Ho na le linyeoe tse ngata nalaneng ha ntja e pholositse motho maemong ao batho ba bangata ba neng ba sena matla. Kutloisiso e matla ea monko le litšoaneleho tse ling tsa bohlokoa li lumella bathusi ba maoto a mane ho sebetsana ka katleho le mesebetsi e thata ka ho fetisisa.
Lebelo la ho nka liqeto, liketso tse hlakileng, boinehelo li hlaha ho liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng. Molopolli oa lintja ha e bontshe tsebo ea ts'ebeletso feela, empa e bonts'a ho hloka tšabo ea 'nete, ho inehela ho batho, ho beha bophelo ba hae kotsing.
Pale ea ntja ea basireletsi
Ho ea ka tšōmo, ea Matla 'Ohle o ile a shebella bophelo ba batho ba tsielehileng ba lulang libakeng tse nang le lehloa sehlekehlekeng sa Newfoundland. Ba lwanne le meya e batang, e matla. Mme ke nkile qeto ea ho ba etsetsa mothusi, ea tšoanang le bere, empa a khona ho mamella le ho ba mafolofolo.
Ke kamoo lintja tsa Newfoundland li hlahileng sehlekehlekeng sena, tse ikamahanyang le maemo a leholimo a mabe, ha li tšabe metsi a leqhoa, ho hohloa ha lehloa le serame se matla. Metsoalle e tšepahalang ea batšoasi ba litlhapi e fetohile mangeloi a bona a balebeli litekong ke maemo a lefats'e le metsi.
Boitsebiso bo tšepahalang bo mabapi le lintja tse kholo, tse ileng tsa hlahisoa ke baitlami ba Alpine bolulo ba St. Bernard, bo bolokiloe ho tloha lekholong la bo19 la lilemo ho fihlela kajeno. Bakeng sa baeti ba lahlehileng tseleng nakong ea sefefo sa lehloa, liphoofolo e bile monyetla oa ho qetela oa poloko. Li-hounds li ile tsa tlama meqomo ea ramu e mofuthu melaleng ea tsona mme ea li romela ho ea batla ba hlokang thuso.
Liphoofolo li ile tsa fumana batho, tsa ba futhumatsa ka boea bo botenya bo tlisitsoeng ka veine, mme ba tlisa bapholosi ba tsoang ntlong ea baitlami ea lehae. Nalane e bolokile lebitso la ntja Barry, ea pholositseng maphelo a leshome le metso e mene lilemong tse 12 tsa mosebetsi. Ka tsatsi le leng ntja e ile ea fumana ngoana ea neng a hatsetse mme a hlokahala. Barry o ile a nyeka lesea ho tsosa ngoana ha a ntse a emetse thuso ho batho.
Ka bomalimabe, monna oa hoqetela o ile a pholosa tšabo hobane Barry o ile a hlaba ntja ka thipa, ae ferekanya le bere. Ntja eo e ile ea pholoha, empa e ne e se e sa khone ho sebeletsa batho. Ka mor'a lefu la ntja, baahi ba nang le teboho ba ile ba mo hopotsa, ba emisa sefika mabitleng a Paris. Mefuta ea lintja tsa lehae, litloholo tsa bo-mastiffe ba Tibet, e ile ea reoa St. Bernards.
Batho esale ba khahloa ebile ba ananela bahale ba maoto a mane. Pamirs lilemo tse sekete le halofo tse fetileng, baahi ba mehleng ea khale ba ile ba etsa setšoantšo sa majoe, moo ntja e hulang motho ea fokolang. Libukeng tsa pokello ea nalane ho pota lefatše, ho pentiloe litšoantšo tse nang le merero e etselitsoeng liphoofolo tse se nang boithati.
Boinehelo, bokhoni bo ikhethang ba mefuta e mengata e thehile motheo oa koetliso bakeng sa ts'ebeletso e khethehileng ea lintja tse koetlisitsoeng. Ho sa natsoe nts'etsopele ea mahlale a morao-rao, ho batloa ha batho maemong a mangata a tšohanyetso, maloanlahla ka mor'a likoluoa tsa tlhaho, ho oa ho molemo haholo monko oa ntja, kutlo e ikhethang ea phoofolo.
