Argali, kapa pheleu ea thaba (Ovis ammon) ke phoofolo e anyesang e ntle haholo ebile e ntlehali e nang le mahakoe a leloko la likhomo le taelo ea artiodactyl. Phoofolo ena e sa tloaelehang ea liphoofolo e boetse e tsejoa e le argali.
Tlhaloso ea pheleu ea thaba
Argali ke moemeli ea kholo ka ho fetisisa oa sehlopha sa linku tse hlaha.... Ka lebitso la Selatine le khethehileng ammon, ho ka latelloa lebitso la molimo Amun. Ho ea ka tšōmo, tšabo e matla ea Typhon e ile ea qobella baahi ba leholimo ho fetoha liphoofolo tse fapaneng, 'me Amone a ba le ponahalo ea pheleu. Ho latela moetlo oa khale, Amone o ile a hlahisoa e le monna ea nang le manaka a pheleu a maholo a bile a kobehile.
Li-subspecies tsa linku tsa thaba
Mefuta ea linku tsa lithaba kapa lithaba e kenyelletsa li-subspecies tse 'maloa tse ithutiloeng hantle' me li fapane ka chebahalo:
- Altai ram kapa Ovis ammon;
- Anatolian mouflon kapa Ovis ammon anatolisa;
- Linku tsa Bukhara kapa Ovis ammon bosharensis;
- Kazakh argali kapa Ovis ammon colium;
- Gansu argali kapa Ovis ammon dalailamae;
- Linku tsa lithabeng tsa Tibetan kapa Ovis ammon hоdgsоnii;
- Linku tsa lithabeng tsa China Leboea kapa Ovis ammon jubata;
- Linku tsa lithabeng tsa Tien Shan kapa Ovis ammon karelini;
- argali Kozlova kapa Ovis ammon kozlоvi;
- thaba ea karatau ram kapa Ovis ammon nigrimontana;
- Pheleu ea Cyprase kapa Ovis ammon orhion;
- linku tsa thaba Marco Polo kapa Ovis ammon roli;
- Linku tsa lithabeng tsa Kyzylkum kapa Ovis ammon sevеrtzоvi;
- Urmia mouflon kapa Ovis ammon urmiana.
Ho khahlisang haholo ke subspecies tsa argali - Altai kapa linku tsa lithaba tsa Tien Shan. Phoofolo ena e anyesang e nang le likhako tse arohaneng, ea lelapa la pheleu ea likhomo, e na le manaka a matla le a boima haholo. Boima ba manaka a monna e moholo hangata bo fihla ho 33-35 kg. Bolelele ba monna ea holileng ka thobalano ha a pona a ka fapana ho ea ho 70-125 cm, ka bolelele ba 'mele bo ka bang limithara tse peli le boima bo ka bang 70-180 kg.
Bolelele ba mohatla ke lisenthimithara tse 13-14. Bofelo ba molomo oa phoofolo bo bobebe ka 'mala ho feta hlooho le mokokotlo. Palo ea linku tsa lithaba tsa Altai e ka emeloa ke lihlopha tse peli tse kholo: tse tšehali tse nang le bacha le banna ba holileng ka thobalano.
Linonyana tse lithaba tsa Kyzylkum kapa Severtsov's argali le tsona ha li khahlise. Boemo bona ba sebaka sa Kazakhstan ha joale bo kotsing ea ho timela ka botlalo, mme palo ea subspecies ena ha e fete batho ba lekholo. Ovis ammon sеvеrtzоvi e thathamisitsoe ho Red Data Book e sebetsang sebakeng sa Kazakhstan.
Ponahalo ea Argali
Bolelele ba 'mele oa motho e moholo oa argali ke cm 120-200, ka bolelele bo pona ba 90-120 cm le boima bo ka bang 65-180 kg... Ho latela li-subspecies, eseng boholo feela, empa le 'mala oa' mele oa fapana, empa kajeno e kholo ka ho fetisisa ke Pamir argali, kapa pheleu ea thaba Marco Polo, e reheletsoeng lebitso la eona ho tlotla motsamai ea tummeng ea faneng ka tlhaloso ea pele ea phoofolo ena e anyesang, artiodactyl.
Banna le basali ba li-subspecies tsena ba khetholloa ka boteng ba linaka tse telele haholo. Nku e tona ea thabeng e na le manaka a maholohali, a hohelang, a atisang ho ba boima ba liperesente tse 13 tsa boima ba 'mele ba phoofolo. Manaka, a bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 180-190, a sothehile moeeng, 'me lipheletsong tsa tsona li lebile kantle le holimo.
