Tlhaloso ea li-mushroom e le mofuta oa boriba le phapang lipakeng tsa mofuta ona le Boletus ha e hlake ebile e baka likhang. Li-flywheels ke motsoako o sa tšoaneng oa lihlopha le mefuta e mengata. Lihlopha tsena li arohane ka bongata ka likarolo tse fapaneng tsa anatomical le likarolo tse ling. Hape, lipatlisiso tsa morao-rao tse entsoeng ke li-mycologists li bontša hore li-mushroom ha li tsoe ho moholo-holo a le mong oa fungus.
Etymology ea lebitso "flywheel"
Lihlahisoa tsa litholoana tsa mofuta ona li lula makhulong a koahetsoeng ke boriba ka har'a semela se kopaneng le se kopaneng. Batho ba khethang li-mushroom ba bokella li-mushroom ho tloha mathoasong a selemo ho fihlela serame sa pele. Hoo e ka bang li-mushroom tsohle tsa mofuta ona lia jeoa, mokhelo feela ke liboko tsa bohata.
Tlhaloso ea li-mushroom tsa flywheel
Li-flywheels tse tsoang mokhoeng o fapaneng li na le litšobotsi tse ikhethileng tsa tlhaho, empa kaofela li arolelana litšobotsi tse latelang:
Katiba
E batla e omme ebile e velvety. Letlalong le peperane lipapisong tse butsoitseng haholo. Boholo ba cap, bo ipapisitse le boemo ba bophelo, empa ha bo fete 9 cm.
Makhasi ao
'Mala o hlaha sebakeng sa marang-rang. 'Mele o lula o soeufala, o ba mosehla, o fetoha o mofubelu, o ba putsoa mefuteng e mengata.
Hymenophore
Li-pores tsa li-tubules li pharalletse, li bonts'a bofubelu, ho tloha mosehla ho isa bosehla bo bosehla. Kamora tšenyo, li-tubules li ba putsoa.
Leoto
Boreleli bo ipapisitse le mefuta, e ponne kapa e boreleli, kutu e hola ho fihla ho 8 cm e phahameng.
Setempe se nang le ngangisano
Moriti o ipapisitse le mofuta.
Li-mushroom tse jeoang
Lelapeng la Boletov li-mushroom li na le mong ka bona - li-mushroom tsa boletus. Batho ba bokella li-flywheels tse latelang bakeng sa lijo:
- fapana;
- khubelu;
- tala;
- Sepolishe;
- bosehla bo bosehla.
Mosswheel botala
E fumanoa haholo tlasa lifate tse sephara, pheletsong ea masimo a coniferous, moo birch le moluoane li holang teng.
Kaha li-mushroom ha li na litšobotsi tse ikhethang, tlhahlobo e bonolo ea lik'hemik'hale e thusa ho khetholla ka nepo mofuta oa mofuta oa Green flywheel: cap, e fetoha bofubelu bo khanyang haeba ho sebelisoa lerotholi la ammonia ea lapeng.
Sebaka
Nonyana e tala e fumaneha libakeng tse ngata tsa kontinenteng ea Europe, Asia le Amerika Leboea, Australia.
Katiba
Ho li-mushroom tse nyane, e hemispherical ebile e pubescent, e ba boreleli 'me ka linako tse ling e petsohe ha mmele o behang litholoana o butsoa, nama e mosehla e pepesoa ka tlasa cuticle.
Ha li buleloa ka botlalo, likhele tsa likepisi li ba sootho kapa mohloaare, ka bophara ba cm 4 ho isa ho 8 ka likhahla tse sa lekanang, tse sa sisinyeheng.
Li-tubules le masoba
E na le 'mala o mosehla oa chrome, e fifala ka lilemo, li-tubules li khomaretse leoto. Ha li robile, li-pores (empa eseng ka mehlala eohle) li ba putsoa, ebe sebaka sena se ba sootho.
Leoto
E koahetsoe joalo ka cap, kapa e fifetse hanyane, ka linako tse ling e kobeha hanyane botlaaseng mme e hola ho ea capeng. Nama ea kutu ha e fetole mmala haholo kapa e fetoha khubelu hanyane ha e seoa le ho pepesetsoa moea. 1 ho 2 cm bophara, bolelele ba 4 ho isa ho 8 cm.
Spore e hatisitsoeng ka sootho ea mohloaare. Monko / tatso ha e khetholle.
Karolo ea bolulo le tikoloho
Fungus ena ea mycorrhizal e hlaha ka bonngoe kapa ka lihlopha tse nyane tlasa lifate tse nang le mahlaku a mangata lirapeng tsa boikhathollo le merung e kopaneng, haholo mobu oa lejoe la mokoetla.
