Noha e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e nang le chefo e chefo, empa hase bohle ba ka ithorisang ka lerata la mohatla le fanang ka lebitso la lona ho lelapa lena le leholo la mefuta e fetang makholo a mabeli.
Tlhaloso
Li-rattlesnake (ka kutloisiso e pharalletseng ea lentsoe) li kenyelletsa e 'ngoe ea malapa a malapeng a bo-marabe.... Litsebi tsa Herpetologists li ba khetholla e le Crotalinae, ka nako e ts'oanang ba li bitsa li-rattlesnake kapa marabe a likoti (ka lebaka la likoti tse futhumetseng tse behiloeng lipakeng tsa linko le mahlo).
Surukuku (le bona ke bo-rammasters ba tšabehang), keffiys tsa tempele, ghararacks, linonyana tsa nyalothe, linoha, urutus, linoha tsa marumo a Amerika - mefuta ena eohle e hahabang ke ea lelapa le lenyane la Crotalinae, le nang le mefuta e 21 le mefuta e 224.
E 'ngoe ea genera e jere lebitso le motlotlo Crotalus - linonyana tsa' nete. Mofuta ona o kenyelletsa mefuta e 36, ho kenyeletsoa le linonyana tse nyane tse nyane tse bolelele ba halofo ea mitha, le linonyana tsa rhombic rattlesnake (Crotalus adamanteus), tse fihlang ho 2 le halofo ea limithara. Ka tsela eo, litsebi tse ngata tsa herpetologists li nka li-rattlesnake tsa khale ebile li le ntle ka ho fetisisa.
Ponahalo ea noha
Linoha tsa li-pit-head li fapane ka boholo (ho tloha ho 0.5 m ho isa ho 3.5 m) le ka 'mala, oo hangata o nang le polychrome. Sekala se ka pentoa hoo e batlang e le mebala eohle ea mookoli - o mosoeu, o motšo, tšepe, beige, emeralde, o bofubelu-pinki, o sootho, o mosehla le ho feta. Lihahabi tsena ha se hangata li monochromatic, ha li tšabe ho bonts'a lipaterone tse rarahaneng le mebala e hohelang.
Semelo sa mantlha hangata se shebahala joalo ka ho lohellana ha metopa e metenya, li-streaks kapa li-rhombus. Ka linako tse ling, joalo ka ha ho entsoe ke celebeskoy keffiyeh, 'mala o hlahelletseng (botala bo khanyang) o hlapisoa hanyane feela ka metopa e mesesaane e putsoa-tšoeu.
Li-rattlesnake li na le hlooho e bōpehileng joaloka sefahleho, meno a mabeli a malelele (moo chefo e fetang) le mohatla oa mohatla o entsoeng ka li-keratinities tse bopehileng joaloka lesale.
Bohlokoa! Ha se lihahabi tsohle tse hlometseng ka marabele - ha ba, ka mohlala, ka shitomordnikov, hammoho le Catalin rattlesnake phela ka bang. Santa Catalina (Kou ea California).
Noha e hloka mohatla ho tšosa lira, 'me kholo ea eona e ntse e tsoela pele bophelo bohle ba eona. Ho tenya qetellong ea mohatla ho hlaha kamora molt oa pele. Nakong ea li-moults tse latelang, likhechana tsa letlalo la khale li khomarela kholo ena, tse lebisang ho thehoeng ha lehlaka la liphallelo.
Ha li tsamaea, mehele e lahlehile, empa boholo ba eona e sala e le sesebelisoa sa thibelo / tlhokomeliso. Ho thothomela ha mohatla o phahamisitsoeng, o nang le molumo, ho supa hore sehahabi se tšohile mme o mpe o tsoe tseleng ea sona.
Ho ea ka Nikolai Drozdov, molumo oa mehele e sisinyehang o ts'oana le molumo o hlahisoang ke projeke ea filimi e moqotetsane mme o ka utluoa hole ho fihla ho limithara tse 30.
