Hamsters (Crsetinae) ke litoeba tsa lelapa la Khomyakov. Li nyane ka boholo, li motenya ka molao oa motheo, litoeba tse nang le maoto le matsoho a makhuts'oane, litsebe tse nyane le mohatla o khuts'oane o ikhethang.
Seo u lokelang ho se batla ha u reka
Ha u khetha le ho reka phoofolo ea lapeng joalo ka hamster, ho hlokahala hore u etse tlhahlobo e hlokolosi ea phoofolo:
- Pele ho tsohle, o hloka ho hlahloba mahlo, a lokelang ho ba a thabileng, a phetseng hantle 'me a phatsime, a sa ngoapee ntle le ho tsoa mali;
- hape o hloka ho lekola anus. Ho potoloha sekoti, boea ha boa lokela ho silafatsoa ke liphiri, hobane maemong ana ho ka etsahala hore motho a be le lets'ollo le lelelele ka phoofolo, e leng se bakiloeng ke ho se nepahale hoa phepo feela, empa le ke mafu a tšoaetsanoang kapa a somatic;
- hara tse ling, seaparo se tlameha ho hlahlojoa ka hloko, se tlamehang ho ba le junifomo, e benyang, e boreleli kapa e boreleli, e shebahale hantle ka botlalo.
Kamora hore tlhahlobo ea kantle ea hamster e phetheloe, phoofolo e lokela ho nkuoa ka bonolo matsohong a hau mme e utloe ka bonolo:
- Mpa ea phoofolo ea lapeng e lokela ho thatafala le ho ba boima, e se na likoti, e sa u lumelleng ho utloa likhopo tse hlahelletseng;
- ka kutlo ea letsoho, ho bonolo haholo ho tseba libaka tsa mengoapo kapa ho longoa, tse atisang ho fumaneha sebakeng sa lumbar kapa haufi le sacrum.
Har'a tse ling, ke feela ka ho nka hamster, o ka qala ho tseba sebapali sa eona le maikutlo a sona ho batho. Phoofolo e tlameha ho bonts'a thahasello e kholo, 'me e se ke ea loma, ea ngoapa kapa ea hula matsoho.
Hoa thahasellisa!Pele o reka hamster, o hloka ho tseba lilemo tsa eona. Khetho e ntle ka ho fetesisa e ka ba ho reka phoofolo e nang le khoeli le halofo, e ikamahanyang kapele le tikoloho ea eona e ncha.
Melao ea mantlha ea ho boloka hamster
Ho boloka li-hamsters, leha ho bonahala ho le bonolo ebile ho le bonolo, ketsahalo e thata haholo... Ho lokela ho hopoloa hore taelo e thehiloeng ke hamster ka hokong ea hae ha ea tlameha ho tloloa le ha ho le joalo. Cage e nang le phoofolo ea lapeng e lokela ho kenngoa sebakeng se se nang khanya ea letsatsi le meralo kapa mongobo o phahameng.
Bakeng sa tlhokomelo e nepahetseng, mong'a phoofolo e joalo ea lapeng o hloka feela ho etsa lits'ebetso tsa mantlha tsa bohloeki, ho kenyelletsa ho hlatsoa phepelo, ho hloekisa ntloana le ho nchafatsa matlakala ha ho hlokahala. Ho bohlokoa ho hopola hore ka ho etsa li-rearrangement tse ling ka hokong ea litoeba, o ka tsosa khatello e kholo ea phoofolo.
Hoa thahasellisa!Ha ho khothaletsoe hore khafetsa u fetole sebaka sa cage le hamster, hobane "ho tsamaea" joalo, joalo ka molao, ho na le phello e mpe ho psyche ea phoofolo ea lapeng, mme ho tlosoa ka mokhoa o hlophisehileng ha litoeba ka ntle ho ntlo ke mohopolo o sa thabiseng ka ho felletseng.
