Mathoasong a lekholo la ho qetela la lilemo, likhama tsa sika li ile tsa batla li nyamela lefatšeng. O ile a bolaoa ka lebaka la nama e monate, letlalo la pele, empa haholo-holo ka lebaka la manaka a manyenyane (manaka), motheong oa ona ba entseng lithethefatsi tse makatsang.
Tlhaloso ea Sika deer
Cervus nippon ke ea mofuta oa True Deer, eo e leng setho sa lelapa la Cervidae (reindeer)... Khama ea sika e hahiloe ka bokhabane, e bobebe ebile e tšesaane. Botle ba eona bo bonahatsoa ka botlalo ke lilemo tsa 3, ha banna / basali ba qetella ba le sebopeho le bolelele.
Ponahalo
Hlabula, tse tona le tse tšehali ha li tšoane ka 'mala oa jase. Ka bobeli li mebala ka molumo o mofubelu oa mantlha o nang le matheba a masoeu, ntle le hore tse tšehali li shebahala li bobebe hanyane. Mariha, ho bonolo haholo ho li khetholla: boea ba banna bo ba lefifi, bo sootho ka mohloaare, 'me ba basali - bohlooho bo bobebe. Phoofolo e kholo e hola ka bolelele ho fihla ho 1.6-1.8 m ka bolelele ho pona ha 0.95-1.12 m le boima ba 75 ho isa ho 130 kg. Tsehali li lula li le nyane ho feta tse tona. Likhama li na le molala o molelele, o emeng ka holimo o nang le hlooho e phahameng e nang le litsebe tse lekanang. Mokhabiso o ka sehloohong oa e motona ke manaka a masoeu a masoeu a bohale a mane, a bolelele ba ona bo fapana ho tloha ho 65-79 cm ka boima ba 0,8-1.3 kg.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ditsebi tsa dimela di kopane le dikgama tse hlaha tse nang le manaka a bolelele ba disentimitara tse 0.9-0.93. Hang ha kgama ya kgale ya sika e nang le manaka a boima ka ho fetesisa e ile ya tshwarwa - di ne di ena le letlobo le 6 mme di otlolotse hoo e ka bang 1,9 kg.
Phoofolo e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e hlahisa mebala ka bomong ka molumo oa seaparo le ka tlhophiso / 'mala oa matheba. Bokapele bo bofubelu bo lula bo le lefifi mopopotlong, empa bo bobebe mahlakoreng (tlase) le mpeng. Mmala o mofubelu o theohela maotong, o fumana pallor e hlakileng mona.
'Mele o na le matheba a masoeu a lehae: a maholoanyane ka mpeng, hape a manyane ka mokokotlong. Ka linako tse ling (hangata ka mahlakoreng) libaka tsena lia koaleha, li fetoha metopa e tšoeu e ka bang bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 10. Matšoao a masoeu ha a bonoe likhama tsohle, 'me ka linako tse ling (ka lebaka la ho roala ha boea) lia nyamela le ho ba li bontšitseng ka hoetla. Bolelele bo tloaelehileng ba moriri 'meleng bo tloha ho 5 ho isa ho 7 cm.
Hoa tsebahala hore likhama tsa sika (botlamuoeng le ka tlhaho) ha se balekane ba nang le likhama tse khubelu feela, empa hape li fana ka bana ba sebetsang hantle. Sefapano se khetholloa ka boholo ba lipakeng tsa batsoali, empa bokantle bo shebahala joalo ka likhama tsa sika.
Sika deer mokhoa oa bophelo
Liphoofolo li latela libaka ka bomong. Masole a fula masimong a lihekthere tse 100-200, e tona e nang le basali ba basali ba 4-5 (nakong ea teko) e hloka lihekthere tse 400, 'me mohlape oa lihlooho tse 14-16 o koahela sebaka sa lihekthere tse 900. Qetellong ya sehla sa ho tlola, tse tona tse hodileng di etsa dihlotshwana. Mehlapeng ea basali, bacha ba bong bo fapaneng ba sa feteng lilemo tse 2 ba phela. Sekhahla sa mehlape sea eketseha ho ea mariha, haholo lilemong tsa tlhahiso.
Lehlabula, likhama tsa sika li batla lijo hoseng le mantsiboea, matsatsing a hlakileng a mariha le tsona lia sebetsa, empa ha li tlohele libethe tsa tsona lehloeng, li ipatile likhutlong tse teteaneng tsa moru. Li bontša ho matha ka lebelo le lelelele hlabula le mariha ha lehloa le le sieo, li tlolela habonolo holim'a litšitiso tse phahameng (ho fihla ho 1.7 m). Sekoahelo se phahameng sa lehloa (ho tloha ho 0.6 m le ho feta) se fetoha koluoa ea 'nete ho likhama. Phoofolo e oela botenya ba lehloa 'me e khona ho tsamaea feela ka ho qhomela, e leng ho fokolisang matla a eona kapele. Ho hoholeha ha lehloa ho sitisa motsamao feela, empa le ho batla lijo.
