Likhama tse oelang, kapa likhama tsa Europe (Dаmа dаma) ke likhama tse mahareng. Hajoale, ke mofuta o tloaelehileng haholo Europe le Asia Bophirima. Ho ka etsahala hore qalong sebaka seo se ne se lekanyelitsoe Asia feela. Leha e le hore phoofolo ke ea lelapa la likhama tsa 'nete, tšobotsi e ikhethang ea likhama tsa Europe ke likhama tsa eona tse pharalletseng le boteng ba' mala o motle oa lehlabula.
Tlhaloso ea khama e tšehali
Likhama tse oelang li kholo haholo ho feta likhama tse tšehali, empa li nyane ebile li bobebe ho feta likhama tse khubelu... Karolo ea mantlha ea li-subspecies tsa Europe ke bolelele ba phoofolo e ka bang 1,30-1.75 m, hammoho le boteng ba mohatla o sa feteng 18-20 cm. Lits'enyehelo tse kholo tsa phoofolo e holileng ka botlalo ha e pona ha e fete cm 80-105. ke lik'hilograma tse 65-110, 'me tse tšehali - tse sa feteng lik'hilograma tse 45-70.
Ponahalo
Khama e tona ea Europe e hola hanyane ho feta likhama tsa Iran (Dama mesorotamisa), 'me' mele ea tsona e fihla bolelele ba 2.0 m kapa le ho feta. Likhama tse oeleng tsa mofuta ona li khetholloa ke 'mele oa mesifa, hammoho le molala o mokhutšoane le maoto le matsoho ha li bapisoa le likhama tse khubelu. Linaka tsa likhama tse tona tsa Europe, ho fapana le mofuta oa Mesopotamia, li ka ba le sebopeho se kang sekhahla. Ka Mmesa, tse tona tsohle tsa khale tsa likhama tse tona tsa Europe li tšolla manaka a tsona, 'me manaka a sa tsoa thehoa a hlaha liphoofolong qetellong ea lehlabula feela, ho pota Phato.
Hoa thahasellisa! Haufinyane tjena, li-phenotypes tse tšoeu kapa tse ntšo ka ho felletseng tsa likhama tsa Europe tse nang le ponahalo ea mantlha ebile li khahleha li se li atile haholo.
'Mala oa likhama o sa tšoane le linako tsa selemo. Lehlabuleng, 'mala oa phoofolo karolong e kaholimo le ntlheng ea mohatla o na le bosootho bo bofubelu bo sootho bo soeufetseng, ho na le matheba a khanyang. Mebala e bobebe e teng ka tlase le maotong.
Ha mariha a qala, hlooho ea phoofolo, sebaka sa molala le litsebe tsa likhama tsa Europe li ba le 'mala o mosootho bo lefifi,' me mahlakore le mokokotlo li batla li ntšo. Ka tlase ho na le 'mala o mosootho o boputsoa.
Mokhoa oa bophelo oa Doe
Mokhoa oa eona oa bophelo, likhama tse tšehali tsa Europe li haufi le likhama tse khubelu, empa ha li na boikhethelo, ka hona li latela haholo-holo libaka tse pharaletseng tsa phaene le libaka tse bolokehileng tsa boikhathollo. Leha ho le joalo, likhama ha li na tšabo ebile li hlokolosi, 'me baemeli ba mofuta oa Doe ha ba tlase ho likhama tse khubelu ka lebelo le lebelo. Matsatsing a lehlabula, likhama tse tona tsa Europe li khetha ho lula ka thoko, kapa ka lihlopha tse nyane. Ka nako e ts'oanang, bacha ba selemo ba haufi le 'm'a bona. Nako ea ts'ebetso e kholo e oela lihoreng tse pholileng tsa hoseng le tsa shoalane, ha liphoofolo li fula kapa li tla libakeng tsa nosetso.
Hoa thahasellisa! Lintoa tsa tse tšehali nakong ea lipapali tsa likhama li bohale hoo likhama li atisang ho roba melala le ho itšehla, ka hona lira tseo ka bobeli li ka shoa.