Tlhophiso ea bolulo, sebaka sa bolulo
Phoofolo efe kapa efe e ruuoang e hloka lehae la eona, le bonolo ebile le phutholohile, 'me maemo a bophelo ka tlung e joalo a lokela ho ba haufi haholo le sebaka sa bona sa tlhaho. Ka sebele, maemo a ntlo ea hamster a na le lithibelo tse itseng, empa mong'a boikarabello o tla lula a leka ho fa phoofolo ea lapeng bophelo bo botle. Ha u khetha lesaka, ho bohlokoa haholo ho nahana ka boholo, hammoho le palo ea liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng le litloaelo tsa bona.
Litsebi li supile boholo ba lesaka le lenyane le loketseng ho boloka hamster hae - 50x30 cm, e hlalositsoeng ke ts'ebetso e eketsehileng ea makoloi ea phoofolo e joalo. Tlas'a maemo a tlhaho, hamster e khona ho matha lik'hilomithara tse fetang leshome ka letsatsi, 'me khaello e matla ea ho sisinyeha kapa ho se ikoetlise e ka ama bophelo ba litoeba hampe, ea baka ts'oaetso ea botena kapa lefu la pelo le methapo.
Bohlokoa haholo bo khomaretse melamu nakong e tlang ea bolulo ba hamster... Ha lia lokela ho beoa ka tsela e emeng 'me li na le sebaka se sephara kapa se sephara lipakeng tsa tsona. Bakeng sa li-hamsters tse nyane, sebaka se lipakeng tsa makala se behiloe kahare ho 3-5mm, mme bakeng sa li-hamsters tsa Syria, lekhalo le sa feteng 8-10mm le lekane. Ho lokela ho ba le mekato e 'meli kapa ho feta ka hokong e tloaelehileng, bonyane kotara ea mithara e phahameng mme e se ke ea feta 30-35cm. Ho arola fatše, lishelefo tse khethehileng tsa polasetiki lia tlameha, eseng metheo ea lekhoakhoa.
Tse tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa ke masaka a tšepe a nang le likhutlo tse tiileng tse tlase le tse chitja kapa pane e tloahelehileng. Monyako o lokela ho bulela holimo mme o be le latch ea boleng bo holimo. Ho bonolo haholo ho sebelisa meaho e nang le karolo e tlosoang ea siling, e etsang hore ho be bonolo ho hloekisa lesaka khafetsa. Lilemong tsa morao tjena, beng ba li-hamster tsa malapeng ba rekile matlo a li-plexiglass, a koahetsoeng ka lekhoakhoa le khethehileng.
Bohlokoa! Hopola hore masaka a manyane a loketse hantle bakeng sa ho boloka mefuta e menyenyane ea li-hamsters hae, ha bakeng sa Basyria u tla hloka ho fumana bolulo bo boholo bo nang le moropa o moholo.
Ntle le lebili le tloaelehileng ka hokong ea hamster, o hloka ho beha lere le li-cubes tse fapaneng, bolo e tsamaeang, hammoho le patsi e sireletsehileng le likotoana tsa patsi. Ntlo e nyane e entsoeng ka polasetiki ea tlholeho kapa patsi e sebetsitsoeng hantle e sebelisoa haholo joalo ka setšabelo sa phoofolo.
Likarolo tsa phepo ea Hamster
Karolo ea bohlokoa ea phepo e tloaelehileng ea litoeba e lokela ho ba lijo tse khethehileng tse reretsoeng ho fepa hamster. Lijo tsena tse seng li loketse ho jeoa li fumaneha ka sebopeho sa granular kapa ka metsoako e thehiloeng peo ho fa phoofolo ea lapeng limatlafatsi tse hlokahalang kholong e felletseng le kholo.
Re lokela ho hopola hore ho sa tsotelehe mofuta, li-hamster li thata haholo ho mamella liphetoho tse kholo lijong tsa tsona, ka hona ho kgothaletswa hore o reke lijo tse tšoanang, empa li leka-lekane hantle ebile li felletse. Ho fetisetsa mofuta o mong oa lijo ho etsoa hantle haholo, ho feta libeke tse 'maloa. Linaoa, eiee, litapole, litlhōrō tsa rhubarb le langa le le lej, hammoho le chokolete le lipompong leha e le life, linoko le likhekhe li hanetsoe ka ho khetheha bakeng sa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng.
