Sable (Martes zibellina) ke phoofolo e anyesang ea lelapa la mustelidae (Mustelidae). Moemeli enoa oa taelo ea Carnivores le mofuta oa Martes (Martes), ha a fapane feela le botle ba kantle, empa le boea ba boleng bo makatsang.
Tlhaloso ea Sable
Ka lebaka la boea ba eona bo botle, bo tšoarellang ebile bo theko e boima, sable e ile ea fumana lebitso la bobeli - "morena oa boea ba naha" kapa "khauta e bonolo". Bo-rasaense ba khetholla mefuta e ka bang leshome le metso e supileng ea lisabole tse nang le mebala e fapaneng le boleng ba boea, hammoho le boholo. Mefuta ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ke mofuta oa Barguzin (Martes zibellina rrinsers), o atisang ho fumanoa ka bochabela ho lebopo la Letša la Baikal.
Hoa thahasellisa! Sebakeng sa tlhaho, sa tlhaho, ho na le sable e tšoeu, eo e leng moemeli ea sa tloaelehang haholo oa lelapa la Kunya mme o lula morung o sa tsamaeeng.
Sable-barguzin e na le 'mala o motšo o motšo letlalong, hammoho le boea bo bonolo bo bosootho... Li-subspecies tse khanyang ka ho fetesisa tse nang le boea bo mahoashe le bo bokhutšoane lia hlahisoa:
- Li-subspecies tsa Sakhalin (Martes zibellina sahalinensis);
- Li-subspecies tsa Yenisei (Martes zibellina yenisejensis);
- Li-subspecies tsa Sayan (Martes zibellina sаjаnensis).
Sable sable (Martes zibellina jakutensis) le Kamchatka subspecies (Martes zibellina kamtshadalisa) ha li na boea bo bohlokoa joalo.
Ponahalo
Bolelele ba 'mele oa sable e kholo ha e fete cm 55-56, mohatla o fihla ho 19-20 cm Boima ba' mele ba banna bo fapana kahare ho 0,88-1.8 kg, le tse tšehali - e sa feteng 0.70-1.56 kg.
'Mala oa letlalo la sable o fapane haholo,' me mefuta eohle ea eona e khetholloa ka mabitso a khethehileng:
- "Hlooho" - ona ke lefifi ka ho fetisisa, hoo e batlang e le 'mala o motšo;
- "Fur" ke 'mala o khahlisang, o bobebe haholo, o mosehla oa lehlabathe kapa oa likhama.
Hoa thahasellisa!Re lokela ho hlokomela hore likhama tse tona li kholo ho feta tsehali, ka hoo e ka bang karolo ea leshome ea boima ba 'mele kaofela.
Har'a tse ling, ho na le mebala e 'maloa e lipakeng, ho kenyelletsa "molaleng", o kopantseng hantle lithane tse sootho le boteng ba lebanta le lefifi ka morao, hammoho le mahlakore a bobebe le sebaka se seholo se khanyang sa' metso. Phoofolo e jang liphoofolo e nang le sefahleho se bōpehileng joaloka chesele, e na le litsebe tse likhutlo li tharo le maoto a manyane. Mohatla o mokgutshwane mme o kwahetswe ke boya bo bosesane, bo bonolo. Mariha, seaparo sena se koahela mekotla ea maoto le menoana. Molts oa liphoofolo hang ka selemo.
Mokhoa oa bophelo oa Sable
Sebopeho le moahi ea tloaelehileng oa naha eohle ea taiga ea Siberia ke sebatana se tsotehang haholo le se matla haholo ka boholo ba sona bo seng boholo haholo. Sable o tloaetse mokhoa oa bophelo oa lefats'e. E le molao, phoofolo e jang liphoofolo tse jang nama e khetha libaka tsa eona tse kaholimo ho linoka tsa lithaba, lifate tse ngata haholo, hammoho le libaka tsa majoe. Nako le nako, phoofolo e khona ho hloella meqhaka ea lifate. Sebata se tsamaea ka thuso ea ho qhoma ho khethollang, bolelele ba eona bo ka bang 0.3-0.7 m. Boea bo metsi bo potlakileng haholo ha bo lumelle sable ho sesa.
Sable e khona ho siea lipina tse kholo ebile li kopane, 'me litšoantšo tsa tsona li tloha ho 5 × 7 cm ho isa ho 6 × 10. Phoofolo e hlaha e hantle haholo ho hloeng lifate tsa bolelele le libopeho tse fapaneng, hape e na le kutlo le monko o monate. Leha ho le joalo, pono ea phoofolo e anyesang e joalo e fokola, mme le data ea lentsoe le eona ha e ea lekana 'me maemong a eona a tšoana le meow ea kat. Sable e ka tsamaea habonolo leha e koahetse sekoaelo sa lehloa. Ketsahalo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea phoofolo e tsejoa lihoreng tsa hoseng, hammoho le ho qala ha shoalane.