Ntja e le 'ngoe e koetlisitsoeng e ka nka sebaka sa mosebetsi oa batho ba bangata, mme ho bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa, ka potlako le ka nepo ho fumana phofu le thuso. Teko e tsebahalang e entsoeng ke bapholosi ba lithaba. Sebakeng sa lisekoere-k'hilomithara tse likete tse 10, "lehlasipa la lehloa" le patiloe ka botebo ba limithara tse peli. Bapholosi ba batho ba 20 ba batlile motho lihora tse 4, 'me ntja ea mo fumana ka metsotso e 12. Ka linako tse ling, ho boloka bophelo ba motho e mong ho latela lebelo la thuso.
Ho pholosa mefuta ea lintja
Hase liphoofolo tsohle tse khonang ho ba bapholosi. Ntja ea ts'ebeletso e tlameha ho ba le sebopeho se khutsitseng, mamello, matla a kahare ho hlola litšitiso. Le ha nalane e tseba mehlala ea ts'ebeletso e se nang boithati, liketso tsa bahale tsa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng tse nyane tse maoto a mane. Bo-rasaense ba khetholla mefuta e itseng ea lintja tse nang le tšekamelo ea tlhaho ea ho hlola mathata. Har'a tsona, tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa ke:
Mohalaleli Bernard... Ntja e boholo bo tsotehang ka matla a maholo a mmele. Bokhoni bo ikhethang ba liphoofolo bo bontšoa ka pono ea maqhubu a molumo ka makhetlo a ka bang 100 Hz, i.e. Saint Bernards e utloa makhetlo a 4-5 ho feta batho. Matla a monko o feta bokhoni ba motho ka makhetlo a 14 ka lebaka la kholo e khethehileng ea lesoba la nko.
Mpho e ikhethang ea liphoofolo libakeng tse lithaba e li lumella ho lebella leqhubu la lihora tse 'maloa ke motsamao oa moea, ho lemosa batho. Ha ho makatse hore ebe St. Bernards e bitsoa lintja tsa lehloa.
Ka lebaka la tlhaho ea bona e khethehileng le matla a 'mele, lintja li fumana batho ba patiloeng ka tlas'a lehloa, ba li cheka, ba li futhumatsa, ba ba hulele sebakeng se sireletsehileng kapa ba pholose batho. St. Bernard ke eona e ntle ka ho fetisisa ntja ea mopholosi lithabeng, eseng ho khutlela morao pele ho litšitiso, ho bontša boits'oaro bo sa thibeleheng.
Bokgoni ba kelello, bohlale bo potlakileng, ho hanyetsa khatello ea maikutlo, boinehelo bo khetholla bapholosi ba maoto a mane ba sa lekanyetsoang lithabeng. Bophelong bo tloaelehileng, lintja ke bona balebeli ba hloahloa, ba amang bana, ba ikemiselitse ho potlakela ts'ireletsong ea bona.
Newfoundland (diver)... Lintja tse nang le torso e kholo, mokokotlo o pharaletseng, joalo ka ha eka li entsoe ka tlhaho bakeng sa mosebetsi oa 'mele maemong a thata. Sebopeho se ikhethileng sa anatomiki se lumella Newfoundlands ho ba ka metsing a leqhoa ntle le kotsi ho bophelo bo botle.
Sena se nolofalitsoe ke sebopeho se ikhethileng sa li-auricles, lera le kopaneng, leihlo la boraro, boea bo sa keneleng metsi. Lintja tsa pholoso ka metsing Li khetholloa ka bokhoni ba ho sesa mashome a lik'hilomithara, ho qoela bolibeng bo boholo, ho hanyetsa serame, bokhoni ba ho arabela hanghang ho motho ea khangoang ke metsi.
Sisteme e matla ea methapo, bokhabane e u lumella ho sebetsa mapolesa, ho ba litataiso tse ke keng tsa lekanngoa. Empa takatso e kholo ea lintja ke karolo ea metsi, ntle le eona phoofolo e ke keng ea bonts'a litšoaneleho tsa eona tse ntle le bokhoni ba eona.
Molisa oa Jeremane... Nakong e fetileng, baholo-holo ba mefuta ea sejoale-joale ba ne ba sireletsa mehlape ho liphoofolo tse li jang. Lintja tsa sejoale-joale tse nang le boiphihlelo bo tsoetseng pele ba ho sebeletsa batho li fumaneha hohle - li sebeletsa mapolesa, li sebetsa ho batla, ts'ireletso le ho thusa mesebetsing ea pholoso. Li-cynologists li khetholla likarolo tsa mantlha tsa mofuta ona:
- bokhabane;
- boikemisetso;
- mamello;
- ketsahalo.
