Phokojoe ke lebitso le akaretsang le kopanyang mefuta e meraro kapa e mene ea baemeli ba lelapa la canine (Canidae) le ba lulang Afrika le Asia, hape le karolong e ka boroa-bochabela ho Europe.
Tlhaloso ea phokojoe
Liphoofolo tse anyesang tse tsoang malapeng a li-canine (canine) le phiri (lat. Canis) li na le phapang ea mefuta. Leha ho le joalo, boteng ba liphoofolo tsa hlooho e bōpehileng joaloka chesele eseng hlooho e kholo e nang le thiba e bohale ho atile ho mefuta eohle.... Bolelele ba lehata, e le molao, ha bo fete lisenthimithara tse 17 ho isa ho tse 19. Li-canine li bohale, li kholo ebile li matla, li tšesaane hanyane, empa li ikamahantse hantle bakeng sa ponelopele. Iris ea mahlo e bosootho bo bobebe kapa bosootho bo lefifi. Litsebe li otlolohile, li arohane ka bophara, li batla li le lerootho.
Ponahalo
Liphokojoe li maemong a felletseng bakeng sa baemeli ba lelapa la canine (canine), 'me ka sebopeho sa' mele oa bona phoofolo e anyesang e tšoana le ntja e nyane e tsoileng tseleng:
- Phokojoe e metsero - e shebahala joalo ka liphokojoe tse mekokotlo e ntšo, 'me phapang e kholo ke thiba e khuts'oane e sephara. Mebala e bobebe e matha ka mahlakoreng, e hlileng e fileng mofuta oa mofuta oa phoofolo phoofolo. Karolo e hodimo ya mmele e bosootho bo boputswa, mme mohatla o mmala o lefifi ka ntlha e tshweu. Meno a mefuta ke a matla le a tsoetseng pele ho feta liphokojoe tsohle. Sebakeng sa anal le thiba molomo ho na le litšoelesa tse khethehileng tsa monko;
- Phokojwe e mokokotlo o motsho - e fapana ka 'mala o mofubelu-bohlooho ka moriri o lefifi ka mokokotlong, o etsang mofuta oa "lesela le letšo la saddle", le atolohelang mohatleng. Lesela lena la qalo ke karolo e ikhethang ea mefuta. Batho ba baholo ba na le bolelele ba 'mele ba 75-81 cm, mohatla o bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 30' me bophahamo bo pona ka lisenthimithara tse 50. Boima ba 'mele bo fihla ho 12-13 kg;
- Phokojoe e tloaelehileng - ke phoofolo e nyane, e tšoanang ka ponahalo e fokotsehileng. Bolelele ba 'mele o se nang mohatla ke cm e ka bang 75-80,' me bophahamo ba motho e moholo mahetleng hangata ha bo fete halofo ea mithara. Boima bo boholo ba phokojoe hangata bo fapana lipakeng tsa 8-10 kg. 'Mala o akaretsang oa boea o moputsoa, o na le moriti o mofubelu, o mosehla kapa o fawn. Sebakeng sa ka morao le ka mahlakoreng, 'mala o akaretsang o fetoha lithane tse ntšo,' me sebakeng sa mpa le 'metso,' mala o mosehla o bobebe o atile;
- Phokojoe ea Moethiopia - ke phoofolo e sefahleho se malelele le maoto a malelele, e nang le ponahalo e batlang e tšoana le ea lelapa. 'Mala oa boea o bofubelu bo lefifi, o nang le' metso o mosoeu o bobebe kapa o hloekileng, sefuba se bosoeu le lehlakore le ka hare la maoto le matsoho. Batho ba bang ba boetse ba khetholloa ka boteng ba mabala a khanyang likarolong tse ling tsa 'mele. Karolo e hodimo ya mohatla le bokantle ba ditsebe di mmala o motsho. Boima ba boima ba monna e moholo ke 15-16 kg, mme ya mosadi ha e fete 12-13 kg. Bophahamo ba phoofolo mahetleng bo ka har'a 60 cm.