Lihoreng tse chesang tsa motšehare, khama e tšehali e lula fatše ho phomola libetheng tse khethehileng moriting oa sehlahla kapa haufi le matamo a fapaneng, moo ho se nang menoang e mengata e tenang. Batho ba lulang libakeng tsa boikhathollo habonolo ba ba bonolo, ka hona ba bile ba khona ho nka lijo matsohong a motho. Qetellong ea hoetla, liphoofolo tse joalo li bokella mehlape e mengata e tšehali le e tona. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ho etsoa lipapali tsa likhama le machato.
Bolele ba bophelo
Khama e tšehali e phela mehleng ea khale ea khale ea khale ea linonyana e neng e lula Middle and Late Pleistocene.... Mehopolo e bonts'a hore nako e tloaelehileng ea bophelo ba likhama tsa Europe maemong a tlhaho ke: bakeng sa banna - lilemo tse ka bang leshome, le bakeng sa mosali - e seng lilemo tse fetang leshome le metso e mehlano. Ha e le botlamuoeng, phoofolo e ntle e phela habonolo bakeng sa kotara ea lekholo la lilemo kapa le ho feta.
Habitat, habitats
Tikoloho ea tlhaho ea likhama tse sa tsoa oela e akaretsa hoo e ka bang linaha tsohle tsa Europe tse kopaneng le Leoatle la Mediterranean, hammoho le leboea-bophirima ho Afrika le Egypt, Asia Minor, Lebanon le Syria le Iraq. Kgama e rata ho lula libakeng tse meru tse nang le mohloa o mongata le libaka tse bulehileng. Empa li khona ho ikamahanya hantle haholo le likarolo tse fapaneng tsa bolulo, ka hona li fumaneha le sebakeng sa sehlekehleke se Leoatleng la Leboea. Palo ea likhama tse sa tsoaneng li fapana ho latela sebaka sa libaka, empa maemong a mang e fihla ho batho ba ka bang leshome le metso e robeli.
Hoa thahasellisa! Pele ho nako ea Phetohelo ea Mphalane, likhama tse tšehali li ne li sebeletsa e le ntho ea ho tsoma batho ba nang le tokelo e fetisisang naheng ea naha ea rona, ka hona phoofolo e ne e romeloa ka mafolofolo ho tsoa Bophirima.
Ho lumeloa hore likhama li ile tsa tlisoa sebakeng sa Europe Bohareng ho tsoa libakeng tse 'maloa tse ka boroa, empa ho latela lintlha tse ngata tse ngotsoeng, pejana phoofolo e ntle le e ntle e ne e le sephara haholo - e ne e kenyelletsa Poland, Lithuania le Belovezhskaya Pushcha. Ho ea ka tlhaiso-leseling e tsoang bohareng ba lekholo le fetileng la lilemo, likhama tse hlaha li ne li lula karolong e ka boroa-bophirima ho lebopo la Leoatle la Marmara, hammoho le Spain le mabopong a boroa a Asia Minor.
Lijo tsa Europe tsa likhama
Likhama li na le liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo, 'me li ja liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo feela, tse jang lijo tse nang le makhasi a lifate le joang bo monate.... Ka linako tse ling liphoofolo tse lapileng li khona ho kha makhapetla a sefate. Nakong ea selemo, likhama tse jang masapo li ja marotholi a lehloa le corydalis, anemone, hape li ja mekotla e mecha ea rowan, maple, oak le phaene.
Lehlabula, lijo li matlafatsoa ka li-mushroom le li-acorn, li-chestnut le monokotsoai, li-sedges le lijo-thollo, limela tsa limela kapa likhele. Ho tlatsa pokello ea liminerale, likhama tse sa jeng li batla mobu o nang le letsoai le fapaneng. Batho ba etsa litsuoa tsa letsoai tsa maiketsetso, hape ba hlomella li-feeder, tse tlatsitsoeng ka lijo-thollo le furu ka qaleho ea mariha. Har'a tse ling, libakeng tse ling, likhalase tsa furu tse nang le clover, lupine, hammoho le artichoke e hōlang ka potlako ea Jerusalema le litlama tse ling li beoa ka kotloloho bakeng sa likhama.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Likhama tsa makhooa tsa Europe ha li rate ho tlohela libaka tsa tsona tse ahiloeng haholo, ka hona ha se hangata li fetelang ka nqane ho moeli oa libaka tsa tsona. Tsamaiso ea letsatsi le letsatsi ea baemeli ba mofuta ona oa liphoofolo tse anyesang le taelo ea Artiodactyls hangata e emeloa ke litsela tse ts'oanang. Har'a tse ling, liphoofolo tse tsoang lelapeng la Likhama ha li mamelle ho tsamaea ka potlako lehloeng, e leng ka lebaka la maoto a makhuts'oane le kotsi ea ho ba liphofu tse bonolo tsa liphoofolo tse li jang.