Flywheel e tala ha ho pheoa
Boletus e jeoa, empa ha e ratoe haholo. E eketsoa li-mushroom tse ling ka lijana, tse omisitsoeng ebe li bolokoa hore li tle li sebelisoe hamorao.
Flywheel bosehla bo sootho
Li-mushroom tsena tse bonolo li kotuloa ho tloha kapa haufi le liluloana tsa phaene, mme hangata hara heather. E hola ka dihlotshwana, eseng malapa. Li-pores tsa li-specimens tse nyane li hlahisa marotholi a lebese. Ha maemo a leholimo a le mongobo, likepisi lia manama hanyane, ha li boreleli.
Sebaka
K'honthinenteng ea Europe, nonyana e fofang e sootho e bosootho hangata e fumaneha karolong e ka Leboea, haufinyane le boroa e ba e sa tloaelehang le ho feta, leha leqhubu le atolohela Asia. Mofuta ona o fumaneha le likarolong tsa Amerika Leboea.
Katiba
Mmala o mosehla o mosehla o bosehla bo sootho ka 'mala, bokaholimo bo lula bo omme ka linako tsohle (ntle le ha boemo ba leholimo bo le metsi), bo boreleli kapa bo bobebe, bo hola ho fihla ho 4-10 cm ka bophara mme bo lula bo kobehile. Nama e bosehla bo bosehla ebile e bonolo; e ba putsoa ha e sehiloe.
Li-tubules le masoba
Maroba a 'mala oa mosetareta o sa lekanngoe hanyane o qetella ka masoba a' mala oa mohloaare, o nkang sinamone le lithane tsa mosetareta ha li butsoitse ka botlalo.
Leoto
Hanyenyane khonvekse lehlaka-bosehla bakoang le ha ho na lesale kapa annular libaka. Ha e sehiloe, nama e 'mala o mosehla oa kutu ha e fetole mmala haholo.
Setempe se nang le ngangisano
Ocher kapa Isinna Brown. Monko ha o khetholle, tatso e mpe e bolila.
Mossy bosehla bo bosehla ha o pheha
Lijo tse jeoang, leha ho le joalo, li na le tatso ea tšepe le monko o monate ha li phehiloe.
Ho lumeloa hore e khopisa mpa. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa hore u hlatsoe likepisi, u tlose lera la li-tubules, u phehe hantle ebe, joalo ka ha ho na le li-mushroom tse ling tse jeoang tse lekiloeng lekhetlo la pele, ja likaroloana tse nyane ho fihlela u netefatsa hore ha ho na litlamorao.
Flywheel khubelu
Fungus e ntle ea ectomycorrhizal e hola mobung o nonneng tlasa lifate tse hlohlorang, haholo-holo e rata beech le oak, e ikatisa ka lihlopha, ho fapana le ho ikhethela, e fumanoang metseng e merung, mehlapeng, mehlapeng, lirapeng tsa boikhathollo le lirapeng.
Sebaka
Li-mushroom, tse sa tloaelehang kapa tse sieo ka botlalo libakeng tse ka Leboea, li khetha boemo ba leholimo bo futhumetseng ba Europe, bo hlaha ka lihlopha tsa lipapiso tsa 3 ho isa ho 10.
Katiba
Bophara ho tloha ho 3 ho isa ho 8 cm, e pharalletseng, ebe e batalatsoa, ka linako tse ling e na le khatello ea maikutlo e nyane. Ho li-mushroom tse nyane, e sekareleta, e fetohang ho 'mala o holileng, o bofubelu ba mohloaare ka mola o mosehla o mosehla. Bokaholimo bo omme ebile bo boreleli, ke ka seoelo bo petsohang esita le li-mushroom tsa khale.
Li-tubules le masoba
Li-tubules li mosehla o mosehla, li-pores li mosehla oa lemone, li botala ka lilemo. Ha li senyehile, li-pores le li-tubes li fetoha tse putsoa butle-butle.
Leoto
E bolelele ba 4 ho isa ho 8 cm, 4 ho 8 mm bophara, cylindrical, bosehla bo khanyang kaholimo mme butle-butle e fetoha khubelu ho leba botlaaseng. Nama e bosehla bo sootho, e ba bosehla bo tebileng botlaaseng ebe e ba putsoa ha e sehiloe.
Spore e hatisitsoeng ka sootho ea mohloaare. Monko o monate o monate, ha o phatlalatsoe tatso (sesepa se senyenyane).