Hoa thahasellisa! 'Mala oa phokojoe o fapana haholo ho latela litšobotsi tsa sebaka sa bolulo, empa boea ba lehlabula hangata bo bobebe ebile bo bokhutšoanyane ho feta moriri oa mariha, hape bo na le' mala o mofubelu haholoanyane.
Phokojoe molt habeli ka selemo: nakong ea selemo le ka hoetla, 'me seaparo sa batho ba phetseng hantle sea fetoha nakong ea libeke tse' maloa.
Botho le mokhoa oa bophelo
Phapang e 'ngoe e kholo lipakeng tsa phokojoe e metsero ke mokhoa oa eona oa ho phela bosiu,' me phoofolo ka 'ngoe e abeloa sebaka se seholo sa ho tsoma. Leha ho le joalo, semelo sa liphoofolo tsena ha se ithutiloe hampe hajoale, ka lebaka la ho boloka lekunutu le ho se tšepe batho.
Liphokojoe tse tloaelehileng ke tsa sehlopha sa liphoofolo tse lutseng li sa falle ka linako tse ling tsa selemo. Ka linako tse ling baemeli ba mofuta ona ba khona ho ea hole le libaka tsa bona tsa ka ho sa feleng ho ea batla lijo tse bonolo, hape hangata ba fumanoa libakeng tse nang le tahlehelo e kholo ea mehlape kapa li-ungulates tse kholo tse lekaneng tse ba lumellang ho fepa setopo.
Liphokojoe tsa Ethiopia ke liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo nako eohle. Batho ba Oromo, ba ahileng karolong e ka boroa ea Ethiopia, ba reha phoofolo e mano joalo "phokojoe ea pere", e leng ka lebaka la litloaelo tsa phoofolo e jang nama le bokhoni ba eona ba ho felehetsa likhomo tse emereng le malinyane e le hore li ka ja li-placenta tse lahliloeng hang kamora ho beleha. Har'a tse ling, mofuta ona ke sebaka le ho nyala mosali a le mong.
Hoa thahasellisa! Liphokojoe tse tšehelitsoeng ka botšo li ts'epa haholo, li kopana habonolo le batho mme li tloaela batho kapele, ka hona ka linako tse ling li fetoha liphoofolo tse bonolo.
Liphoofolo tse nyane hangata li lula sebakeng sa tsoalo ea bona, moo batho ba 2-8 ba kopaneng ka mehlape. Basali ba tloha sebakeng sa tsoalo ea bona kapele haholo, e tsamaeang le bophahamo ba lipalo ba banna libakeng tse ling.
Ke liphokojoe tse kae tse phelang
Tšepo ea bophelo maemong a tlhaho a liphokojoe tse metsero ha e fete lilemo tse leshome le metso e 'meli,' me phokojoe e tloaelehileng tikolohong ea tlhaho e ka phela lilemo tse ka bang leshome le metso e mene. Mefuta e meng ea liphokojoe le eona e phela nakong ea lilemo tse leshome ho isa ho tse leshome le metso e 'meli.
Dimorphism ea thobalano
Boholo ba 'mele oa motho e moholo hangata bo nkuoa e le matšoao a phapang ea thobalano ho liphokojoe. Mohlala, liphokojoe tse tona tse metsero li kholo ho feta tse tšehali tse holileng ka thobalano tsa mofuta ona.
Mefuta ea liphokojoe
Leha ho na le ho tšoana ho hlakileng kantle, ha se mefuta eohle ea liphokojoe tse nang le kamano e haufi.
- Phokojoe e metsero (Canis adustus), e emeloang ke subspecies C.a. bweha, C.a. bohareng, C.a. kaffensis le C.a. lateralis;
- Phokojoe e ntšo e ntšo (Canis mesomelas), e emeloang ke subspecies C.m. mesomelas le C.m. schmidti;
- Phokojoe ea Asia kapa e tloaelehileng (Canis aureus), e emeloang ke subspecies C.a. maeoticus le C.a. aureus;
- Phokojoe ea Moethiopia (Canis simensis) - hajoale ke ea mofuta o fumanehang ka seoelo lelapeng la Canis.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ka lebaka la lithuto tsa morao-rao tsa limolek'hule, bo-rasaense ba atlehile ho paka hore liphokojoe tsohle tsa Ethiopia li tsoa phiring e tloaelehileng.