Bolele ba bophelo
Haeba li-rattlesnake li ne li phela nako eohle e behiloeng ke tlhaho, li ne li ke ke tsa tloha lefatšeng lena pele ho lilemo tse 30. Bonyane, sena ke hantle-ntle ke lihlooho tse kae tsa likoti tse lulang botlamuoeng (ka boiketlo le ntle le lira tsa tlhaho). Ka bolokolohi, lihahabi tsena ha se kamehla li fihlelang mashome a mabeli, 'me bongata bo boholo bo shoa pejana.
Habitat, habitats
Ho ea ka li-herpetologists, hoo e ka bang halofo ea li-rattlesnake (mefuta e 106) li lula kontinenteng ea Amerika le mefuta e mengata (69 ea mefuta) Asia Boroa-bochabela.
Lihlooho-hlooho feela tse keneng kahare ho li-hemispheres tsa lefats'e li bitsoa shitomordniki... Ke 'nete hore Amerika Leboea ho na le tse fokolang haholo ho tsona - mefuta e meraro feela. Tse peli (ka bochabela le tse tloaelehileng tsa shitomordniki) li fumanoe Bochabela bo Hōle ba naha ea rona, Asia Bohareng le Azerbaijan. Linaha tsa bochabela li boetse li fumaneha Chaena, Japane le Korea, tseo baahi ba tsona ba ithutileng ho pheha lijana tse ntle haholo ka nama ea noha.
Noha e tloaelehileng e ka bonoa Afghanistan, Iran, Korea, Mongolia le Chaena, 'me hunchback e ka bonoa Sri Lanka le India. Mace e boreleli e lula Hloahloeng ea Indochina, Sumatra le Java. Himalaya khetha lithaba, hlōla litlhōrō ho fihlela ho limithara tse likete tse 5.
Karolong e ka Bochabela ea Lefatše, ho na le li-keffis tse fapaneng, tse khahlisang ka ho fetesisa tse nkoang e le moahi oa Japane - setsi se le seng sa halofo ea mithara. Mountain keffiyeh e ile ea ngolisoa Hloahloeng ea Indochina le Himalaya, le bamboo - India, Nepal le Pakistan.
Karolong e ka Bophirimela ea Lefatše, manong a mang a likoti a bitsoang botrops le 'ona a atile. Li-rattlesnake tse ngata ka ho fetisisa Brazil, Paraguay le Uruguay li nkuoa e le licheche tse chesang, mme Mexico - urutu.
Mokhoa oa bophelo oa Rattlesnake
Lihlooho tsa likoti ke sechaba se fapaneng hoo o ka fumanang litho kae kapa kae ho tloha mahoatateng ho isa lithabeng.... Mohlala, noha ea metsi "e fula" ka mekhoabong, makhulong a metsi, mabopong a matangoana le linoka, le Bothrops athrox e khetha morung oa tropike.
Linonyana tse ling tsa linonyana ha li theohe lifateng, tse ling li ikutloa li itšepa fatše, 'me tse ling li khethile majoe.
Motšehare oa mantsiboea a chesang haholo, li-rattlesnake li phomola tlas'a majoe, likutu tsa lifate tse oeleng, ka tlasa makhasi a oeleng, metheong ea kutu le likoting tse siiloeng ke litoeba, ho ba le matla a haufi le shoalane. Mosebetsi oa nakong ea bosiu o tloaelehile sehleng se chesang: Linakong tse pholileng, linoha lia hlaka motšehare.
Ho bata serameng nakong ea serame, hammoho le lihahabi tse emereng, hangata li chesoa ke letsatsi.
Hoa thahasellisa! Li-rattlesnake tse ngata li lula lilemo tse ngata li ts'epahalla mokoti o kileng oa khethoa moo litloholo tsa bona tse ngata li tsoelang pele ho phela. Nora o bonahala a futsitsoe ka mashome a lilemo le makholo a lilemo.
Ka lehaheng le joalo la lelapa, ho lula lihlopha tse kholo tsa linoha. Leeto la pele, ho tsoma, ho nyalanya esita le ho falla ha linako tsa selemo ho etsahala haufi le mobu. Mefuta e meng ea li-rattlesnake e ipata likhoebong tse kholo, e futhumatsana nakong ea ha ho phomola, ha e meng e arohana.