Hoa thahasellisa! Likhama ke sesesi se setle, se koahelang 10-12 km. Metsi a fetoha poloko ho menoang le liboseleise, ka hona, nakong ea likokoana-hloko tsa ho ikatisa, liphoofolo li fihla lebopong, li ema ka metsing kapa libakeng tse fefohileng hantle ke moea.
Sika likhama, ho latela litsebi tsa liphoofolo, ke litšobotsi tsa ho falla ha linako tsa selemo.
Bolele ba bophelo
Linaheng, likhama ha li phele lilemo tse fetang 11 ho isa ho 14, li bolaoa ke ts'oaetso, libatana tse kholo tsa meru, tlala, likotsi le litsomi... Mapolasing a antler le lirapeng tsa liphoofolo, nako e telele ea likhama tsa sika e fihlela lilemo tse 18-21, mme tse tšehali tsa khale (kamora lilemo tse 15) li bile li tsoala manamane.
Habitat, habitats
Ha se khale haholo, likhama tsa sika li ne li lula leboea-bochabela ho China, Vietnam Leboea, Japane, Korea le Taiwan. Chaena, botle bona bo ile ba bolaoa, empa ba lula Asia Bochabela (ho tloha sebakeng sa Ussuri ho ea Vietnam Leboea le lihlekehleke tse 'maloa tse haufi). Ntle le moo, likhama tsa sika li tsebisoa New Zealand.
Naheng ea habo rona, li-artiodactyls tsena li fumaneha ka boroa ho Bochabela bo Hare: moeli o fetela ka nqane ho Russia ho leba Hloahloeng ea Korea le bophirima ho Manchuria. Lilemong tsa bo-40 tsa lekholo la ho qetela la lilemo, likhama tsa sika li ile tsa rarolloa le ho tloaelloa libakeng tse ngata tsa polokelo tsa Soviet:
- Ilmensky (haufi le Chelyabinsk);
- Khopersky (haufi le Borisoglebsk);
- Mordovsky (haufi le Arzamas);
- Buzuluk (haufi le Buzuluk);
- Oksky (ka bochabela ho Ryazan);
- Teberda (North Caucasus).
- Kuibyshevsky (Zhiguli).
Liphoofolo ha lia ka tsa mela feela polokelong ea ho qetela, empa li ile tsa lula libakeng tse ling tse ncha, ho kenyeletsoa le tikolohong ea Moscow, haufi le Vilnius, Armenia le Azerbaijan.
Bohlokoa! Sebakeng sa Primorsky, likhama li khetha meru e nang le limela tse nang le lifate tsa oak tse nang le limela tse teteaneng, hangata ha li lule merung e nang le lifate tsa kedare (e seng holimo ho 0.5 km) 'me e hlokomoloha taiga ea kedare e lefifi.
Likhama tsa Sika li lula matsoapong a ka boroa / boroa-bochabela ho mabopo a leoatle a nang le lehloa le lenyane, moo lehloa le sa qete nako e fetang beke, hobane le hoholoa ke lipula. Ponahalo ea naha e ratoang e na le sebaka se matsaranka se nang le melatsoana e mengata... Bongata ba liphoofolo tse nyane le tse tšehali, ho fapana le tse tona tse seng li le baholo, li lula haufi le leoatle 'me li theoha matsoapong.
Lijo tsa likhama tsa Sika
Lenane la li-artiodactyl tsena le kenyelletsa limela feela - mefuta e ka bang 130 Bochabela bo Hōle le makhetlo a mang a mararo (390) ka boroa ho Russia, hammoho le karolong ea eona ea Europe. Primorye le Asia Bochabela, lifate / lihlahla li ikarabella bakeng sa 70% ea lijo. Mona, fepa ea likhama e busoa ke:
- oak (li-acorn, buds, makhasi, letlobo le letlobo);
- linden le Manchu aralia;
- Morara oa Amur le velvet ea Amur;
- acanthopanax le lespedeza;
- molora le lepa la Manchurian;
- maple, elm, sedge le sekhele.
Liphoofolo li ja makhapetla halofo ea bobeli ea mariha, ha lehloa le leholo le oela. Nakong ena, ho sebelisoa makala a moluoane, ciliegia ea linonyana, chozenia le alder.
Hoa thahasellisa! Makhapetla a likhama a siea le li-acorn tse tsoang ka tlas'a lehloa (le botenya ba sekoaelo se fihlang ho 30-50 cm). Mariha, zostera le kelp le tsona lia jeoa, tse sebelisoang feela joaloka ho hlafuna chepisi lehlabula. Lithaka hangata li hana li-arborne lichen.