Re lokela ho hlokomela hore liphokojoe tse metsero le tse mekokotlo e metšo, li atamelane haholo, li khonne ho arohana le liphiri le lintja tse ling tse hlaha tsa MaEasia le tsa Afrika lilemong tse ka bang limilione tse tšeletseng kapa tse supileng tse fetileng.
Habitat, habitats
Liphokojoe tse metsero li atile hohle Afrika Boroa le Bohareng, moo baemeli ba mofuta ona ba ratang ho lula libakeng tse nang le meru le masabasabeng haufi le moo batho ba lulang teng. Libakeng tse joalo, phokojoe e metsero hangata e bapile le mefuta e meng, empa e atile hofeta malinyane a eona. Liphokojoe tse tšehelitsoeng ka botšo li fumaneha Afrika Boroa, hape li fumaneha lebopong le ka bochabela la naha, ho tloha Cape of Good Hope ho ea Namibia.
Liphokojoe tse tloaelehileng li lula libakeng tse ngata. Ho pholletsa le bolelele bohle ba phoofolo, phoofolo e joalo e khetha libaka tse koahetsoeng haholo ke lihlahla, marulelo a lehlaka haufi le 'mele ea metsi, lits'ebetso tse lahliloeng tsa ho khutlisa tse nang le likanale le mapolesa a lehlaka. Lithabeng, baemeli ba mofuta ona ba nyolohela bophahamong bo sa feteng limithara tse 2 500, 'me le mosikong oa phoofolo phoofolo ha e tloaelehe haholo. Leha ho le joalo, boteng ba 'mele ea metsi sebakeng sa phokojoe e tloaelehileng ke ntho e lakatsehang ho feta ntho e tlamang.
Hoa thahasellisa! Liphokojoe li khona ho mamella habonolo mebuso e nang le mocheso o tlase ho fihla ho 35 ° C, empa ha li khone ho fetela sekoahelong se tebileng haholo sa lehloa, ka hona, mariha a lehloa, sebata se tsamaea feela litselaneng tse hatakeloang ke batho kapa liphoofolo tse kholo.
Pharalla le bolulo ba phokojoe ea Ethiopia e arotsoe ka baahi ba fapaneng ba supileng, bao ba bahlano ba bona ba leng karolong e ka leboea ea lekhalo la Ethiopia, 'me tse peli tse kholo li karolong e ka boroa, ho kenyeletsoa le sebaka sohle sa Ethiopia. Re lokela ho hlokomela hore liphokojoe tsa Ethiopia li khethehile haholo tikolohong. Liphoofolo tse joalo li lula feela libakeng tse se nang lifate tse bophahamong ba limithara tse likete tse tharo le ho phahama hanyane, li lula libakeng tsa lithaba tsa alpine.
Lijo tsa phokojoe
Mokhoa o tloaelehileng oa phukubje oa ho ja o na le litholoana le liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nyane, ho kenyeletsoa likhoto, hammoho le likokoanyana tse ling. Papali e kholohali eo phokojoe e khonang ho e ts'oasa ke mmutla. Leha ho le joalo, tšobotsi ea mantlha ea phokojoe e metsero ke ho ba sieo ha setopo lijong - phoofolo e khetha likokoanyana mme e phela phofu.
Phokojwe e tlwaelehileng ke phoofolo e ratang ho ja haholo e ratang ho fepa haholo ha e eba bosiu.... Carrion e bohlokoa haholo lijong tsa phoofolo ena. Batho ba baholo ka boithatelo ba tšoasa linonyana le liphoofolo tse nyane tse fapaneng, ba fepa mekholutsoane, linoha le lihoho, likhofu, ba ja likokoanyana tse ngata, ho kenyeletsoa le marutle le liboko tse fapaneng. Liphokojoe li batla litlhapi tse shoeleng haufi le 'mele ea metsi,' me mariha a matla haholo li tsoma linonyana tsa metsing. Setopo se jeoa ke liphokojoe hammoho le manong.