Lijo, tlhahiso
Li-rattlesnake, joalo ka libatana tse tloahelehileng, li ema 'me li emetse phofu ea tsona ho tla hole. Letšoao la tlhaselo e atamelang ke molala o bōpehileng joaloka S, moo hlooho ea noha e shebileng sera. Bolelele ba ho lahlela bo lekana le 1/3 ea bolelele ba 'mele oa noha.
Joaloka marabe a mang, marabe a likoti a hlasela phofu ka chefo ho fapana le ho e bofa. Li-rattlesnake li iphepa haholo ka liphoofolo tse nyane tse nang le mali a futhumetseng, empa eseng tsona feela. Lijo (ho latela sebaka) li na le:
- litoeba, ho kenyelletsa le litoeba, likhoto le mebutlanyana;
- linonyana;
- tlhapi;
- lihohoana;
- mekholutsoane;
- linoha tse nyane;
- likokoanyana, ho kenyelletsa le cicadas le popane.
Hangata linoha tsa bocha li sebelisa malebela a tsona a mohatla o mebala e khanyang ho hohela mekholutsoane le lihohoana.
Motšehare, li-rattlesnake li fumana phofu ka thuso ea litho tse tloaelehileng tsa pono, empa ntho e hoammeng ntle le motsamao e kanna ea se hlokomeloe. Bosiu, lia ba thusa, li arabela mochesong oa likoting, li khetholla likaroloana tsa likhato. Esita le lefifing le letšo, noha e bona mocheso oa phofu o entsoeng ke mahlaseli a kotsi.
Lira tsa rattlesnake
Pele ho tsohle, ke motho ea timetsang lihahabi ka lebaka la ho tsoma kapa ka lebaka la tšabo e sa utloahaleng. Linotši tse ngata li ne li sithabetsoa litseleng. Ka kakaretso, palo ea marabe a likoti, joalo ka linoha tse ling, e fokotsehile haholo polaneteng.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ka lebaka la li-rattlesnake, e 'ngoe ea metsamao ea khale ea rumba ea Mexico e hlahile: motantshi nako le nako o lahlela leoto la hae pele kapa lehlakoreng, a hatella ho hong ka serethe. Hoa etsahala hore linoha li ne li hlasela motjeko khafetsa hoo banna ba ileng ba ithuta ho hatakela lihahabi, ntle le ho sitisa rumba.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa rattlesnake, hammoho le batho, ke:
- li-hawk tse mehatla e khubelu;
- masumu;
- li-raccoon;
- liphokojoe;
- linoha, ho kenyelletsa le li-musuran tse kholo (ho fihlela ho 2.4 m);
- California tse tsamaisang li-cuckoos.
Lintho tse fokotsang palo ea linonyana li kenyelletsa serame sa bosiu, se bolaeang bacha ba sa tsoa qhotsoa.
Ho ikatisa ha noha
Li-rattlesnake tse ngata tsa viviparous li nyalana kamora mariha (ka Mmesa-Mots'eanong) kapa hamorao, ho latela boholo... Hangata peo ea botona ea lehlabula e bolokoa 'meleng oa basali ho fihlela nakong ea selemo, mme ke ka Phuptjane feela sehahabi se behelang mahe. Ka clutch ho na le likotoana tsa 2 ho isa ho tse 86 (Bothrops atrox), empa ka karolelano 9-12, mme kamora likhoeli tse tharo bana ba tsoaloa.
E le molao, pele li behela mahe, tse tšehali li khasa hole le mobu oa tsona bakeng sa 0.5 km, empa ho etsahala hore linoha li qhotsoe hantle sehlaheng sa lelapa. Kamora lilemo tse peli tse tšehali, ha li se li fumane matla, li tla be li loketse tokiso e latelang.
Ho tla ba monate: kamoo linoha li tsoalang kateng
Ha li le matsatsi a 10, li-rattlesnake li tšolla letlalo ka lekhetlo la pele, nakong eo "konopo" e thehoang ntlheng ea mohatla, e qetellang e fetoha lerata. Hoo e ka bang mathoasong a Mphalane, linoha li leka ho kena ka mokoting oa tsona, empa ha se motho e mong le e mong ea atlehang: ba bang ba bolaoa ke serame le libatana, ba bang baa kheloha.