Red flywheel ha u pheha
Li-mushroom tsena tse nyane hangata li na le liboko ha motho a le moholo. Latsoang le monko o tlase ha li lokele ho pheha kapa ho hadika. Li-mushroom li nkiloe ka bongata kapa li omisitsoe, li sebelisoa hammoho le li-mushroom tse ling.
Moss e bentšitsoeng
E tsamaisoa ka meru ea phaene le phaene, hape e hlaha tlasa lifate tsa eike, li-beeches, li-chestnut le lifate tse ling tse ngata tse nang le makhasi a sephara.
Kamora nako ea lehlabula le hoetla ke nako e ka sehloohong ea ho tsoma li-mushroom tse jeoang, tse latsoang le li-mushroom tsa porcini, hangata ha li na le liboko, leha sekhele sa cap se buloa ka botlalo.
Sebaka
Boriba ba Poland ke mofuta o tloaelehileng maemong a leholimo a leholimo a Europe le Amerika Leboea. Ha e atise ho hola ka lihlopha tsa mefuta e fetang e 'meli kapa e meraro; tlasa lifate tsa khale tsa phaene ho fumanoa li-mushroom tse 4-5.
Katiba
E kholo, e boreleli bo sootho kapa chestnut, e phatlalalitsoeng hanyane ka li-mushroom tse sa butsoang. E hola ho fihla ho 5-15 cm bophara, e na le nama e tiileng, e sootho, e ba putsoa ha e sehiloe.
Nama
Nama ea cap le kutu e soeufetse kapa ka linako tse ling e na le 'mala o bosehla qalong ea bophelo ba fofoli ea Poland, e thunya ka kotloloho ka tlasa sekoaelo sa cap, ebe e fetoha putsoa hanyane sebakeng hang kaholimo ho methapo le ka holim'a leoto.
Tubules
'Mala o mosehla o mosehla, o soeufala ha o sehiloe, o qetella o le masobana a' mala o mosehla o mosehla (hoo e ka bang kamehla) o fetolang botala bo boputswa ha o sehiloe. Phetoho ea 'mala e hlaha kapele mme e bonahala haholo ho li-mushroom tse holileng,' me haeba u ama li-pores, letšoao le letšo le letšo le tla sala matsohong a hau.
Leoto
Leoto le sootho le koahetsoe ka likhoele tse ntle tsa k'hothone tse le fang ponahalo e metenya. Ha ho na selikalikoe, bophara ba eona bo batla bo le tlase, leha kutu e lula e kobehile hanyane, haholoholo pela setsi. 2 ho isa 3 cm bophara, 5 ho isa 15 cm ka bolelele. Nama e tšoeu kapa sirilamunu e bosootho bo bosehla ha e sehiloe.
Spore e hatisitsoeng ka sootho ea mohloaare. Tatso e bonolo ea li-mushroom, eseng monko o ikhethang.
Moss e bentsa ha u pheha
Li-mushroom li kholo ebile li na le nama. Ho risepe efe kapa efe, li-mushroom tsa porcini li nkeloa sebaka ke li-mushroom tsa Poland, mme ba jang ha ba tsebe ka tatso hore ho etsahetse ntho e 'ngoe. Li-mushroom tsena li omisitsoe bakeng sa polokelo, li sehiloe ka likotoana tse tšesaane tse emeng, ebe li hoamisoa hore li tle li sebelisoe hamorao.
Motse oa motley
Ke mofuta o sa tloaelehang kontinenteng ea Europe. Boriba ba motley bo fumanoa tlasa li-conifers, empa ka linako tse ling boeches.
Katiba
Mebala e sa tebang, e bosootho bo bosehla kapa bosootho, e petsoha, e senola lera le lesesaane la nama e khubelu tlasa letlalo. Bophara ba 4 ho isa ho 10 cm, ha e butsoe ka botlalo, nama e ntle e ba putsoa ha e khaoloa.
Li-tubules le masoba
Methapo e mosehla e fella ka pores e kholo, e sekono, e bosehla ba sirilamunu e fetolang mohloaare o litšila ka lilemo. Ha e ruruhile, masoba a batho ba holileng tsebong butle-butle a ba putsoa bo botala.
Leoto
Ha e na lerata, e mosehla o khanyang e nang le likhoele tse khubelu tsa likorale tse fanang ka ponahalo ea rhubarb. Ha e sehiloe, nama ea kutu e fetoha e khubelu ka tlase ho khetla e kantle, libakeng tse ling e boreleli, ha e fetohe e putsoa. Ho tloha ho 10 ho isa ho 15 mm bophara le ho tloha 4 ho isa ho 8 cm ka bolelele, bophara boa tšoana ka bolelele bohle.