Lijo tse ling tse phetseng hantle ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa litoeba tsa lapeng li kenyelletsa meroho e kang turnips, lihoete, chicory, spinach, parsley, mokopu, endive le cauliflower.
Broccoli, linaoa tse tala le asparagase, morara o omisitsoeng, liapole le lipere, plums le liperekisi le tsona li na le phello e ntle bophelong ba hamster.... Ho boloka meno a le maemong a matle le ho fa 'mele oa litoeba likarolo tsohle tse hlokahalang, ho kgothaletswa ho sebelisa litene tse khethehileng tsa liminerale. Hape, linoelo tse khethehileng tsa ho noa li hlile li kentsoe ka mokoting, o atisang ho tlatsoa ka metsi a hloekileng.
Bohlokoa!Ho tlatsa ka potlako lijo tsa phoofolo ea lapeng e mafolofolo ka liprotheine tsa bohlokoa bakeng sa 'mele, protheine ea lehe e phehiloeng ka thata e sebelisoa nako le nako e le tlatsetso ho fepa ea mantlha.
Tlhokomelo ea Hamster le bohloeki
Tlhokomelo e nepahetseng ea hamster ea lapeng e kenyelletsa melao e 'maloa e ikhethang, e latelang:
- khoto ea malapeng e ka bolokoa hantle e le 'ngoe ka hokong e arohaneng le e lekaneng;
- ka kamoreng eo cage e leng ho eona, puso e tloaelehileng ea mocheso le khutso e lekaneng li tlameha ho bonoa;
- ha ua lokela ho kenya letsoho la hau ka mokoting o nang le hamster, kaha khoto e khona ho bona motsamao o joalo e le ts'okelo ho thepa ea hae;
- litoeba, ho boloka matla a tsona a bophelo, li tlameha ho tsamaea haholo, li je tse fapaneng le hantle, hape li robale nako e lekaneng;
- E thibetsoe ka ho feletseng ho otla hamster, hobane tabeng ena phoofolo ea lapeng e tla tšoha 'me e be le khatello e matla ea maikutlo.
Tlhokomelo ea liphoofolo li boetse li kenyelletsa bohloeki ba hamster... Leha e na le ts'ebetso eohle ea eona, lesaka la khalase le tla hloka tlhokomelo e fetang ho mong'a litoeba ho feta ntlo ea setso ea tšepe. Khalase ea khalase e hloka tlhoekiso ea kamehla ea metsi, e etsoang ntle le ts'ebeliso ea lisebelisoa tsa ho hloekisa le lik'hemik'hale. Kamora ho hlatsoa, etsa bonnete ba hore o omisa lesaka hantle letsatsing kapa haufi le lisebelisoa tsa ho futhumatsa.
Mathata a maholohali a hlaha ha ho hloekisoa masaka a sejoale-joale, a nang le likamore tse ngata tse hokahantsoeng ke liphaseji le likotopo. Polasetiki e boreleli le boqapi bo rarahaneng ha bo lumelle phetisetso e felletseng ea tlatso ea bohloeki, le ho hlatsuoa ha marang-rang a boleng bo holimo.
Ka lebaka leo, monko o sa thabiseng o bokellana ka har'a lipeipi, tse amang bophelo ba phoofolo ea lapeng hampe.
Bophelo bo botle, maloetse le thibelo
Ho na le maloetse a 'maloa a ka amang li-hamster tsa ka tlung. Har'a tse tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa ke mafu a bakoang ke livaerase, khaello ea fepa le tšoaetso ea likokoana-hloko.... Haeba sethala sa litho tse shoang litho tsa 'mele se sa tloaelehang haholo ho li-hamster tsa lapeng' me se fella ka lefu, ho na le mafu a 'maloa a tloaelehileng a emeloang ke:
- Boloetse ba Aujeszky ba vaerase, bo amang kapele tsamaiso ea methapo ea lapeng;
- Lefu la Tizzer, le bakang feberu, letšollo, ho felloa ke metsi 'meleng le ho se tsotelle, le fellang ka lefu la phoofolo ea lapeng;
- lefu le tšoaetsanoang Bronchosepticosis, ho qala ka ho tsoa ha serous-mucous nko ka lebaka la sefuba;
- Lefu la Colibacillosis, le bontšitsoeng ke ho fokotseha ha ho tsamaea, ho hana ho ja, hammoho le letshollo la mokokotlo le mokhathala;
- tšoaetso ea lymphocytic choriomeningitis, e kotsi ho batho mme e ke ke ea phekoloa;
- bacterial listerllosis, e tsamaisoang ke marotholi a tsoang moeeng mme e baka lefu la phoofolo;
- kokoana-hloko encephalomyelitis.
