Letšoao la liphoofolo la Fora - mokōkō oa Gallic oa perky. Letšoao lena la naha le hlahile ka lebaka la Macelt (Gauls). Ba boetse ba tseba sebaka seo naha ea Fora e hlahileng ho sona.
Naha e lula boholo ba Europe Bophirimela. Sebaka sa eona, ntle le thepa ea mose ho maoatle, ke lisekoere-mithara tse 547,000. km. Libaka tsohle tse shebahalang joaloka k'honthinente ea Europe li teng Rephabliking ea Fora.
Li-Pyrenees tse ka boroa, lithaba tse lithabeng ka boroa-bochabela, Jura massif ka bochabela, ka tlhaho li koalla lithota bohareng le leboea la naha. ,
Tlelaemete, ho tloha leoatleng ho ea kontinenteng, hangata e bonolo. Phapang pakeng tsa lithemparetjha tsa lehlabula le mariha ha e fete 10 ° C. Mokhelo ke libaka tse lithaba, tse khetholloang ke boemo ba leholimo bo matla ba lithaba.
Sebaka se setle sa libaka, phapang ea ponahalo ea leholimo, boemo ba leholimo bo bonolo bo kentse letsoho mefuteng ea mefuta ea liphoofolo. Nts'etsopele ea moruo oa naha e amme hampe liphoofolo tse ahileng libakeng tsa Mafora.
Dinyantshi
Ho na le mefuta e ka bang 140 ea liphoofolo tse anyesang naheng ea Fora. Tsena ke matšoao a matle bakeng sa naha ea Europe. Ho feta moo, Mafora a rata le ho sireletsa liphoofolo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, liphoofolo, linonyana le litlhapi li kenya letsoho katlehong ea rephabliki.
Mohlala o makatsang ka ho fetisisa: katse Felicette - phoofolo ya pele sebakeng. Fora ee tsebisitse ka potoloho ka 1963. Ka nako ena, bo-cosmonaut ba 6 ba Soviet, ho kenyeletsoa le mosali, ba ne ba se ba le sebakeng, empa katse ea pele ebile e le 'ngoe feela ha e mpe.
Bere e sootho
Phoofolo e anyesang e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea Europe. Phoofolo e jang mahlohle, setho sa sehlopha se jang liphoofolo, e etella pele lelapa la bere. Europe, ho na le li-subspecies tse nang le sistimi e bitsoang Ursus arctos arctos, hape ke bere e sootho ea Eurasia. Bere e boima ba lik'hilograma tse 200, ka hoetla e ka eketsa boima ba eona ka lekhetlo le le leng le halofo.
Hibernation bakeng sa mariha ke thepa e ikhethang ea phoofolo. Empa sena ha se etsahale kamehla. Ho haella ha mafura a kenang ka tlasa mafura kapa mariha a futhumetseng haholo ho ka hlakola boroko ba phoofolo. Fora, bere e ka fumanoa merung ea lithaba, ka linako tse ling e le morung oa lithaba tsa Pyrenean.
Phiri e tloaelehileng
Phoofolo e kholo, sebatana sa canine. E tona e holileng e ka ba boima ba lik'hilograma tse 80-90. Ho fihlela lekholong la bo20 la lilemo, e ne e fumaneha hohle Fora. Ba hlaba mehlape ba bile ba hlasela batho. Butle-butle, joaloka ba bangata liphoofolo tsa fora, e ile ea khanneloa merung ea lithaba e ka thoko. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, li-subspecies Canis lupus italicus kapa phiri ea Apennine li ile tsa qala ho hlaha ka boroa ho Fora.
Geneta e tloaelehileng
Sebata se ikhethang sa lelapa la civerrid. E tšoana hantle le kat. Geneta e na le mmele o molelele - ho fihla ho 0.5 m le mohatla o molelele - ho fihlela ho 0.45 m. E pentiloe ka maqhubu a bosootho bo sootho le matheba a matsho.