Hoa thahasellisa! Haeba mokoti kapa sehlaha sa sable se le fatshe, joale ka qaleho ea mariha, kotopo e khethehileng e telele e kenella lehloeng ke phoofolo.
Bakeng sa sable e kholo, sehlaha se sebelisoa, se lutseng maemong a fapaneng: tlasa sefate se oeleng, ka sekoting se tlase sa sefate, kapa tlasa majoe a maholo. Botlaaseng ba sebaka se joalo ho na le lerōle la lehong, furu, masiba le boriba. Ha boemo ba leholimo bo le bobe, sable ha e tlohe sehlaheng sa eona, ka hare moo puso ea mocheso e tsitsitseng ho 15-23mabapi leC. Ho hlomelloa ntloana haufi le sekoti sa sehlaha. Lilemong tse ling le tse ling tse peli ho isa ho tse tharo, sehlaha sa khale se nkeloa sebaka ke se secha.
Bolele ba bophelo
Ha a le botlamuoeng, sable e bolokoa ka karolelano ho fihlela lilemo tse leshome le metso e mehlano... Ka tlhaho, phoofolo e jang nama e joalo e ka phela lilemo tse ka bang tse supileng ho isa ho tse robeli, e leng ka lebaka la mabaka a mangata a mabe a kantle, khaello ea thibelo ea mafu a bolaeang ka ho fetesisa, hammoho le kotsi ea ho kopana le libatana tse ngata.
Habitat, habitats
Hajoale, sable e hlaha hangata e fumaneha hohle karolong ea taiga ea naha ea rona, ho tloha Urals ho ea lebopong la leoatle la Leoatle la Pacific, haufi le leboea le ho meeli ea limela tsa meru tse atileng haholo. Phoofolo e jang nama e rata ho lula libakeng tse lefifi tsa lehlaka, empa haholo-holo e rata likedare tsa khale.
Hoa thahasellisa! Haeba lithaba le libaka tse hlakileng tsa taiga, hammoho le li-cedar le birch dwarfs, li-placers tsa majoe, morung-tundra, likhahla tsa moea le libaka tse holimo tsa linoka tsa lithaba ke tlhaho bakeng sa sable, phoofolo e jang liphoofolo e qoba ho lula litlhōrōng tsa lithaba tse nyopa.
Hape, phoofolo e fumaneha hangata Japane, sebakeng sa sehlekehleke sa Hokkaido. Kajeno, libakeng tsa Urals e ka bochabela, mofuta oa lebasetere oa sable le marten, o bitsoang "kidus", o kopana khafetsa.
Lijo tse bobebe
Ha e le hantle, litsomi li tsoma holim'a lefatše. Batho ba baholo le liphoofolo tse nang le boiphihlelo ba qeta nako e nyane ho batla lijo ha ba bapisoa le liphoofolo tse nyane. Mefuta ea mantlha ea bohlokoahali ea sable e hlahisoa:
- liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nyane, ho kenyelletsa voles le shrews, litoeba le pikas, squirrels le hares, chipmunks le moles;
- linonyana, ho kenyelletsa li-grouse tsa lehong le grouse, li-hazel grouse le li-passerines, le mahe a tsona;
- likokoanyana, ho kenyeletsoa linotsi le liboko tsa tsona;
- linate tsa phaene;
- monokotsoai, ho kenyelletsa rowan le blueberry, lingonberry le blueberry, ciliegia ea linonyana le currant, rosehip le cloudberry;
- limela ka mokhoa oa rosemary e hlaha;
- litopo tse fapaneng;
- mahe a linotši a linotsi.
Leha e le hore sable e hloa lifate hantle, phoofolo e joalo e ka tlolela sefateng se seng ho ea ho se seng ha feela ho na le makala a lifate a koetsoeng ka thata, ka hona, lijo tsa semela li na le moeli.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Ka ho khetheha molemong oa lijo tsa bona, ha ho nonyana e jang nama kapa liphoofolo tse tsomang. Leha ho le joalo, phoofolo e anyesang e na le bahlolisani ba 'maloa ba lijo, ermine le columnar. Tsona, hammoho le lisabole, li ja mefuta eohle ea litoeba tse kang litoeba, hape li khona ho loanela liphofu.
