Lelapeng lohle la li-squirrels, mohlomong ke li-chipmunks tse nang le ponahalo e ntle le e ntle ka ho fetesisa. Leha e na le kamano e haufi le mmamotatsi le mokotatsie oa fatše, chipmunk e ntse e shebahala joalo ka sehlaha se senyane.
Tlhaloso ea chipmunk
Lebitso la mahlale la mofuta oa Tamias le khutlela motso oa boholo-holo oa Segerike τᾰμίᾱς, o supang ho qenehela / ho hloka botsitso mme o fetoleloa e le "mohlokomeli oa ntlo". Sengoloa sa Russia se hohela phetolelong ea Setatar "boryndyk", mme ho latela mofuta oa bobeli, ho leba phetolelong ea Mari "uromdok".
Ponahalo
Chipmunk e tšoana le se-squirrel ka 'mala oa eona oa mantlha oa boea (bokhabane bo boputsoa bo boputsoa le mpa e tšoeu e boputsoa), mohatla o molelele (o fokolang hanyane ho feta mokotatsie) le sebopeho sa' mele. Le mehato ea maoto e siiloeng ke chipmunk lehloeng e fapane le ea se-squirrel feela ka boholo. Tse tona hangata li kholo ho feta tse tšehali. Molamu o moholo o hola ho fihlela ho 13-17 cm mme o boima ba ligrama tse 100-125. Mohatla (ho tloha ho 9 ho isa ho 13 cm) o nang le "khekhe" e nyane o lula o le telele ho feta halofo ea 'mele.
Chipmunk, joalo ka litoeba tse ngata, e na le mekotla e meholo ea marameng e bonoang ha e kenya lijo ho eona.... Litsebe tse makhethe li chitja hloohong. Mahlo a benyang a sebopeho sa almonde a shebile haufi.
Hoa thahasellisa! Mefuta ea li-chipmunks (tse 25 tsa tsona li se li hlalositsoe joale) li ts'oana haholo ka chebahalo le ka litloaelo, empa li fapana hanyane ka boholo le mebala e fapaneng.
Maoto a ka morao a phahame ho feta a ka pele; moriri o fokolang o hola bohatong ba ona. Kobo e khuts'oane, e na le awn e fokolang. Seaparo sa mariha se fapana le seaparo sa lehlabula feela ka matla a tlase a paterone e lefifi. 'Mala oa ka morao oa' mala o mosootho bo sootho kapa o mofubelu. Ho bapisoa le eona ke metopa e mehlano e lefifi e mathang haufi le phula e batlang e fihla mohatleng. Ka linako tse ling ho tsoaloa batho ba basoeu, empa eseng ba albino.
Mokhoa oa bophelo oa chipmunk
Sena ke motho ea ikemetseng ea ikemetseng, ea lumellang molekane hore a mo atamele feela nakong ea selemo sa rutting. Ka linako tse ling, chipmunk e phela le ho iphepa e le 'ngoe, e nyolla morero oa eona (lihekthere tse 1-3) e le ho batla lijo. E nkuoa e le phoofolo e lutseng fatše, e sa tsamaeeng hangata ho tloha 0.1-0.2 km hole le matlo. Empa tse ling tsa liphoofolo li nka maeto a malelele, li fihla ho 1.5 km nakong ea ho nyallana le 1-2.5 km ha li boloka lijo.
O hloella lifate ka mokhoa o phethahetseng mme o fofa ho tloha ho e 'ngoe ho ea ho e' ngoe ho ea fihla ho limithara tse 6, ka boqhetseke o tlolela tlase ho tloha litlhorong tsa limithara tse 10. Haeba ho hlokahala, phoofolo e baleha ho feta 12 km ka hora. Hangata e lula mekoting, empa e haha lihlaha ka masoba hara majoe, hape le likoting tse tlaase le kutu e bolileng. Mobu oa lehlabula ke phapusi e le 'ngoe ka botebo ba halofo ea mithara (ka linako tse ling e fihla ho 0,7 m), moo tsela e sekametseng e lebisang teng.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ka mohohlo oa mariha, palo ea likamore tse chitja e habeli: e ka tlase (ka botebo ba 0.7-1.3 m) e fuoa phaposi ea polokelo, e kaholimo (ka botebo ba 0.5-0.9 m) e fetoleloa kamoreng ea ho robala ea mariha le phaposi ea tsoalo.