Litšoaneleho tse ntlehali tsa lintja li senoloa ka thuto e nepahetseng ea liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng. Botsoalle boo ba bo bontšang ka lapeng ha se litšobotsi tsa bona kamanong le basele. Sebopeho se matla, ho hloka tšabo, bohlale bo lumella ho rarolla mesebetsi e thata ka ho fetisisa ea ho fumana batho tlasa litšila, libakeng tse lithaba, liketsahalong tsa botlokotsebe.
Ho na le nyeoe e tsebahalang ea ho pholosa batho botlamuoeng ba lehloa, ha Ajax Shepherd a ne a sebetsa a sa phomole lihora tse 96 ho fihlela motho oa ho qetela a lokolloa tlas'a lehloa le petelitsoeng. Maoto a ntja a ne a hatsetsoe ke serame, a tsofetse ho isa masapo.
Labrador. Nalane eohle ea mofuta ona e amahanngoa le ho sebeletsa motho nakong ea ho tsoma le ho tšoasa litlhapi. Mamello, matla a mmele, boits'oaro bo leka-lekaneng ba liphoofolo bo thusitse ho pholoha sefefo, maemo a leholimo a mabe, ho latela tsela. Ka lebaka la bohlale bo tsoetseng pele, lintja li tšoara ka hlooho litaelo tse fetang makholo a mabeli, li utloisisa batho hantle.
Moelelo o motle oa ho fofonela, ho hloka tšabo, 'mele oa baatlelete o etsa hore lintja li se ke tsa khutlisoa mesebetsing ea lipatlisiso naheng, metsing le lithabeng. Lintja tsa litšebeletso li batla lintho tse thibetsoeng, tse kotsi, li thusa ho tsamaisa lintho ka hanong ntle le tšenyo. Kahoo, ba fumanang Labrador ba ile ba isa likitlitlolong tsa thuso ea pele tse nang le meriana ho batho ba ka har'a maloanlahla, ba khasa ka mapetso ho ea ba lemetseng ka ho beha bophelo ba bona kotsing, hore ba tsebe ho iphumanela thuso ea pele.
Doberman. Bakeng sa 'mele ea bona e lumellanang, kholo e phahameng, e hlalosang litšoantšo tsa lintja, ba bitsoa bahlomphehi. Bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho sebetsa, matla, bohale, mamello, bohlale bo potlakileng bo khetholla li-Dobermans ha li etsa mesebetsi e fapaneng.
Lintja li koetlisetsoa lipatlisiso, ho hlahloba mahaha, ho batla ba hloang lithabeng, ho sebetsa har'a maloanlahla a kamora litšisinyeho tsa lefatše. Liphoofolo li na le botle bo botle, ho shebella ho tsoetseng pele, ho falimeha, ho ela hloko. Dobermans ea nang le semelo se ikhohomosang ba amohela batho ba matla le ba leka-lekaneng bao ba ba sebeletsang ka botšepehi le ka boitelo.
Rottweiler. Matla a 'mele a ntja, litho tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa kutlo, le kelello e bohale esale li ananeloa. Ho tloha Mehleng e Bohareng ea Europe, Rottweiler ba abetsoe karolo ea balebeli ha ba tsamaisa thepa, ba khanna likhomo. Bokhoni bo phahameng ba ho ikamahanya le maemo bo lumella phoofolo ho sebetsa morethetho o fanoeng, maemong a leholimo a mabe.
Ntja ea Jeremane e nang le khōliso e nepahetseng e lula e ikemiselitse ho thusa motho. Sebopeho se matla sa lintja se hloka tlhokomelo ea kamehla ho mong'a lona, boetapele bo hlakileng litabeng tsohle, botsoalle bo nang le boiphihlelo. Linaheng tsa Scandinavia, lintja tsa Rottweiler li sebeletsa litšebeletsong tsa meru le pholoso.
Spaniel. Ho tsamaisa lintja tse mahareng ho khethollotsoe ke matjato a tsona le monko o monate. Ho bapala ka tlhaho, ho arabela, ho ba le botsoalle ho ba etsa thatohatsi ea motho e mong le e mong. 'Mele o mosesane o etsa hore ho khonehe ho sebelisa liphoofolo ho hlaphoheloa ha batho matlotlong a likoluoa tsa tlhaho. Spaniel ka ho hlakileng e etsa qeto ea hore na motho oa phela. E fana ka matšoao ka ho bohola kapa ho honotha. Ka lebaka la ho phehella ha ntja mosebetsing oa bona, bana ba bangata ba ile ba pholosoa.