Hoa thahasellisa! Linaka tsa pheleu tsa lithabeng li ratoa haholo ke litsomi ka lilemo tse ngata, ka hona litšenyehelo tsa tsona hangata e ba lidolara tse likete tse 'maloa.
Mmala oa phoofolo ea liphoofolo e nang le artiodactyl e ka fapana haholo, e khetholloang ke litšobotsi tsa subspecies. Hangata, 'mala o emeloa ke mefuta e mengata haholo ho tloha ho lehlabathe le leseli ho ea ho' mala o mosootho o sootho.
Karolo e ka tlase ea 'mele e khetholloa ka mmala o bobebe. Ho na le metopa e bosootho bo loileng mahlakore a 'mele oa pheleu ea thaba, e hlakileng ka ho hlaka e arola karolo e lefifi e kaholimo ea' mele le karolo e tlase e bobebe. Meno le mokokotlo li lula li le 'mala o bobebe.
Sebopeho se ikhethang sa 'mala oa pheleu e tona ea thaba ke boteng ba selikalikoe se ikhethang, se emeloang ke boea bo bobebe mme se lutse molaleng oa phoofolo, hammoho le boteng ba boea bo bolelele sebakeng sa nape. Phoofolo e anyesang e nang le manaka a nang le manaka a halofo e nang le manaka e tšolla makhetlo a 'maloa ka selemo,' me boea ba mariha bo na le 'mala o bobebe le bolelele bo boholo ha bo bapisoa le sekoahelo sa lehlabula. Maoto a pheleu ea thaba a phahame haholo ebile a masesaane haholo, ao, hammoho le manaka a ikharang, e leng phapang e kholo ea mefuta ho tsoa pōli ea thaba (Sarra).
Bohlokoa! Ha bophelo bo le kotsing, phoofolo e seng e le kholo e qala ho honotha ka mafolofolo le ka lentsoe le phahameng, 'me bacha ba lla joalo ka likonyana tsa nku e ruuoang.
Mokhoa oa bophelo le boitšoaro
Lipheleu tsa lithabeng ke tsa sehlopha sa liphoofolo tse khetholloang ka ho lula fatše. Mariha le lehlabula, liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa artiodactyl li etsa se bitsoang ho phalla ho emeng. Ka qaleho ea nako ea lehlabula, lipheleu tsa lithaba tsa argali li kopantsoe ka mehlape e batlang e le menyenyane, e nang le lihlooho tse fetang mashome a mararo, 'me mariha mohlape o joalo o holisoa haholo mme o khona ho kenyelletsa liphoofolo tse makholo a' maloa tsa lilemo tse fapaneng.
Sehlopha sa linku tsa thabeng se ka emeloa ke mokhatlo oa basali le liphoofolo tse nyane, hammoho le lihlopha tse arohaneng tsa bachelor. Tse tona tse hodileng ka thobalano di khona ho fula ka thoko ho mohlape kaofela. Joalokaha tloaelo ea ho lemoha nako e telele e bontša, lipheleu tse kopaneng ka har'a mohlape o le mong li itšoara ka mamello le ho ba botsoalle e mong ho e mong.
Hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore, joalo ka molao, lipheleu tse baholo ha li fane ka thuso ho beng ka tsona, leha ho le joalo, boits'oaro ba setho se seng le se seng sa mohlape bo beiloe leihlo ka hloko, 'me boteng ba alamo e hlahisoang ke pheleu e le' ngoe, mohlape oohle o emela ho bona le ho bona kapa ho itšireletsa.
Lipheleu tse hlaha tsa lithabeng li khetholloa e le liphoofolo tse anyesang tse hlokolosi haholo ebile li bohlale, tse khonang ho lekola tikoloho eohle e li potileng khafetsa. Ha matšoao a pele a kotsi a le teng, argali retreat ho leba ntlheng e tla ba bobebe ho fihlella bakeng sa ho lelekisoa ke lira. Ka bokhoni ba ho hloa mafika, linku tsa thaba li tlase hanyane hanyane ho poli ea thaba.