Ka boemo ba leholimo bo batang, chipmunk e phunya bolo ebe e ea borokong, e tsoha ho khotsofatsa tlala le ho robala hape. Tsela ea ho tsoa hibernation e hokahane le boemo ba leholimo. Pejana ho feta tse ling, litoeba lia tsoha, tseo masoba a tsona a ahiloeng matsoapong a letsatsi, leha ho le joalo, e sa li thibeleng ho khutlela ka sekhukhu nakong ea serame se batang ka tšohanyetso. Mona ba emetse ho qala ha matsatsi a futhumetseng, a matlafatsoang ke masalla a thepa.
Mobu o boetse o sebetsa e le setšabelo nakong ea lipula, empa ka letsatsi le hlakileng la hlabula, chipmunk e tloha lapeng pele ho letsatsi, e le hore e se ke ea akheha mochesong.... Ka mor'a ho phomola ka har'a mokoti, liphoofolo li tla holim'a metsi hape ebe li batla lijo pele letsatsi le likela. Motšehare o moholo, ke li-chipmunks feela tse lutseng merung e teteaneng e nang le moriti tse sa ipate ka tlas'a lefatše.
Bolele ba bophelo
Chipmunk botlamuoeng o phela habeli halelele joalo ka ha a le naheng - lilemo tse ka bang 8.5. Mehloli e meng e letsetsa bmabapi lepalo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ke lilemo tse 10. Tlas'a maemo a tlhaho, liphoofolo li lokolloa ka lilemo tse ka bang 3-4.
Morero oa phepelo ea lijo
Chipmunks ka mokhoa o tloahelehileng o ipehela lipehelo ka tebello ea ho phomola nako e telele ea mariha, a sa khotsofale ke limpho tsa moru le ho kenella lijalong tsa temo. Ha ho makatse hore ebe litoeba li khetholloa e le sesenyi se kotsi sa temo, haholo-holo libakeng tseo masimo a kopaneng le meru: mona li-chipmunks li kotula lijo-thollo tsa ho qetela.
Ho theosa le lilemo, phoofolo e iketselitse maqheka a kotulo ea lijo-thollo, e shebahalang tjena:
- Haeba bohobe bo sa tiea haholo, chipmunk o fumana kutu e matla mme, ha a e nka, a tlolela hodimo.
- Lehlaka lea inama, 'me litoeba li khasa haufi le lona, li le tšoara ka maoto a lona ebe le fihla tsebeng.
- Loma tsebe 'me ka potlako u khethe lijo-thollo ho eona, u li kenye mekotleng ea marameng.
- Lijalong tse teteaneng (moo ho ke keng ha khoneha ho sotha lehlokoa), chipmunk e loma likarolo tsa eona ho tloha tlase ho fihlela e fihla tsebeng.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e melang morung le seo litoeba li se utsoang masimong a lenngoeng li kena ka har'a li-chipmunk: li-mushroom, linate, li-acorn, liapole, peo e hlaha, sonobolomo, monokotsoai, koro, buckwheat, oats, folaxe le tse ling.
Lihlahisoa tsohle ha li hlahisoe ka lesoba le le leng, empa khetho ea tsona e lula e khahlisa. Joaloka mong'a cheseho, chipmunk e hlophisa phepelo ka mofuta, e li arola ka joang bo ommeng kapa makhasi. Boima bo felletseng ba litokisetso tsa lijo tsa mariha bakeng sa poto e le 'ngoe ke lik'hilograma tse 5-6.