Hoa thahasellisa! Likhama tse metala li sesa hantle, empa ha li kene ka metsing ntle le tlhoko e khethehileng, 'me li khetha ho baleha liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse tloaelehileng le tse kotsi, tse emeloang ke liphiri, lynse, likolobe-moru le libere, ka mobu.
Ka lebaka la kutlo ea bona ea monko, likhama tse tona li khona ho fumana boriba le metso e jeoang tlasa sekoaelo sa lehloa, ka hona tlala ha e bake lefu la bongata ba liphoofolo tse joalo. Ho utloa ha Doe ho thata haholo, empa pono e ea fokola haholo - kotsing ea pele, moemeli ea khabane oa lelapa la likhama tsa 'nete o khona ho baleha, a tlole habonolo le litšitiso tsa limithara tse peli.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng tsa Loetse kapa qalong ea Mphalane, nako e ka sehloohong ea ho ikatisa ea likhama tsa Europe e qala. Nakong e joalo, tse tona tse holileng ka botlalo tse lilemo tse 'ne kapa tse hlano li leleka tse tona tse nyane hole le mohlape oa lelapa, kamora moo ho thehoa bao ho thoeng ke "harems". Tse tona, tse itokiselitseng ho ikatisa, li maemong a ferekaneng haholo, ka hona, mantsiboea le hoseng, hangata li ntša melumo e arohaneng, 'me hape li kenella lintoeng tse tšollang mali le lira tsa tsona.
Pejana ho tsoalo ea masea, basali ba baimana ba arohane ka botlalo le mehlape eohle ea bona. Hoo e ka bang ka Mots'eanong kapa ka Phuptjane, ho emara hoo e ka bang likhoeli tse robeli ho fela ka namane e le 'ngoe kapa tse peli. Boima ba boima ba namane e sa tsoa tsoaloa ha bo fete 3.0 kg.
Manamane a hlahileng a se a le lilemo li beke a khona ho latela 'm'a' ona ka potlako, 'me masea a khoeli le khoeli a qala ho ja joang bo bonyenyane bo botala, empa ka nako e ts'oanang ba ntse ba tsoela pele ho fepa lebese la bo-mme le matlafatsang hoo e ka bang likhoeli tse tšeletseng. Matsatsi a leshome kapa dibeke tse pedi tse qalang, e tshehadi e fula pela namane ya yona, e ipatileng morung kapa hara dihlahla tse seng telele haholo. Nakoana hamorao, e tšehali e nang le namane e holileng e ikopanya le mohlape o moholo. Leha ho le joalo, manamane a ntseng a hola ka potlako a leka ho khomarela 'm'a' ona ho fihlela nako e latelang ea namane.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Likhama tse tona tsa Europe ha li kotsing ea ho fela hajoale. Palo eohle ea mofuta ona e hakanyetsoa ho lihlooho tse ka bang likete tse makholo a mabeli, ho kenyeletsoa le baahi ba seka-hlaha ba lulang libakeng tse kholo tsa serapa, moo liphoofolo tse joalo li se nang lira tsa tlhaho.
Bohlokoa! Bakeng sa ho boloka tikoloho e felletseng, palo e itseng ea liphoofolo tse joalo e thunngoa selemo le selemo kapa e isoa sebakeng se secha.
Fora, leano le ntse le kengoa ts'ebetsong ho eketsa palo ea liphoofolo tse ntle joalo, ka hona ho thunngoa ha likhama ho laoloa. Tšokelo e kholo e sokela palo ea batho ba Turkey ba likhama tsa Europe, palo eo kaofela e leng batho ba makholo a 'maloa.... E 'ngoe ea litšobotsi tse ntle tsa batho ba sa lumelloang joalo ke ho tsilatsila ho felletseng ha batho ho nyalisoa le mofuta o mong oa likhama, e leng se tlatsetsang ho bolokeng likarolo tsa bona tse ikhethang.