Phoofolo e joalo e nang le likhako tse arohaneng ha e khone ho tsamaea libakeng tse phahameng, hape e tseba ho tlola ka mokhoa o fokolang le ka mokhoa o bonolo libakeng tse majoe. Leha ho le joalo, bophahamo bo bolelele ba ho tlola bo fihla ho limithara tse 'maloa,' me bolelele bo ka ba limithara tse ka bang hlano. Mosebetsi o moholo oa linku tsa thaba ea likhomo o hlokomeloa ka mathoasong a hoseng, 'me motšehare liphoofolo li ea ho phomola ka bongata, moo li hlafuna chepisi ha li paqame. Argali e khetha ho fula hoseng ho pholileng hoseng le mantsiboea.
Arali e phela lilemo tse kae
Nako e tloaelehileng ea bophelo ea nku ea thaba kapa argali e ka fapana haholo ho latela lintlha tse ngata tsa kantle, ho kenyeletsoa le sebaka sa kabo. Empa, e le molao, maemong a tlhaho, phoofolo e anyesang e nang le methapo e nang le methapo e ka phela lilemo tse fetang leshome kapa tse leshome le metso e 'meli.
Bolulo le libaka tsa bolulo
Mountain argali phela, e le molao, maralleng le libakeng tse lithaba Asia Bohareng le Bohareng, e nyolohelang bophahamong ba limithara tse 1,3-6.1 tse likete kaholimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle. Phoofolo e anyesang e nang le bokooa e lula lithabeng tsa Himalaya, Pamirs le Tibet, hammoho le Altai le Mongolia. Haufinyane tjena, mefuta ea liphoofolo tse joalo tse nang le litlhako tse arohaneng e ne e pharalletse haholo, 'me lithaba tsa lithaba li fumanoe haholo karolong e ka boroa ea Siberia Bophirima le Bochabela, hammoho le karolong e ka boroa-bophirima ho Yakutia.
Hajoale, tikoloho ea argali e ipapisitse le litšobotsi tsa subspecies:
- subspecies Ovis ammon ammon e fumaneha lits'ebetsong tsa lithaba tsa Gobi le Mongolia Altai, hammoho le litoropo ka bo mong le libaka tse phoroselang sebakeng sa Eastern Kazakhstan, South-Eastern Altai, South-Western Tuva le Mongolia;
- subspecies Ovis ammon colllium e fumanoa Lithabeng tsa Kazakh, karolong e ka leboea ea Balkhash, Kalbinskiy Altai, Tarbagatai, Monrak le Saur;
- subspecies Ovis ammon hоdgsonii e fumaneha sehlabeng sa Tibetane le Himalaya, ho kenyeletsoa Nepal le India;
- subspecies Ovis ammon karelini e fumaneha Kazakhstan, hammoho le Kyrgyzstan le China;
- subspecies Ovis ammon roli e lula naheng ea Tajikistan le Kyrgyzstan, China le Afghanistan;
- Li-subspecies tsa Ovis ammon jubata li lula libakeng tse kholo tsa lihlaba tsa Tibetan;
- Li-subspecies tsa Ovis ammon sevеrtzovi li lula karolong e ka bophirima ea lithaba tsa Kazakhstan, hammoho le libaka tse ling naheng ea Uzbekistan.
Linku tsa lithabeng li khetha libaka tse bulehileng, li li lumella ho lelera matsoapong a lithaba le libakeng tse majoe, hammoho le makhulo a joang a lithaba, a tletse lihlahla tse makhasi. Phoofolo e anyesang e nang le mahaba e arohaneng hangata e fumanoa likhohlong tse majoe le liphuleng tse nang le majoe a majoe... Argali e leka ho qoba libaka tse khetholloang ke meru e teteaneng ea limela. Karolo e ikhethang ea li-subspecies tsohle ke ho falla ha linako tse ling ka linako tse ling.
Hoa thahasellisa! Lehlabula, argali e nyolohela libakeng tsa lebanta la alpine, e nang le limela tse ncha tse nang le litlama, 'me mariha, liphoofolo, ho fapana le hoo, li theohela sebakeng sa makhulo se nang le lehloa le lenyane.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa pheleu ea thaba
Ho lira tse kholo tsa argali, liphiri li lula sebakeng sa pele ka bohlokoa. Ho tsoma ha sebata sena ka liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa artiodactyl ho baka tšenyo e kholo ho baahi, hobane lipheleu tsa lithabeng li khetha ho lula libakeng tse bulehileng ka ho fetesisa le tse nang le ponahalo e ntle.