Habitat, habitats
Boholo ba mefuta e 25 ea mofuta oa Tamias e lula Amerika Leboea, mme ke Tamias sibiricus e le 'ngoe feela (Asia, aka Siberian chipmunk) e fumanoang Russia, haholo-holo, ka leboea ho karolo ea eona ea Europe, Urals, Siberia le Far East. Ntle le moo, chipmunk ea Siberia e ile ea bonoa sehlekehlekeng sa Hokkaido, Chaena, Hloahloeng ea Korea, hammoho le libakeng tse ka leboea tsa Europe.
Likarolo tse tharo tsa chipmunks li arotsoe:
- Siberia / Asia - e kenyelletsa mofuta o le mong feela oa Tamias sibiricus;
- American Bochabela - hape e emeloa ke mofuta o le mong, Tamias striatus;
- Neotamias - e na le mefuta e 23 e lulang bophirima ho Amerika Leboea.
Likhoto, tse kenyellelitsoeng ho subgenus tse peli tse fetileng, li ithutile Amerika Leboea kaofela ho tloha bohareng ba Mexico ho ea Arctic Circle. Chipmunk ea Amerika Bochabela, joalo ka ha lebitso le bontša, e lula bochabela ho k'honthinente ea Amerika. Litoeba tsa furu tse atlehileng ho baleha mapolasing a boea li se li metse libakeng tse 'maloa tsa Europe bohareng.
Bohlokoa! Chipmunk e ka bochabela e ikamahanya le maemo hore e phele har'a majoe a majoe le majoe, mefuta e meng e khetha meru (e tsoakaneng, e tsoakaneng le e hlabang).
Liphoofolo li qoba libaka tse mongobo hammoho le libaka tse bulehileng le meru e melelele moo ho se nang lihlahla kapa lihlahla tse nyane... Ho hotle haeba ho na le lifate tsa khale ka morung, tse roesitsoeng moqhaka o matla, empa e seng marulelo a malelele haholo a moluoane, ciliegia ea linonyana kapa birch. Li-chipmunks li ka boela tsa fumanoa makaleng a koahetsoeng ke moru, moo ho nang le ts'oaetso ea moea / patsi, liphuleng tsa linoka, lintšing tsa meru le lifateng tse ngata tsa meru.
Lijo tsa chipmunk
Lenane la litoeba le laoloa ke lijo tsa limela, nako le nako li tlatsetsoa ka protheine ea liphoofolo.
Sebopeho sa khakanyo ea chipmunk:
- peo ea lifate / li-buds le letlobo le lenyenyane;
- peo ea limela tsa temo mme ka linako tse ling letlobo la tsona;
- monokotsoai le li-mushroom;
- peo ea litlama le lihlahla;
- li-acorn le linate;
- likokoanyana;
- liboko le li-molluscs;
- mahe a linonyana.
Taba ea hore li-chipmunks tse haulang haufi le moo li tla bolelloa ke masale a khethiloeng a lijo - likhohlopo tse lenngoeng tsa li-conifers le linate tsa hazel / kedare.
Hoa thahasellisa! Taba ea hore e ne e le chipmunk ea neng a ithabisa mona, eseng se-squirrel, e tla bonts'oa ke mehlala e menyenyane, hammoho le mantle a siiloeng ke eena - "lithollo" tse telele tse chitja li rapaletse ka liqubu, tse ts'oanang le barberry.
Takatso ea lijo tsa khoto ha e felle feela ka limela tsa naha. Hang ha a le masimong le lirapeng, o fapanya lijo tsa hae le litso tse kang:
- lijo-thollo;
- poone;
- buckwheat;
- lierekisi le folaxe;
- liapolekose le plum;
- sonobolomo;
- likomkomere.