Mohatla - karolo e khahlisang ka ho fetesisa ea phoofolo - e boreleli, e khabisitsoe ka metopa e fapaneng e fapaneng. Naha ea habo ea lefutso ke Afrika. Mehleng e Bohareng, e ile ea hlahisoa Spain, ea hasana ho pholletsa le Pyrenees, ea tlatsetsoa liphoofolo tsa Fora.
Lynx
Fora, lithabeng tsa Alps le Apennines, lynx e tloaelehileng e fumanoa ka linako tse ling. Ena ke kholo, ka litekanyetso tsa Europe, sebatana se boima ba lik'hilograma tse 20. Hona le tse tona tse hatang tse boima bo fetang 30 kg.
Lynx ke phofu e tenyetsehang; lijo tsa eona li kenyelletsa litoeba, linonyana esita le likhama tse nyane. E mafolofolo ebile e atleha haholo mariha: maroko a maholo, maoto le matsoho a phahameng le boea bo teteaneng bo nolofalletsa bophelo le ho tsoma morung o lehloa.
Katse ea meru
Phoofolo e jang liphoofolo tse mahareng ka boholo. E kholo ho feta likatse tse ruuoang, empa kantle e ts'oanang le tsona, ntle le mohatla - e na le ponahalo e khuts'oane, e "khaotsoeng". Likatse tsa meru ke lihlong, liphoofolo tse patang tse qobang libaka tsa anthropomorphic. Fora, li-subspecies tsa Europe Bohareng li lula haholo-holo libakeng tse bohareng tsa naha mme ke tse fokolang haholo.
Ntja ea Raccoon
Omnivore ho tsoa lelapeng le lengata la li-canine. Ha e na kamano ea lelapa le li-raccoon, e bitsoa raccoon ka lebaka la sebopeho sa eona sa 'mele oa ponotomic, maqeba a lehlakoreng le' mala o ts'oanang. Naha ea ntja ke Bochabela bo Hōle, ka hona ka linako tse ling e bitsoa Phokojoe ea Ussuri.
Karolong ea pele ea lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, liphoofolo li ile tsa hlahisoa karolong ea Europe ea Soviet Union molemong oa ho fapanya liphoofolo ka mefuta ea khoebo ea boea. Hang ha li le maemong a matle, lintja li ile tsa lula Leboea, Bochabela le Bophirima ba Yuropa. Linaheng tse ngata tsa Bophirimela, e nkuoa e le sesenyi 'me e tlameha ho senngoa.
Phokojoe e khubelu
Sebatana se atileng sa Europe sa boholo bo bonyenyane. 'Mele, o lekantsoe ka mohatla, mefuteng e meholo ea batho ba baholo e ka fihla bolelele ba limithara tse 1,5. Boima ba liphokojoe tse ling bo haufi le 10 kg. Karolo e ka morao ea 'mele e mebala e bosootho bo bofubelu, mpa e batla e le tšoeu.
Lithabeng tsa Alps, ka linako tse ling ho fumanoa lisampole tse sootho tse sootho, esita le hangata ha ho na liphokojoe tse nang le 'mala o motšo o melanic. Liindasteri, kaho le temo ha li tšose liphoofolo. Ke baeti ba atisang ho etela mathōkong a litoropo le litšila tsa mobu.
Meru ferret
Ferret e tloaelehileng, e bitsoang black ferret aka Mustela putorius, ke sebata se makatsang sa lelapa la weasel. E na le ponahalo e ikhethang: 'mele o molelele, maoto a makhuts'oane, mohatla o molelele. Boima ba phoofolo e kholo e ka ba lik'hilograma tse 1-1.5.
Libaka tse ratoang haholo bakeng sa ho tsoma le ho ikatisa ke meru e menyenyane hara masimo, mathōkong a moru. Ka mantsoe a mang, ponahalo ea Fora e ntle bakeng sa bophelo ba ferret. Boea ba phoofolo bo na le boleng bo sebelisitsoeng. Ntle ho moo, liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng fora e tlatsitsoeng ke mefuta e fapaneng ea ferret - furo.