Spore e hatisitsoeng ka sootho ea mohloaare. Monko / tatso ha e khetholle.
Motley moss ha a pheha
Mehlala ea batho ba holileng tsebong ha e na lithahasello tse ngata tsa ho iphelisa ka lebaka la sebopeho sa bona se bosesane. Li-mushroom lia jeoa haeba li phehiloe hantle.
Lifofane tsa bohata
Likokoana-hloko tsa Flywheel
Ha e na chefo, e babang, e sa thabiseng tatso, e hola masaleng a pseudo-raincoat e nang le bohloeki. Katiba e bophahamo ba lisenthimithara tse 5, ha e fetohe e putsoa ha e senyehile.
Li-mushroom tsa chestnut
Bosootho bo bofubelu, khorofo, bophara ba 8 cm, ha e fetole mmala ha e sehiloe. Leoto-silindara sa 3.5 x 3 cm ho bapisa cap. Flywheel ena e jeoa, empa feela ka mor'a ho belisoa le ho omisoa. Ebe ho baba hoa nyamela.
Li-mushroom tse nang le 'mele
Leoto le leholohali le tšoana le leoto la li-mushroom tsa porcini. Bophara ba capu ea seponche e ka ba lisenthimithara tse 7. Nama e khubelu e latsoa bohloko, e chesa leleme. Li-arthropods ha li je kapa ho beha liboko ho li-mushroom tsena.
Li-mushroom tsa pepere
Kepisi e bosootho bo bobebe, e khopo, e bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 7. Nama e lokolohile, e mosehla, e khubelu ha e sehiloe, ka tatso ea pepere e babang. Leoto le kobehile, ke la selindara, 'mala o bapisa cap, le mosehla fatše.
Matšoao a chefo ka li-flywheels tsa bohata
Li-mushroom tsohle tsa bohata ha li na chefo, ha li bolaoe ke ts'ebeliso ea tsona. Li latsoeha habohloko, ka hona batho ba tšela li-mushroom tsa bohata 'me ha ba je tse ka har'a poleiti, leha ba ka qetella ba le ka sejaneng.
Haeba motho e mong le e mong a ja fofa ea bohata, e tla baka masapo a mala. Kalafo - ho hlatsoa ka mpeng, ho noa ha li-sorbents.
Melemo ea bophelo bo botle ba sefofane ke efe
Ke li-mushroom tse nang le likhalori tse tlase tse nang le boleng bo tlase ba phepo, empa lihlahisoa tse phahameng tsa lioli, tse nolofalletsang ho ts'oaroa ha lijo tse fanoang hammoho le li-mushroom.
Flywheels e boloka molybdenum, tšepe e kenelletseng lits'ebetsong tse ngata 'meleng. Hape, 'mele ea litholoana e na le:
- vithamine A;
- khalsiamo;
- lioli tsa bohlokoa;
- li-enzyme.
Meriana ea setso, li-mushroom li sebelisoa ho phekola lits'ebetso tsa ho ruruha 'meleng. Litsebi tsa mycologists li sibollotse lithibela-mafu tsa tlhaho nameng ea li-mushroom.
Lifofane tse fofang li lokela ho qojoa neng
Likatiba tsa agaric ea fofa le agheric ea panther fly lia tšoana. Ka li-mushroom tse chefo, ke lamellar, ka har'a li-flyworms, e na le maqhubu. Ka hona, haeba ho se na boiphihlelo ba ho khetholla li-mushroom, ho molemo hore o se ke oa khetha li-mushroom haeba o sa utloisise litšobotsi tsa morpholoji ea li-mushroom.
Joalo ka mefuta e meng, li-mushroom li thata tšilong ea motho ea lijo, leha a qeta ho pheha. Li mpefatsa maloetse a ka mpeng le sebeteng, ho hanana le lijo. Bana ha ba na li-enzyme tsa ho sila lijo tsa li-mushroom, eseng li-mushroom feela.
Qoba ho hloekisoa ha li-mushroom haufi le litsela, limela tsa indasteri, le litselana haufi le masimo a temo. Li-flywheels li bokella habonolo lintho tse kotsi ebe lia li boloka le ha li lokisitsoe ka hloko.
Ho kotula boriba
Li-mushroom li ke ke tsa bolokoa li le ncha nako e telele, li senyeha kapele. Ho boloka kotulo bakeng sa mariha, li-mushroom li hoamisoa, ho hokoa kapa ho omisoa.