Haeba phepelo ea lijo e haella, li-chipmunks li ea batla lijo masimong a boahelani le lirapeng tsa meroho. Ka ho senya lijalo tsa lijo-thollo, li baka tšenyo e kholo ho lihoai. Ho se ho netefalitsoe hore ho falla ka bongata ho sa tloaelehang hangata ho bakoa ke kotulo e mpe ea mofuta ona oa fepa, joalo ka lipeo tsa kedare.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Chipmunk e na le lira tse ngata tsa tlhaho le bahlolisani ba lijo. Ea pele e kenyelletsa baemeli bohle ba lelapa la weasel (ba lulang haufi le litoeba), hape le:
- phokojoe;
- phiri;
- ntja ea raccoon;
- linonyana tse jang nama;
- lintja / likatse tse ruuoang lapeng;
- linoha.
Ntle le moo, bere le sable, ba batlang lisebelisoa tsa chipmunk, le se ke la li ja feela, empa le litoeba ka botsona (haeba li se na nako ea ho ipata). Ha a tloha ho motho ea mo lelekisang, chipmunk e tšohileng e fofa sefateng kapa e ipata ka lehong le shoeleng. Baphadisani ba lijo tsa Chipmunk (ho latela ho ntšoa ha linate, li-acorn le lipeo) ke:
- litoeba murine;
- sable;
- Bere ea Himalaya / e sootho;
- mokotatsie;
- li-squirrel tsa mohatla o molelele;
- Mohlankana
- mohetli oa patsi ea mapolanka;
- linokoane.
Ha ho motho lelapeng le leholo la bo-squirrel ea nang le boiphihlelo ba ho letsetsa molumo joaloka chipmunk.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ha a le kotsing, hangata o ntša mololi oa monosyllabic kapa trill e bohale. O boetse o khona ho fana ka molumo o rarahaneng haholoanyane oa mekhahlelo e 'meli, mohlala, "sootho-sootho" kapa "hook-hook".
Ho ikatisa le bana
Qaleho ea nako ea ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo e behiloe ho fihlela qetellong ea hibernation mme e oele, ka molao, ka Mmesa - Mots'eanong. Rut e qala matsatsi a 2-4 kamora hore tse tšehali li tsoe boroko 'me li ka lieha haeba bokaholimo bo sa futhumala ka ho lekana mme ho foka moea o batang.
Tse tshehadi, tse ikemiselitseng ho nyalana, di kenyelletsa meloli ea tsona e "hlabisang" e hohelang, eo bashebelli ba tsona ba ka li fumanang. Bakopi ba 'maloa ba lelekisa monyaluoa a le mong, ba hlola 200-300 m, ba hapiloe ke lentsoe le ipiletsang. Ka ho loanela pelo ea mofumahali eo, ba matha ka ho latellana, ba loana ka libetsa tse khutšoane.
E tshehadi e beha bana ka matsatsi a 30-32, e tsoala malinyane a 4-10 a hlobotse ebile a foufetse a boima ba 4 g ka ngoe... Moriri o hola kapele, mme kamora libeke tse 'maloa, li-chipmunks tse nyane li fetoha kopi ea batsoali ba bona ba metsero. Kamora beke e 'ngoe (ka letsatsi la mashome a mabeli), masea a qala ho bona hantle,' me ha a le khoeli e le 'ngoe, a roba letsoele la mme, ba qala ho khasa ka mokoting. Qaleho ea bophelo bo ikemetseng e etsahala a le khoeli le halofo, empa bohlankana bo kena hoo e ka bang selemo.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Hoa tsebahala hore Tamias sibiricus e kenyelelitsoe Bukeng e Khubelu ea Russian Federation mme e tlas'a ts'ireletso ea mmuso. Ho na le tlhaiso-leseling e nyane mabapi le mefuta e meng kaofela, empa ho na le lithuto tsa boholo ba palo ea baahi, tse amanang le matla a ho ikatisa.
