsi a leoatle le a leoatle
Khemikhale ea letsoai - e na le karohano ea letsoai ka ho eketsa li-reagents tse thehiloeng ho barium le silevera ho metsi a letsoai. Ka ho sebetsana le letsoai lena, lintho tsena li etsa hore le se ke la qhibiliha, e leng se etsang hore ho be bonolo ho ntša likristale tsa letsoai. Mokhoa ona o sebelisoa ka seoelo haholo ka lebaka la theko ea ona e phahameng le thepa e chefo ea li-reagents.
Electrodialysis ke mokhoa oa ho hloekisa metsi ho tloha letsoai ho sebelisoa motlakase. Ho etsa sena, mokelikeli o letsoai o kenngoa mochini o khethehileng oa ts'ebetso, o arotsoe likarolo tse tharo ka likarolo tse ikhethang, tse ling tsa lisele tsena li tšoasa li-ion, 'me tse ling - li-cations. Ho tsamaea khafetsa lipakeng tsa likaroloana, metsi aa hloekisoa, 'me matsoai a tlosoa ho ona butle-butle a ntšoa ka har'a mokelikeli o khethehileng.
Ultrafiltration, kapa joalo ka ha e boetse e bitsoa, reverse osmosis, ke mokhoa oo ka oona tharollo ea letsoai e tšeloang ho e 'ngoe ea likarolo tsa setshelo se ikhethileng, se arotsoeng ke lera la anti-cellulose. Metsi a susumetsoa ke piston e matla haholo, eo ha e hatelloa e etsang hore e phunyeletse masobeng a lera, e siea likarolo tse kholo tsa letsoai phapusing ea pele. Mokhoa ona o theko e boima haholo ka hona ha o sebetse.
Ho hatsela ke mokhoa o atileng ka ho fetesisa, ho ipapisitse le taba ea hore ha metsi a letsoai a hoama, sebopeho sa pele sa leqhoa se hlaha le karolo ea sona e ncha, mme karolo e nang le letsoai ea metsi e hoama butle ho feta le maemong a batang haholo. Kamora moo, leqhoa le futhumatsoa ho fihlela likhato tse 20, le e qobella hore e qhibilihe, 'me metsi a tla be a se na matsoai. Bothata ba ho hatsela ke hore ho e fana ka eona, o hloka lisebelisoa tse ikhethileng, tse turang haholo le tsa botsebi.
Distillation, kapa kamoo e bitsoang kateng, mokhoa o futhumatsang, ke mofuta o bolokang metsi ka ho fetisisa, o nang le metsi a bonolo, ke hore, metsi a letsoai a phehiloe, 'me metsi a hloekileng a fumanoa mouoeng o pholileng.
Mathata a ho senya metsi
Bothata ba ho ntšoa ha letsoai metsing a leoatle ke, pele ho tsohle, ke litšenyehelo tse phahameng tse amanang le ts'ebetso ka boeona. Khafetsa, litšenyehelo tsa ho tlosa letsoai ka mokelikeli ha li lefe, ka hona ha li sebelisoe hangata. Hape, selemo se seng le se seng ho ba thata le ho feta ho hloekisa metsi a maoatle le a maoatle - ho thata le ho feta ho silafatsa, hobane mesaletsa ea matsoai a tsoang metsing a seng a hloekisitsoe ha e sebelisoe, empa e khutlisetsoa libakeng tsa metsi, e leng se etsang hore letsoai le kenelle ho tsona makhetlo a mangata ho feta. Ho ipapisitsoe le sena, re ka fihlela qeto ea hore moloko oa batho ha o so sebetse ho sibolla mekhoa e mecha, e sebetsang ka ho fetesisa ea ho ntša letsoai metsing a leoatle.