Banna ba manong a likoti ba fihlella kholo ea thobalano ka lilemo tse 2, tse tšehali ka tse tharo.
Chefo ea Rattlesnake, ho longoa ke noha
Nonyana e chefo ka ho fetisisa e nang le chefo e bitsoang Crotalus scutulatus, e lulang mahoatateng le merung ea Amerika Leboea. Ha a hlasela, o kenya moriana o khethollang methapo ea kutlo.
Leha ho le joalo, hoo e ka bang li-rattlesnake tsohle li chefo haholo: chefo hangata e baka ho tsoa mali kahare, e lebisa ho ts'oaetso ea anaphylactic, ho hloleha ho hema, ho hloleha ha liphio le lefu.
Ke 'nete, ho ea ka lipalo-palo, United States selemo se seng le se seng batho ba 10-15 ba shoa ho tsoa ho ba likete tse 8 ba longoeng, ho bonts'ang boemo bo phahameng ba meriana le boteng ba lithibela-mafu tse ntle tsa sejoale-joale.
Ho lokela ho hopoloa hore noha ea noha ha e hlasele motho hangata, e khetha ho tlohela mosebetsi ha e kopana... Ka nako e ts'oanang, a ka sisinya lerata la hae, a tsebisa beng ka eena ka kotsi e ka bang teng.
Haeba u longoe ke shitomordnik, 'me u e-so lokisetse pheko, hopola mekhoa ea setso ea ho loantša mahloko a marabe:
- noa tee e ngata (e chesang, e monate ebile e matla haholo);
- noa vodka (haeba u e fumana);
- nka cordiamine (haeba ho ka etsahala);
- kena / noa li-antihistamine (suprastin, tavegil kapa tse ling).
'Me u se ke ua lebala hore noha, ha e longoa, ha e hlasele chefo kamehla: ka linako tse ling ke mofuta oa moetlo o etselitsoeng ho supa ts'okelo.
Ho boloka rattlesnake hae
Taba ea pele, nahana ka hloko hore na u tla tseba ho netefatsa polokeho ea hau le ba u potileng ka ho qala noha. Haeba karabo ke e, fumana mofuta o tshekaletseng oa terrarium (ka litekanyo 80 * 50 * 50 bakeng sa batho ba baholo ba 2-3).
Seo u se hlokang ho hlomella mokotla oa noha oa kamoso:
- mobu oo substrate ea kokonate kapa cypress mulch e kopantsoeng le boriba le joang bo phethahetseng;
- mokato oa makhasi (ka holim'a mobu) ho atametsa sebaka sa tikoloho haufi le tlhaho. O ka nka makhasi, ho kenyeletsoa linden, birch le oak;
- lejoe le futhumetseng le tla nkela majoe sebaka
- makhapetla le patsi, moo linonyana li tla ipata teng;
- senoa se koahetsoeng ke boriba le boriba: ka tsela ena o fumana sebaka sa mongobo o phahameng, ha o ntse o sireletsa metsi hore a se fofe likotoana tsa mobu.
Liphoofolo tsa hau tsa lapeng li tla hloka mocheso oa lehae la tsona... Sena se bolela hore bosiu ka terrarium ha ea lokela ho bata ho feta + 21 + 23 likhato, 'me motšehare - + 29 + 32 likhato (ka mofuthu lefapha) le + 25 + 27 likhato (libakeng tse moriti). Mongobo oa moea o lula o le maemong a 40-50% ka ho fafatsa terrarium ka sethunya sa spray hang ka letsatsi kapa ka ho kenya jenereithara ea moholi.
Ho tla ba monate: ho boloka linoha hae
Lihahabi tse kholo li fepa matsatsi a mang le a mang a 10-14 e le hore li se ke tsa baka botenya. Lijo tsa mantlha tsa li-rattlesnake e tla ba litoeba tse nyane; ha selemo se qala, likokoanyana tse kholo le lihoho li hlahisoa lijong.