Hape, palo ea batho ba argali e fokotsehile haholo ka lebaka la lira tsa tlhaho tsa linku tsa thaba tse kang lengau la lehloa, lengau, khokanyana, cheetah, ntsu le ntsu ea khauta. Har'a tse ling, linku tsa thabeng li ntse li tsongoa ka mafolofolo ke batho ba bolaeang liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nang le khōla e le hore ba ntše nama, matlalo le manaka a turang.
Lijo tsa Argali
Lipheleu tse hlaha tsa lithabeng li hlaha sehlopheng sa limela tse jang limela, ke ka hona lijo tsa mantlha tsa li-artiodactyl li emeloang ke limela tse fapaneng tsa herbaceous, tse tsebahalang ka sebaka le sebaka seo subspecies e leng teng. Ho latela liphuputso tse ngata tsa mahlale, likhomo tsa likhomo li khetha lijo-thollo ho fapana le mefuta efe kapa efe ea lijo tsa limela.
Hoa thahasellisa!Li-subspecies tsohle ha li na boikokobetso, ka hona, ntle le lijo-thollo, li ja sedge le hodgepodge ka thabo e kholo ebile li ngata haholo.
Phoofolo ea phoofolo e anyesang e nang le likhako ha e tšabe maemo a leholimo a mabe le pula e nang le leholimo, ka hona e ja limela tse nang le lero esita le nakong ea lipula tse matla. Ho fumaneha ha metsi bakeng sa nku ea thabeng ha se ntho ea bohlokoa ea letsatsi le letsatsi, ka hona phoofolo e joalo e kanna ea se noe nako e telele ka khutso. Haeba ho hlokahala, argali e khona ho noa le metsi a letsoai.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Nakoana pele ho ho kopana, lipheleu tsa thaba li kopane ka mehlape e menyenyane ea lihlooho tse ka bang leshome le metso e mehlano. Khōlo ea thobalano ho basali ba basali e hlaha selemong sa bobeli sa bophelo, empa bokhoni ba liphoofolo ba ho ikatisa bo fumanoa feela ha bo le lilemo li peli. Pheleu e tona ya thabeng e hola ka thobalano ha e le dilemo tse pedi, empa phoofolo e nka karolo e mafolofolo ya ho ikatisa hamorao haholo, ho tloha lilemong tse ka bang hlano.
Ho fihlela lilemong tsena, banna ba batona ba lula ba lelekoa ho tse tšehali ke baena ba bona ba baholo le ba baholo. Nako ea ho qala ha lehlaka le sebetsang ha e tšoane likarolong tse fapaneng tsa mokoloko oa linku tsa thaba. Mohlala, ho batho ba lulang naheng ea Kyrgyzstan, hangata nako ea selemo ea selemo e ketekoa ka Pulungoana kapa la Hlakubele. Sebopeho sa lipheleu tsa banna ba baholo ke bokhoni ba ho iketsetsa se bitsoang "li-harems", tse nang le basali ba robeli kapa ho feta. Palo e kaholimo ea tse tšehali ho nku e le 'ngoe e tona e holileng ka thobalano ke batho ba ka bang mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano.
Hammoho le tsehali, mohlape o joalo o ka kenyelletsa liphoofolo tse 'maloa tse sa tsoelang pele. Ba holileng ka thobalano, empa ba ntse ba se matla ka ho lekana, banna ba batona ba li-artiodactyls tsa likhomo, ba bolokiloe hole le tse tšehali ke lira tse matla le tse tsoetseng pele, nakong ea ho ruruha hangata ba kopana ka lihlopha tse nyane tse arohaneng hole le "harems" tse bōpiloeng.
Nakong ea nako ea ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo, tse tona tsa argali li khetholloa ka thabo e matla 'me li lelekisa tse tšehali tse holileng ka thobalano, ka lebaka leo li se hlokolosi haholo. Ke nakong ea ha litsomi le libatana li se na bothata ba ho atamela sebaka se kotsi ho li-artiodactyls. Lintoa tse ngata tsa tlholisano li ba teng lipakeng tsa tse tona le tse ikemiselitseng ho nyalana nakong ea selemo, moo liphoofolo li arohanang ebe li atamela hape, li otla liphatleng tsa tsona le metheong ea manaka ka matla a makatsang nakong ea ho matha.
Hoa thahasellisa! Melumo e lerata e tsamaeang le litlamorao tse joalo e ka utluoa lithabeng leha e le hole le lik'hilomithara tse 'maloa. Kamora hore nako ea ho roka e fete, tse tona tsa argali li arohana hape le tse tšehali kaofela, 'me, li kopane ka lihlotšoana, li hloella lithabeng.