Malamute ea Alaska. Lintja li tsebahala ka mamello ea 'mele, ke ka hona li ileng tsa hoheloa ke maeto a ho hapa lipalo. Molao-motheo o matla oa liphoofolo, mesifa e ntlafalitsoeng hantle e lumella ho tsamaisa sleds ka mojaro oa ho fihla ho 400 kg. Lintja li ananeloa ka bokhoni ba tsona ba ho tsamaea libakeng tseo ba sa li tloaelang, ho hlola lehloa le ho cheka mekoti e tebileng.
Phoofolo e tla fumana le ho cheka motho ea patiloeng ka tlas'a lehloa, ntle le ho mo ntša kotsi, a ise leqeba ho batho, 'me e ke ke ea mo tlohela mathateng. Batho ba Leboea ha ba sebetse ntle le malamute nakong ea ts'ebetso ea ho batla le pholoso.
Ba tšoarang lintja ba lumela joalo mefuta lintja bapholosi e hlaha ka nts'etsopele ea litšoaneleho tse itseng liphoofolong, koetliso e nepahetseng, hobane tlhaho e se e behile menyetla e mengata ea li-tetrapods - mahlo a nchocho, kutlo e ntle haholo, monko o bonolo, mamello, bohlale.
Ke litšoaneleho life le litšobotsi tse hlahang ho ntja ho mopholosi
Batla le ho pholosa khetha lintja tsa mefuta e fapaneng e nang le litšobotsi tse ikhethileng bakeng sa koetliso. Haeba phoofolo e ntse e lokisetsoa ho sebetsa tlasa maloanlahla, ho hlokahala litlhoko tsa data e kantle:
- boholo bo nyane - ntja e hloka ho phunyeletsa masoba a manyane;
- boea ba bolelele bo mahareng - ka lithōle ho na le kotsi e kholo ea ho lemala letlalong.
Lintja tse ntle ka ho fetisisa tsa pholoso li khetholloa ka:
- 'mele oa mesifa - matla a mmele a hlokahala ho etsa mosebetsi o boima;
- mamello - tharollo ea mesebetsi ea pholoso e potlakile;
- khatello ea khatello ea maikutlo - meroalo e boima e ke ke ea qojoa mesebetsing ea pholoso;
- boits'oaro bo matla - ho bohlokoa hore ntja e fihlelle sepheo sa eona;
- ho hloka tšabo - mosebetsi o amana le kotsi e sa feleng ea ho tsoa kotsi;
- psyche e tsitsitseng - ho fihlela sepheo, lintja ha lia lokela ho khelosoa ke lintho tse kantle (monko, lillo), sebetsa le lisebelisoa tse sa fetoheng 'meleng;
- bohlale - liphoofolo tse bohlale ha li phethe litaelo feela, empa li iketsetsa liqeto maemong a thata;
- tlhaho e ntle - ho rata motho ke motheo oa mosebetsi oa pholoso;
- botsoalle bo phahameng - katleho ea mosebetsi e latela bokhoni ba ho buisana le batho ba bangata, liphoofolo tse ling.
Lintja tse pholosang Lekala la Maemo a Tšohanyetso e ipapisitse le likarolo tsa tlhaho, litsebo tse sebelitsoeng, mosebetsi o khethehile libakeng tse latelang:
- patlisiso le pholoso;
- patlo ea lehloa la lithaba;
- mosebetsi oa ka oa ho batla;
- batla litopo;
- ho pholosa batho hodima metsi;
- batlana le motho ka tsela ya monko.
Tsebo ea tlhaho e lokisitsoeng ts'ebetsong ea koetliso e hlahlojoa ke liteko tse ikhethang, tse qalang ho etsoa le malinyane ho tloha likhoeling tse 3.
Koetliso ea ntja ea pholoso
Litšobotsi tsa tlhaho tsa phoofolo li senoloa ka botlalo tlasa maemo a thuto e nepahetseng, sistimi ea ho ikoetlisa khafetsa. Ho ke ke ha khoneha ho lokisa liphoso tsa mokoetlisi nakong ea malinyane a phoofolo ea lapeng hamorao.