Ibex
Phoofolo e khanyang ea Artiodactyl e tsoang lelapeng la bovid - Capra ibex. Mabitso a mang a atile: ibex, capricorn. Ha e pona, kholo ea monna e moholo e fihla ho 0,9 m, boima ba 'mele - ho fihlela ho 100 kg. Tse tšehali li bobebe haholo. Ibex o lula Alps moeling oa pheletso ea botala le qaleho ea lehloa, lehloa.
Tse tona ke tse manaka a malelele ka ho fetesisa liphoofolo tsa fora. Setšoantšong hangata li hlahisoa ka motsotsoana oa bora. Ke feela kamora ho fihlela lilemo tse 6 Ibex e nang le monyetla oa ho hapa tokelo ea ho etella pele le ho ba le sehlopha sa lelapa, mohlape o monyane. Ba batona le ba batšehali, ho sa tsotelehe maemo a mabe, ba phela nako e telele ho lekana - lilemo tse ka bang 20.
Likhama tse hlomphehang
Tse benyang tsa Artiodactyl tse tsoang lelokong la likhama tsa 'nete - Cervus elaphus. Meru e atolositsoeng le makhulo a lithaba Alps le Jura ke sebaka se ratoang haholo sa phoofolo ena e kholo, e jang limela. Boima ba likhama tse tona bo ka feta 300 kg.
Manaka le ho puruma ho lumella banna ho tseba matla a mohanyetsi ntle le ho ea ntoeng. Ha ho sena melemo e hlakileng ka matla a lentsoe le ho ba le manaka, tokelo ea ho ba le basali e ikemiselitse ntoeng. Sephetho ka linako tse ling sea utloisa bahanyetsi ka bobeli bohloko.
Likhama tsa Europe tsa roe
Phoofolo e tsoang lelokong la likhama tse tšehali, lelapa la likhama. Artiodactyl e nyane. Boima ba motho e motona bo fihla ho 20-30 kg. Basali ba bobebe ka 10-15%. E fapana ka mohau, lebelo le kabo e pharalletseng. Libaka tse ratoang haholo li kopane, ka ho khetheha meru e hlohlona le moru.
Fora, e fumaneha ho pholletsa le sebaka seo ntle le li-conifers le lithaba. Ha u sheba likhama tse tšehali, hoa hlaka ke liphoofolo life tsa Fora e tumme ka beng ba libaka tse ikemetseng le libaka tsa ho tsoma.
Liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa leoatleng tsa Fora
Leoatleng la Atlantic, Leoatleng la Mediterranean le lebopong la naha, ho na le liphoofolo tse anyesang tse ngata tsa leoatleng. Har'a tsona, tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa ke li-dolphin. Lelapa la dolphin le kenyelletsa mefuta e 17. Bongata ba tsona li kanna tsa hlaha lebopong la Fora. Tse tloaelehileng ka ho fetisisa ke li-dolphin tse tloaelehileng le mehlape e menyenyane ea li-dolphin tsa bottlenose.
Dolphin
Meqomo e mesoeu e na le 'mala o khethollang: karolo e lefifi, e batlang e le ntsho, karolo e ka mpeng e bobebe le mola o lehlakoreng o' mala o mosoeu kapa o mosehla. Monna e moholo o hola ho fihla ho 2,5 m mme e ka ba boima ba 80 kg.
Palo e kholo ea li-dolphin tsena e fumaneha ho la Mediterranean. Li-dolphin li khetha libaka tse bulehileng tsa leoatle, hangata li atamela lebopong. Meqomo e mesoeu hangata e bonts'a litšoaneleho tsa eona tse lebelo haholo ha li felehetsa likepe.
Li-dolphin tsa botlolo
Mofuta oa li-dolphin, o ajoang ho pholletsa le maoatle a lefats'e, ntle le maoatle a polar. Tsena ke li-dolphin tse atileng ka ho fetisisa. Palo ea baahi ba Mediterranean e ka ba batho ba ka bang 10 000. Liphoofolo li hola boholo ba bophelo ba tsona, bolelele ba motho e moholo bo ka fapana ho tloha ho 2 ho isa ho 3 m, boima ba eona ho fihlela ho 300 kg.