Nako ea ho emara ea argali e tšehali e ka ba likhoeli tse hlano kapa tse tšeletseng, kamora moo likonyana li tsoaloa ka ho qala ha mocheso oa selemo. Pele ho qaleho ea likonyana, linku tse tšehali tsa thaba li tloha mohlapeng o moholo ebe li batla libaka tse nang le mafika a sa utloeng litsebeng kapa tse teteaneng bakeng sa likonyana. Ka lebaka la konyana, hangata, konyana e le 'ngoe kapa tse peli lia tsoaloa, empa tse tharo li tsejoa hape hore lia tsoaloa.
Boima bo tloaelehileng ba likonyana tse sa tsoa tsoaloa ka kotloloho ho latela palo ea tsona, empa hangata ha e fete lik'hilograma tse 3.5-4.5. Matšoao a bofetoheli ba thobalano, ho latela boima ba 'mele, tsoalong a fokola haholo. Tse tšehali tse sa tsoa tsoaloa li ka ba nyane hanyane ho tse tona. Matsatsing a pele feela a bophelo, likonyana tse sa tsoa tsoaloa li fokola haholo ebile ha li na thuso. Li ipata pakeng tsa majoe a maholo kapa lihlahla. Hoo e ka bang ka letsatsi la boraro kapa la bone, likonyana li ba mafolofolo haholoanyane 'me li latela bo-'m'a tsona.
Haeba matsatsing a pele, basali bohle ba likonyana tsa pheleu ea thaba ba khetha ho lula ba le bang, kamora libeke tse 'maloa, kamora hore bana ba matlafale hanyane, ba qala ho lelera le ho kopana ka lihlopha tse' maloa. Mehlape e menyenyane joalo ea basali e boetse e kopanngoa le kholo e nyane ea selemong se fetileng. Lebese la 'm'e le sebelisoa e le sejo se seholo sa likonyana tsa linku tse thabeng ho fihlela bohareng ba lehoetla. Sehlahisoa sena se phetseng hantle ebile se na le phepo e ntle ha se fapane haholo le lebese la nku ea lapeng ho latela lik'hemik'hale le tatso ea lona.
Furu e tala e qala ho jeoa ka bongata bo fokolang ke likonyana libeke tse 'maloa kamora ho hlaha,' me ka ho qala ha nako ea hoetla, karolo e kholo ea bacha e iphepa ka botsona. Tse tšehali, ha li ntse li hola le ho hola, li salla morao ka boholo ba tse tona.
Hoa thahasellisa! Mountain argali e hola butle butle mme e nka nako e telele, mme kholo e liehang e bonahala haholo ho banna, e ka nyolohang butle-butle ka boholo ho pholletsa le bophelo ba bona.
Boemo ba baahi le ts'ireletso ea mefuta
Litsomi tsa lehae li thunya linku tsa thaba ka bongata bakeng sa manaka a tsona, a sebelisoang ka mafolofolo ke bafolisi ba meriana ea setso ea Chaena ho lokisa litlatsetso tse fapaneng. Hoo e ka bang li-subspecies tsohle tsa phoofolo ena e anyesitsoeng e nang le likhako tse arohaneng li lula libakeng tse thata ho fihlella, ka hona ho ke ke ha khonahala ho laola linomoro tsa tsona ka nepo.
Hangata Argali e tlohile makhulong ke mehlape, kamora moo masimo ha a tšoanelehe ho fepa linku tsa thaba... Ho fokotseha ha lipalo ho boetse ho angoa hampe haholo ke phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, mariha a matla haholo kapa a lehloa.
Argali kapa linku tsa lithaba tsa lithaba li kenyelelitsoe ho Red Data Book ea Russian Federation, mme sena se nolofalletsa ho qosa ba tsomang artiodactyl e kotsing. Joalokaha tloaelo e bontša, argali e ka thapisoa, 'me bakeng sa ho boloka botšoaruoa ba nku e joalo ea lithabeng, ho lekane ho fana ka sebaka se pharalletseng ka terata e phahameng le e matla, hammoho le kamore e nang le likotlolo tsa ho noa le li-feeder. Ho khutlisa mofuta ona, liphoofolo tse kotsing ea ho beoa le tsona li bolokiloe libakeng tse khethehileng tse sirelelitsoeng ebe li bolokoa lirapeng tsa liphoofolo.