Ts'ebeletso ea lipatlisiso le pholoso ka ho nka karolo ha bathusi ba maoto a mane, mokhoa oa lapeng oa ho koetlisa lintja ke e 'ngoe ea tse ntlehali lefatšeng. Ho ikoetlisetsa lintja ho hlola litšitiso, ho tsamaea kahara lithako, ho sebetsa lefifing le felletseng, maemong a leholimo a mabe. Koetliso e etsoa maemong a lekantsoeng a ho phatloha, likhohola, ho dutla ha mafura, ts'isinyeho ea lefatše.
Lintja li ithuta ho jara liletsa, ho khasa, ho sesa, ho ba le motho ka sekepeng, ka sefofaneng, ka helikopthara. Ho thatafatsa liphoofolo ho etsoa nakong ea maeto a maoto, ho lula bosiu bosiu sebakeng se bulehileng. Koetliso ea ntja ea pholoso e nahana ka nts'etsopele ea mahlale a ho ikoetlisa fatše, ho hlola litšitiso, ho phenyekolla sebaka seo.
Bakeng sa lihlopha, libaka tse fapaneng tse nang le liphallelo tse fapaneng li khethiloe, mojaro o baloa e le hore lintja li se ke tsa sebetsa ho feta tekano, mesebetsi ea ho fumana lintho ka monko o itseng e ntse e thatafala butle butle.
Batsamaisi ba lintja baa tseba hore ho atleha ho batlana le lintho tse rarahaneng tse 1-2 ho sebetsa hantle ho feta tse bonolo tse 10-12. Lintja li putsoa bakeng sa liqeto tse ntle ka litšebeletso tse khethehileng ho boloka ntja e na le thahasello ebile e phehella.
Lintlha tse khahlisang
Mabapi le lintja tsa pholoso hangata ho thoe ba tšoana le mangeloi a balebeli a batho nakong ea likoluoa tsa tlhaho, joalo ka ha a hlaha moo motho a oelang boemong bo se nang tšepo. Ho nka karolelano ea selemo le halofo ho koetlisa mopholosi a le mong ea maoto a mane.
Litsebi ha li hane lintja ka lebaka la molao-motheo oa mofuta ona. "Mongrel" ea nang le talenta o na le bokhoni bo fetang ba lelinyane la ntja le nang le setloholo. Ho khahlisang ke hore, mochini oa ho fumana motho ka monko ha o utloisisoe ka botlalo, ka hona ho ke ke ha khoneha ho nkela ntja sebaka ka sesebelisoa.
Ntja e le 'ngoe ea pholoso e nka sebaka sa lienjineri tsa litsebi tse 20-30. Mosebetsi o atlehang ka ho fetisisa o etsoa ka maru le bosiu - phoofolo e nka monko o monate hamolemo. Ka letsatsi le le leng la ho sebetsa, ntja e khona ho lekola sebaka sa 1 sq. Km.
Lintja tsa ts'ebeletso, ka lebaka la khatello ea maikutlo, ho tsepamisoa mohopolo ho eketsehileng, "ho tlohela mosebetsi" pejana, e ba feela lintho tse ratoang ke beng ba tsona, haeba li lula li phela maemong a mahlonoko. Bophelo ba bahale ba maoto a mane bo khuts'oane ho feta ba mahlahana a lapeng.
Ha ho na thabo e kholo ho ntja e batlisisang ho feta ho pholosa motho ea phelang. Ka 2001, kamora ho putlama ha Twin Towers, lintja tsa ts'ebeletso li ile tsa feta hara khatello ea maikutlo le batho - ha lia ka tsa fumanoa li ntse li phela. Ka bomalimabe, liphoofolo ha li na tokelo ea ho fuoa likhau, empa tlotla e pholositsoeng e ntša lintja tsohle tse ikhethang.
Mohlala, baahi ba Beslan ba hopola Labrador Bernie le mopholosi Alexei Bochkarev, baahi ba Kazan kamora mollo setsing sa mabenkele sa Admiral - molisa oa Belgian Fartou, ea ileng a chesoa empa a ntse a sebetsa. Lintja tsa pholoso setšoantšong hopotsa motho e mong le e mong ka bosholu molemong oa bophelo ba motho. Mohlomong, tsena ke tsona feela libopuoa tse ratang batho ho feta bona.