'Mele o kaholimo o pentiloe ka lithane tse sootho tse sootho. Karolo e ka tlase, e kenang hare e bohlooho, e batla e le tšoeu. Boko bo tsoetseng pele, bohlale bo potlakileng le bokhoni ba ho ithuta li entse li-dolphin tsa botlolo libapali tse ka sehloohong lipontšong tsohle ka ho nka karolo ha liphoofolo tsa metsing.
Finwhal
Leruarua la Minke kapa leruarua. Phoofolo ea bobeli e kholo lefatšeng mme ke leruarua feela le lulang le le teng ho la Mediterranean. Bolelele ba motho e moholo bo haufi le limithara tse 20 Boima bo fihla ho lithane tse 80.
Le boholo bo boholo le boima ba liphoofolo tse phelang Karolong e ka Boroa ea Lefatše. Qalong ea lekholo la XXI moeling oa Fora le Italy, Leoatleng la Mediterranean, sebaka se sirelelitsoeng sa limithara tse lisekoere tsa 84,000 se thehiloe. km, ho ts'oasa litlhapi ho thibetsoe mme ho sesa hoa lekanyetsoa molemong oa ho boloka mehlape ea liphoofolo tsa metsing, haholo-holo maruarua le li-dolphin.
Linonyana tsa Fora
Mefuta e ka bang 600 ea linonyana tsa sehlaha le tsa bajaki e etsa avifauna ea Fora. Eseng lefeela phoofolo ea naha ea Fora Ke nonyana, leha e sa balehe: Mokoko oa Gallic. Har'a mefuta ea linonyana, ho na le libopuoa tse makatsang haholo le tse sa tloaelehang.
Flamingo e pinki
Lebitso la bobeli ke flamingo e tloaelehileng. Linonyana li na le mapheo a likorale tse khubelu, masiba a ho fofa a matšo, 'mele o mong o pinki e sootho. Flamingo ha e fetohe joalo hang, ha e sa le monyane 'mala oa masiba a bona o soeufetse. Masiba a fetoha a pinki ha a le lilemo li 3. Linonyana li kholo, boima ba motho e moholo ke 3.4-4 kg. Fora, ho na le sebaka se le seng sa lihlaha tsa li-flamingo - ona ke molomo oa polokelo ea tlhaho ea Rhone, Camargue.
Mokotatsie o motšo
Nonyana e hlokolosi e sa tloaelehang, lihlaha Fora le linaha tse ling tsa Europe le Asia, ho fihla libakeng tse hole tsa Russia. Nonyana ena e kholo haholo, boima ba mehlala ea batho ba baholo bo fihla ho 3 kg. Mapheo a buleha 1.5 m. Mmele o hodimo le mapheo di ntsho ka mmala o motala bo lefifi. Torso e tlase e tšoeu ka maru. Tefiso le maoto li khubelu ebile li telele haholo.
Limumu swan
Nonyana e ntle ea lihlaha ka leboea ho Fora - swan e sa khoneng ho bua. Nonyana e kholo: boima ba banna bo fihla ho 13 kg, tse tšehali li feta habeli khanya. E rehelletsoe lebitso la eona moetlong oa ho honothe ka lebaka la litšokelo. Nonyana ena ke ea lelapa la letata, e na le lebitso la sistimi Cygnus olor.
E khetha matša a manyane a holileng bophelo bohle. Linonyana li etsa lipara tse sa qhalaneng nako e telele. Ho rata ha Swans ho nyala mosali a le mong ho hlahisitse litšōmo tse 'maloa tse ntle.
Chukar ea Europe
Nonyana e nyane e tsoang lelapeng la pheasant. Fora, e lula Alps le Pyrenees moeling oa meru le lehloa. Batho ba baholo ka ho fetisisa ba boima ba ligrama tse 800. Nonyana ena ha e rate ho fofa halelele le holimo, e khetha ho tsamaea fatše.
Lijo tsa mantlha ke tse tala: lithollo, letlobo, monokotsoai. Empa e ka ntlafatsa karolo ea protheine ka ho pepa liphoofolo tse se nang lesapo la mokokotlo. Nonyana e ngata haholo: e behela mahe a 12-15 sehlaheng sa lefats'e.