Liphokojoe hangata li ea tsoma li le bang kapa ka bobeli. Tabeng ena, phoofolo e le 'ngoe e khanna phofu,' me ea bobeli ea e bolaea. Ka lebaka la ho qhomela holimo, phoofolo e anyesang e khona ho tšoara linonyana tse seng li tlohetse moeeng. Hangata, pheasants le warblers ba tšoaroa ke litlhaselo tsa liphokojoe. Batho ba baholo ba ja monokotšoai le litholoana ka mafolofolo, 'me ba lula haufi le bolulo ba batho, sebata se na le monyetla oa ho fepa lithōle ka liqubu tsa lithōle le lithotobolo tsa matlakala ka litšila tsa lapeng.
Hoa thahasellisa! Phokojoe e lerata haholo ebile e na le molumo o moholo, 'me pele e tsoa ho ea tsoma, phoofolo e joalo e ntša molumo o phahameng, o re hopotsang mohoo o phahameng o llang, o nkuoang hanghang ke batho ba bang ba haufi.
Hoo e ka bang 95% ea kakaretso ea lijo tsa phokojoe ea Ethiopia e emeloa ke litoeba. Libata tsa mofuta ona li tsoma ka thata lintsintsi tse foufetseng tsa Afrika le baemeli ba bang ba lelapa la Bathyergidae, boholo bo boholo. Likhoto le mefuta e fapaneng ea litoeba hangata ha se liphofu tsa phokojoe ea Ethiopia. Ka linako tse ling phoofolo e jang liphoofolo tse jang nama e tšoara malinyane le malinyane. Phofu e fumanoa libakeng tse bulehileng, 'me linyeoe tsa liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo li se li sa fumanehe haholo.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Nako ya ho ikatisa ha liphokojoe tse metsero ka kotloloho e ipapisitse le jeokrafi ea kabo, 'me nako ea ho emara e nka karolelano ea matsatsi a 57-70, kamora moo malinyane a mararo kapa a mane a hlaha nakong ea lipula. Liphokojoe tse metsero li iketsetsa mokoti oa tsona liqubu tsa bohloa kapa li sebelisa mekoti ea khale ea aardvark molemong oa sena. Ka nako e nngwe phokojwe e tshehadi e cheka mokoti e le mong.
Matsatsing a pele kamora ho hlaha ha malinyane, e tona ka boeona e fa e tšehali e fepang lijo. Nako ya ho fepa lebese e nka beke le halofo, kamora moo e tshehadi e ya tsoma mmoho le e tona mme di fepa bana ba tsona ba ntseng ba hola mmoho. Liphokojoe tse metsero ke liphoofolo tse nang le molekane a le mong tse lulang ka bobeli.
Lipere tsa liphokojoe tse tloaelehileng li theoa hang le ka ho sa feleng, 'me tse tona li nka karolo e mafolofolo molemong oa ho hlophisa sekoti le ho holisa malinyane a tsona. Mocheso oa basali o hlaha ho tloha lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng tsa Pherekhong ho isa ho Hlakubele kapa Hlakubele. Nakong ea moetlo, liphokojoe li lla haholo le ka bohale. Bokhachane bo nka matsatsi a 60-63 ka karolelano, 'me malinyane a tsoaloa mafelong a Hlakubele kapa pele ho lehlabula. Malinyane a basali ka mokoting o hlophisitsoeng sebakeng se ke keng sa feta.
Manamane a fepuoa ka lebese ho fihlela a le likhoeli tse peli kapa tse tharo, empa ha a le libeke tse ka bang tharo, e tšehali e qala ho fepa malinyane a eona, e khutlisetse lijo tse metsitsoeng. Qaleho ea hoetla, bacha ba ikemela, ka hona ba ea tsoma ba le bang kapa ka lihlotšoana... Basali ba holisoa ka thobalano ka selemo, le ba batona ka lilemo tse peli.
Hoa thahasellisa! Phokojoe e fihla kholo ea thobalano e le likhoeli tse tšeletseng ho isa ho tse robeli, empa bacha ba tlohela lelapa selemo feela.