Sika likhama li ea lilong tsa letsoai tsa maiketsetso le lilibeng tsa diminerale (tse futhumetseng), tse nyekang algae, molora, majoana le likomkomere tsa leoatle, 'me ka linako tse ling li noa metsi a leoatle.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Likhama li na le lira tse ngata tsa tlhaho, empa tlatsetso e kholo ka ho fetisisa phelisong ea liphoofolo e entsoe ke liphiri tse putsoa. Libata tse ling le tsona li na le molato oa lefu la likhama tse kholo tsa sika:
- Phiri e Khubelu;
- lynx;
- Lengau la Bochabela bo Hōle;
- Nkoe ea Amur;
- lintja tse lahlehileng.
Ho feta moo, likhama tse ntseng li hola li sokeloa ke katse ea moru oa Bochabela bo Hōle, phokojoe, bere le harza.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Sebakeng sa Tlhaho ea Lazovsky (Primorye) lekhalo la sika la likhama le qala ka Loetse / Mphalane mme le fela ka la 5-8 Pulungoana... Selemong se behang bakeng sa li-acorn, lipapali tsa lefereho (tseo banna ba fihletseng lilemo tse 3-4 ba lumelloang) li lula li le mafolofolo. Tse tona tse tona li puruma hoseng le mantsiboea, li ba le basali ba banyenyane ("basali" ba 3-4 ka 'ngoe)' me ka ho totobetseng ba theola boima ba 'mele, ba theola ho fihla ho kotara ea boima ba bona. Lintoa lipakeng tsa bo-monyaluoa, ho fapana le likhama tse khubelu, ha li fumanehe hangata.
Bokhachane bo nka likhoeli tse 7.5, 'me ho imoloha mojaro hangata ho etsahala bohareng ba Mots'eanong (hangata khafetsa qetellong ea Mmesa kapa Phuptjane). Mafahla ha a fumanehe hangata ho likhama tsa sika: boholo ba likhama li tsoala namane e le 'ngoe.
Bohlokoa! Mapolasing a antler, rutting / calving e etsahala kamora nako ho feta likhama tse hlaha Primorye. Ha a le botlamuoeng, motsamaisi ea matla o koahela bonyane tse hlano, mme hangata basali ba 10-20.
Banna ba sa tsoa tsoaloa ba boima ba lik'hilograma tse 4.7-7.3, tse tšehali - ho tloha ho 4.2 ho isa ho 6.2 kg. Matsatsing a pele, ba fokola ebile ba bua leshano nako eohle ha bo-mme ba bona ba fula haufi. Manamane a ka iphepa a le mong kamora matsatsi a 10-20, empa a anya lebese la bo-mme ka nako e telele, ho fihlela likhoeli tse 4-5. Ha ba tlohele bo-mme ho fihlela selemo se tlang, mme hangata ho feta. Ka molt oa pele oa hoetla, manamane a lahleheloa ke liaparo tsa bocha.
Khoeling ea leshome lihloohong "tsa liphaephe" tse nyane (3.5 cm) li phunyeletsa, 'me se se se ntse se le teng ka Mmesa manaka a pele a sa hlahang. Tse tona tse tona li a roala nako e ka etsang selemo, 'me li tšolla ka Mots'eanong / Phuptjane selemong se latelang ho fumana manaka.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Palo ea likhama tse hlaha li fokotsehile haholo lekholong le fetileng la lilemo. Lebaka le ka sehloohong la ho fokotseha ha baahi ho nkuoa e le ho tsoma pheliso ho phatlalalitsoeng ho batho bana ba sa lumelloang ka lebaka la matlalo a bona a matle le manaka. Ho boetse ho na le mabaka a mang a mabe:
- nts'etsopele le ho rengoa ha meru e sa reng letho;
- kaho ea libaka tse ncha tsa bolulo libakeng tsa likhama;
- ponahalo ea liphiri le lintja tse ngata;
- mafu a tšoaetsanoang le tlala.
Ho fokotseha ha palo ea mehlape ho boetse ho amahanngoa le ho hlaha ha mapolasi a ikatisang, a basebetsi ba ona ba neng ba sa tsebe ho ts'oasa liphoofolo qalong, ka lebaka la likhama tse ileng tsa shoa ka bongata.... Matsatsing ana ho tsoma likhama tsa sika la naha ho thibetsoe hoo e ka bang kae kapa kae maemong a molao. Liphoofolo (maemong a mofuta o kotsing) li ne li kenyelelitsoe maqepheng a Red Book ea Russian Federation le ho International Red Book.
Russia, ba nahana ho lokolla likhama lihlekehlekeng tse haufi le Vladivostok. Ona e tla ba mohato oa pele oa ho nchafatsa maemo a batho ba sa lumelang libakeng tseo tsa Primorye moo ba neng ba fumanoe teng pejana, empa ba nyamela.