Bohlokoa!Bakeng sa boitlhahlobo ba boemo ba bophelo bo botle, o lokela ho ela hloko boits'oaro le takatso ea lijo, mofuta oa phefumoloho le ponahalo ea phoofolo ea lapeng, hammoho le boits'oaro ba mantle a eona. Ha lets'oao la pele la ho kula le lokela ho etela ngaka ea hau ea liphoofolo.
Maloetse a tloaelehileng a kenyelletsa tšoaetso ea paratyphoid ea hamster ea lapeng, kapa salmonellosis, hammoho le pasteurellosis, pneumonia le pseudotuberculosis. Ha ho na le liphoso ha li le tlhokomelong, phoofolo ea lapeng e ka angoa ke kantle kapa ectoparasites, e emeloang ke liboseleise, matsetse le linta, bakeng sa timetso eo tharollo ea 0.5% e ipapisitse le "Bromocyclen" kapa "Netritonate".
Ho ikatisa le bana
Hamsters ke liphoofolo tse ruuoang haholo, tse khonang ho hlahisa lithara tse peli ho isa ho tse 'ne ka selemo.
Nako ya botshehadi ya ho emara e ka nka dibeke tse pedi ho isa ho tse tharo. Ka kakaretso, mefuta e mengata haholo ea litoeba tse joalo e ruuoang e se e loketse ho ikatisa ha e le lilemo tse tharo ho isa ho tse tšeletseng, 'me li-hamster tsa Dzungarian ka linako tse ling e bile pejana ho lilemo tsena.
Leha ho le joalo, litsebi tsohle li eletsa ho qoba ho kopanya li-hamster kapele haholo, kaha nako ea kholo e kholo ea liphoofolo tse joalo e fela ka beke ea bohlano ea bophelo, mme bokhachane nakong ena hangata bo ba sesosa se ka sehloohong sa li-rickets le liphetoho tse ling tse ngata tsa mafu.
Hoa thahasellisa!Joalokaha tloaelo e bontša, basali ba banyane haholo ba li-hamster tsa malapeng, ho sa tsotelehe hore na ke ba mofuta ofe, hangata ba ja bana ba bona ka botlalo, 'me e nepahetseng ka ho fetesisa ke ho nyalana ha ba le likhoeli tse tšeletseng.
Ho bohlokoa haholo ho boloka lekhalo le lekaneng lipakeng tsa ho nyalana, ho tla lumella mosali ho fola nakong ea bokhachane le ho fumana matla. Ka tloaelo, nako e tloaelehileng ea ho ikatisa ke likhoeli tse tharo kapa tse 'ne. Ho bohlokoa ho lekola ka hloko lijo tsa basali ba moimana, haholo-holo bongata ba livithamini, liminerale le limatlafatsi phepong ea letsatsi le letsatsi... Lijo li lokela ho emeloa ke lijo-thollo, litholoana le meroho, mahe a phehiloeng, chisi e nang le mafura a tlase le likokoana-hloko tsa koro.
Li-hamsters tse sa tsoa tsoaloa li tsoaloa li le nyane haholo, li na le lefatla ka botlalo, hape li foufetse ebile ha li utloe, empa ho tloha tsoalong ba khona ho khetholla monko o monate o ba potileng hantle. Masea a hola kapele haholo, ka hona ho eletsoa ho hlokomela hore na li-hamsters tsa khoeli le khoeli li tla hokelloa neng esale pele.