Sehlopha se ka sehloohong sa likotsi har'a li-sables se emeloa ke batho ba banyane ka ho fetesisa, hammoho le liphoofolo tsa khale haholo tse lahlehetsoeng ke lebelo nakong ea motsamao. Phoofolo e anyesang e fokolang e ka 'na ea oela phofu ea ntho e' ngoe le e 'ngoe e khōlō. Khama e nyane hangata e felisoa ke lintsu le liphakoe, hammoho le liphooko le linonyana tse ling tse kholo tse jang nama.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Ntle le sehla se ikatisang sa ho ikatisa, sable e phela bophelo bo ikhethileng ba masimong le boinotšing. E le molao, boholo ba sebaka se seng le se seng sa phoofolo e anyesang ea mammalia bo fapana ka boholo ba lihekthere tse 150-2000. Sebaka sena se sirelelitsoe ka mafolofolo ke mong'a sebaka sa marang-rang ho tsoa litsing tsa batho bao a sa ba tsebeng hangata, ntle le nako ea ho ikatisa. Nakong ena, banna ba loantšana bakeng sa basali, 'me hangata lintoa tse joalo li sehlōhō haholo ebile li na le mali.
Nako e sebetsang ea ho ikatisa e emeloa ke linako tse peli. Ka Hlakola kapa Hlakubele, libatana li qala nako ea seo ho thoeng ke leshano, 'me ea' nete e oela ka Phuptjane kapa Phupu. Basali ba baimana ba itokisetsa 'me ba behela lihlaha ka mekoting ea lifate kapa tlas'a metso e meholo ea limela. Sehlaha se seng se phethiloe ka botlalo se koahetsoe ke furu, boriba kapa boea ba litoeba tse jeoang tse 'maloa. Bokhachane ba sable bo na le nako e telele ea kholo ea kholo, 'me ke likhoeli tse robong ho isa ho tse leshome.
Hoa thahasellisa! Li-Sable li fihlela kholo ea thobalano ka lilemo tse peli ho isa ho tse tharo, mme lilemo tsa ho ba le bana botlamuoeng li nka lilemo tse ka bang leshome.
E tšehali e itšireletsa malinyane 'ohle, kahoo e khona ho hlasela le lintja tse haufi haholo le sehlaha. E tšehali kapele e fetisetsa bolokoe bo ferekaneng ho ea sehlaheng se seng se sireletsehileng.
E le molao, malinyane a mang a tsoala malinyane a mararo ho isa ho a supileng a sa feteng bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 11.0-11.5, a boima ba ligr tse 30. Hoo e ka bang khoeli, malinyane a bula litsebe tsa ona ka botlalo, 'me mahlo a bona - khoeli kapa nakoana hamorao. Masea a qala ho tloha sehlaheng sa 'ona a le khoeli le halofo,' me ka Phato lisabole tse seng li holile li fumana boipuso bo felletseng 'me li siea bo-mme.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Lekholong la leshome la metso e robong la lilemo, ma-sables a ne a lula ka bongata libakeng tse tsoang Leoatleng la Pacific ho ea Scandinavia, empa kajeno liphoofolo tse joalo tse nang le boea ha li fumanehe linaheng tsa Europe. Ka lebaka la ho ts'oasa litlhapi tse matla haholo lekholong la ho qetela la lilemo, palo e felletseng, hammoho le lethathamo la lisabole, li fokotsehile haholo. Phello ea pheliso e sehlōhō e bile boemo - "e haufi le ho timela".
Bakeng sa ho boloka palo ea liphoofolo tse hlaha tse jereng boea, ho ile ha nkuoa mehato e ikhethileng ea ts'ireletso, ho kenyelletsa le ho tsoala lisabole mehloling le phallisong libakeng tsa mantlha. Ho fihlela joale, boemo ba batho ba sable libakeng tse ngata tsa naha ea rona, ho kenyeletsoa le sebaka sa Troitsko-Pechora, ha se bake mathata a mangata. Ka 1970, palo ea batho e ne e le batho ba ka bang likete tse 200, ka hona sable e ile ea kenyelletsoa ho International Red Book (IUCN).
Hoa thahasellisa! Lilemong tse mashome a mahlano tse fetileng, li-sables li atlehile ho etsa mokoloko oa libaka tsa meru tse lefifi tse nang le lefifi tse haufi le phula ea Ural, 'me sebatana se tsongoa ka bongata ntle le tšehetso ea mmuso oa moruo.
Leha ho le joalo, molemong oa ho ntlafatsa kotulo ea sable, ho ile ha etsoa qeto ea ho phehella litsomi ho ts'oasa litlhapi tse sa lumelloang tsa mofuta o moholo oa boea ba naha. Ho bohlokoa hape ho laola kotulo nakong ea ho ba sieo ha phallo ea liphoofolo tsa bohlokoa, tse tla lumella ho boloka lisabole libakeng tsa ho tsoma.