Ho nyalana ho baemeli ba mefuta e sa tloaelehang ea liphokojoe tsa Ethiopia ho hlaha ka linako tsa selemo, ka Phato-Loetse, 'me bana ba hlaha likhoeli tse' maloa. Hangata, ho na le malinyane a 2-6 a fepuoang ke litho tsohle tsa pakete.
Ka har'a pakete, ke li-alpha pair feela tse atisang ho tsoala, tse emeloang ke moetapele le mosali oa hae ea holileng tsebong. Liphoofolo tse nyane li qala ho tsamaea le litho tsa pakete feela ho tloha ha li le likhoeli tse tšeletseng, 'me liphoofolo li hola ka botlalo li le lilemo li peli.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Mofuta ofe kapa ofe oa phokojoe o na le lira tse ngata tsa tlhaho. Bakeng sa phoofolo e hlaha e fokolang e batlang e fokola, hoo e ka bang liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse boholo bo mahareng le bo boholo li ka baka kotsi. Mohlala, seboka le liphiri, moo lehae la tsona le kopanang le bolulo ba liphokojoe, ha se monate bakeng sa morao. Haufi le bolulo, liphokojoe li ka longoa ke lintja tse tloaelehileng tsa jareteng.
Ho tsoma phoofolo ena e anyesang ho kenya letsoho phokotsong ea palo ea liphokojoe tse ntšo. Boea ba mofuta ona bo bonolo ebile bo teteaneng, ka hona, Afrika Boroa, matlalo (psovina) a liphokojoe tse tšehelitsoeng ka botšo a sebelisetsoa ho etsa limmete tsa boea (tse bitsoang karos). Limela tsa masapo, tseo ka linako tse ling li fumanoang lehata la liphokojoe tse tloaelehileng 'me li na le moriri o molelele, li nkuoa libakeng tse ngata tsa India e le seroala se hloahloa, se bitsoang "manaka a phokojoe".
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Ho baahi ba supileng ba phokojoe ea Ethiopia, ke se le seng feela, se ahileng Lithabeng tsa Bale, se nang le batho ba fetang lekholo, mme palo yohle ea mofuta ona hajoale e ka ba liphoofolo tse kholo tse ka bang makholo a tšeletseng. Lintho tse matla ka ho fetisisa tse sokelang boteng ba mofuta o mong li patisane haholo. Ha ho bohlokoa hakaalo ho fokotsa palo yohle ea phokojoe ea Ethiopia, e khethiloeng e le mofuta o kotsing ea ho fela, hape ke mefuta eohle ea mafu ao libatana li a tšoaetsang lintja tse kulang tsa malapeng.
Hoa thahasellisa! Phoofolo e jang liphoofolo e tloaetsoe ho lula feela makhulong a lithaba a nang le boemo ba leholimo bo pholileng, 'me sebaka sa libaka tse joalo se ntse se fokotseha tlasa phello e mpe ea ho futhumala ha lefatše.
Nako le nako, liphokojoe tsa Ethiopia li tsongoa ke batho ba merabe ena, hobane matla a folisang a makatsang a amahanngoa le sebete sa phoofolo ena e jang nama. Phokojoe ea Ethiopia hajoale e thathamisitsoe maqepheng a Red Book e le mofuta o kotsing e mpe haholo. Kabo e atlehileng ea phokojoe e tloaelehileng e hlalosoa ke ts'ebetso e phahameng ea ho falla ea phoofolo, hammoho le bokhoni ba eona ba ho sebelisa libaka tse fapaneng tsa anthropogenic.
Leha ho le joalo, nakong e fetileng, mefuta e meng ea liphokojoe e ne e fumaneha seoelo.... Ka mohlala, Serbia le Albania, 'me ho tloha ka 1962 le naheng ea Bulgaria, ho tsoma phokojoe ho ne ho thibetsoe. Kajeno, baahi ba phoofolo e anyesang joalo ba fuoe boemo bo loketseng "Ka ntle ho kotsi", e leng ka lebaka la ho fetoha ha maemo le ho fetoha ha liphoofolo hofeta libakeng tse fapaneng.