Tsebisa
Nonyana e nyane e boima ba ligrama tse 70 le mapheo a bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 35 ho isa ho 40. Masiba a lefifi, a sootho, sefubeng ke apron e tšoeu. Fora, mochini o tsamaisang thepa o ajoa hanyane ka hanyane. O phela mabopong a linoka. E sesa ebile e qoela hantle, e tseba ho matha ka tlasa metsi. E fepa ka likokoanyana tsa metsing, li-crustaceans tse nyane. E etsa clutch habeli ka selemo, litsuong ka leng tsa litsuonyana tse 5.
Li-warblers
Linonyana tse nyane tse jang likokoanyana. Masiba a sootho, a matala, empa ha a khanya. Mofuta ona ha o tšoane haholo ka 'mala le sebopeho sa' mele. Li itšireletsa merung e mahlahahlaha, meru e tsoakaneng le e meholo. Hangata haholo Fora, ho na le mefuta e fapaneng ea li-warblers:
- moferefere,
- Mohlabani oa Iberia,
- sebabole se nang le mabone a bobebe,
- warbler-ratchet
- bohale bo matla,
- mohlabani,
- warbler e tala,
- mmila o hlooho e bobebe.
Phakoe ea peregine
Sebata se nang le masiba se atileng ka ho fetisisa. Nonyana e kholo e tsoang lelapeng la phakoe. Phakoe ea peregrine e kenyelelitsoe tsamaisong ea bioloji e bitsoang Falco peregrinus. Boima ba 'mele bo ka feta 1 kg. Fora, e fumaneha hohle, ntle le lihlabeng.
E tsoala mafikeng, pela mafika a linoka. Lijo li tloaelehile bakeng sa liphakoe: litoeba, liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nyane, linonyana. E sebelisa mokhoa o sebetsang oa tlhaselo - qoela. Nonyana e thapisoa, e sebelisetsoa phakoe.
Monna ea litelu
Nonyana e kholo e jang nama, ke ea lelapa la phakoe. Boima ba nonyana maemong a mang bo feta 7 kg, mapheo a bula limithara tse 3. Linonyana tsena tse sa tloaelehang li na le lebitso le leng - konyana.
E kenyelelitsoe tsamaisong ea likokoana-hloko joaloka Gypaetus barbatus. Litedu tse litelu li ka nkoa e le liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo feela; li khetha setopo ho feta ho hlasela linonyana le liphoofolo. Ba tsoma le ho haha lihlaha lithabeng, bophahamong ba limithara tse likete tse 2-3.
Liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng
Fora ke naha e tlalehang palo ea liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng. Ntle le liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng le tsa matlo, Mafora a ithorisa ka limilione tse 61 tsa matsoho le tse ruuoang. Ka lerato le tloaelehileng bakeng sa liphoofolo, ho fumana kat le ntja ha ho bonolo joalo.
Ho hlokahala hore ho fane ka bopaki ba thepa le bolulo ba mong'a ntlo ea ka bang teng. Hase mefuta eohle ea lintja e lumelloang. Ha se litaba feela, empa hape ho kenya liphoofolo naheng ea Fora laoloa ka thata.
Mefuta e tsebahalang haholo ea lintja:
- Balisa ba Jeremane le Belgian,
- khauta ea khauta,
- Sebaka sa Amerika sa Staffordshire,
- sepane,
- chihuahua,
- Bulldog ea Fora,
- Setters Senyesemane le Sejeremane,
- Teraka ea Yorkshire.
Mefuta e tsebahalang haholo ea katse:
- maineons,
- likatse tse bengal,
- Moriri o mokhuts'oane oa Borithane,
- siamese,
- li-sphinxes.
Mafora a etsa boiteko bo bongata ba ho boloka mefuta-futa ea liphoofolo. Ho na le libaka tsa boikhathollo tsa naha tse 10 ka hara naha. E kholo ka ho fetisisa e sebakeng sa mose ho maoatle - ho French Guiana.