Bohlokoa! Palo le karolelano ea lilemo tsa mehlape li lula li khethoa ke lihlahisoa tsa furu e kholo: mohlala, ka lilemo tse ngata baahi (ka hoetla) ke halofo ea lihlahisoa tse nyane, lilemong tse omeletseng - palo ea liphoofolo tse nyane e theohela ho 5.8%.
Mohlala, merung ea Sayan Bophirimela, boholo ba li-chipmunks (20 ka sq. Km) bo ile ba tsejoa merung e melele ea kedare. Leboea-bochabela ho Altai, palo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea liphoofolo e tlalehiloe ho cedar-fir taiga - batho ba 47 ho sq. km ho tsoa ha liphoofolo tse nyane mekoting le 225 ka sq. km le ponahalo ea liphoofolo tse nyane. Mefuta e meng ea meru (e tsoakiloeng le e makhasi) chipmunks ha e bonoe haholo: ho tloha ho 2 ho isa ho 27 (e nang le batho ba baholo), ho tloha ho 9 ho isa ho 71 (le keketso ea liphoofolo tse nyane). Palo e nyane ea li-chipmunks e tsejoa merung e menyenyane e nang le makhasi a maholo: 1-3 ka sq. km ka Phuptjane, 2-4 ka sq. km qetellong ea Mots'eanong - Phato.
Ho boloka chipmunk hae
Ho bonolo ho e qala ka foleteng ka mabaka a 'maloa:
- chipmunk e robala bosiu 'me e tsohe motšehare;
- e ja limela;
- bohloeki (gorole e tlameha ho hloekisoa hang ka beke);
- ha e na monko o monate oa "toeba".
Ntho feela eo u lokelang ho tsepamisa mohopolo ho eona ke khetho ea lesaka le leholo, litekanyo tse nepahetseng tsa tsona (bakeng sa banyalani) li tla ba ka tsela e latelang: 1 m ka bolelele, 0.6 m ka bophara le 1.6 m bophahamo. Haeba ho na le phoofolo e le 'ngoe feela, mekhahlelo ea cage e bonolo haholo - 100 * 60 * 80 cm. Chipmunks e matha haholo mme e rata ho nyoloha, kahoo ba kenya makala kahare. Ho molemo ho reka lesaka le nang le melamu e koahetsoeng ka nikele (ka linako tse sa feteng 1.5 cm).
Bohlokoa! Ntlo e robalang (15 * 15 * 15) e kentsoe ka mokoting ha li-chipmunks li se li lula ka tlung ea hau mme li sa tšabe batho.
Ho molemo ha mokatong o ka tlung o ka huleloa morao. Peat kapa sawdust e tla sebetsa joaloka mealo. Cage e na le li-feeder, senoa se iketsang le lebili le mathang (ho tloha ho 18 cm bophara). Litoeba li lokolloa nako le nako bakeng sa ho tsamaea e le ho qoba motsamao o tšoanang (ho tloha fatše ho ea leboteng, ho tloha moo ho fihla siling le tlase). Nakong ea maeto a ho potoloha kamoreng, chipmunk e hlokomeloa e le hore e se ke ea hlafuna letho le kotsi. Mehala e patiloe.
Cage e behiloe sekhutlong se koahetsoeng ka moriti, kaha liphoofolo li shoa ka lebaka la ho chesa haholo... Basali ba babeli kapa batho ba bong bo fapaneng (bakeng sa ho ikatisa) ba khethiloe ka bobeli, empa ha ho mohla banna ba babeli, ho seng joalo lintoa li ke keng tsa qojoa. Litholoana lia hloekisoa 'me meroho e hlatsuoa hantle ho tlosa chefo e bolaeang likokonyana. Litsie, crickets, slugs le liboko tsa lijo li fuoa habeli ka beke. Chipmunks le eona e rata mahe, khoho e phehiloeng, chisi e nang le mafura a tlase le yogurt ntle le li-additives.
