Pheleu e putsoa (genus Pseudois), e bitsoang bharal kapa nakhur libakeng tsa bolulo, e lula mekoloko ea lithaba, hoo e batlang e le China kaofela, ho tloha Inner Mongolia ho ea Himalaya. Leha e na le lebitso la eona, phoofolo ena ha e na kamano le linku kapa boputsoa. Joalokaha lithuto tsa morphological, boits'oaro le limolek'hule li bonts'itse, linku tsena tse sootho le tse sootho tse sootho li hlile li amana haholo le lipoli tsa Copra. 'Me joale ho feta moo ka artiodactyl e makatsang.
Tlhaloso ea nahur
Le ha nakhura e bitsoa pheleu e putsoa, e shebahala joalo ka poli... Ke artiodactyl e kholo ea thaba e bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 115-165, bolelele ba lehetla la lisenthimithara tse 75-90, mohatla bolelele ba 10-20, le boima ba 'mele oa kilograma tse 35-75. Tse tona ke taelo ea boholo bo boholo ho feta tse tšehali. Bong ka bong bo nale manaka a hodima hlooho. Ho banna, li kholo ho feta, li hola ho ea holimo ka sebopeho se kobehileng, li khutlile hanyane. Linaka tsa nahur e tona li fihla bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 80. Ho "mafumahali" a makhuts'oane haholo ebile a otlolohile, mme a hola feela ho fihlela ho 20 cm.
Ponahalo
Boea ba Bharal bo na le 'mala ho tloha bosootho bo boputsoa ho isa ho shale putsoa, ke ka hona lebitso le tloaelehileng la linku tse putsoa. Boea ka bobona bo bokhutšoanyane ebile bo thata, tšobotsi ea litelu ea li-artiodactyl tse ngata ha e eo. Ho na le mola o motšo haufi le 'mele, ka pono o arola mokokotlo o kaholimo ho lehlakore le lesoeu. Hape, leqhoele le tšoanang le arola thiba molomo, le feta ka nko. Bokamorao ba lirope bo bobebe, ba bang kaofela ba fifetse, ba atamela moriting ho ba batsho.
Mokgwa wa bophelo, boitshwaro
Lipheleu tse putsoa li sebetsa haholo hoseng, mantsiboea le motšehare. Ba phela haholo ka mehlape, leha ho na le batho ba masoha. Mehlape e ka ba le tse tona kapa tse tšehali feela tse nang le malinyane. Ho boetse ho na le mefuta e tsoakaneng eo ho eona bong ka bobeli bo leng teng, mekhahlelo ea lilemo tsa batho ba baholo le bana. Mefuta ea mehlape e fapana ho tloha linkung tse peli tse putsoa (hangata e tšehali le lesea la hae) ho isa ho lihlooho tse 400.
Leha ho le joalo, lihlopha tse ngata tsa linku li na le liphoofolo tse ka bang 30. Hlabula, tse tona tsa mehlape ea libaka tse ling li arohanngoa le tse tšehali. Nako ya bophelo ya phoofolo ke dilemo tse 11 ho isa ho tse 15. Nako ea tsona ea ho lula lefats'eng e fokotsoa haholo ke libatana, tse sa hanyetsaneng le ho ja tse litšila. Har'a tsena, haholo liphiri le mangau. Hape, bharal ke lehlatsipa le ka sehloohong la lengau la lehloa sehlabeng sa Tibetan.
Pale ea boitšoaro ea nku e putsoa e na le motsoako oa litloaelo tsa poli le nku. Lihlopha li lula matsoapong a se nang lifate, makhulong a lithaba le libakeng tsa lihlahla tse kaholimo ho moru. Hape matsoapong a batlang a le bonolo a nang le joang, haufi le mafika, a sebetsang e le litsela tsa bohlokoa tsa ho baleha ho libatana. Khetho ena ea naha e ts'oana le boits'oaro ba lipoli, tse atisang ho fumanoa matsoapong a maholo le mafikeng a majoe. Linku li rata maralla a batlang a le bonolo a koahetsoeng ke joang le lihlaha, empa hangata a ntse a le ka har'a limithara tse 200 tsa majoe, a ka hloang ka potlako ho baleha liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo.
Hoa thahasellisa!Motsoako o motle oa 'mala o lumella phoofolo ho lalla le ho kopana le likarolo tsa naha hore e se ke ea bonoa. Linku tse putsoa li matha feela haeba sebatana se li hlokometse hantle.
Linku tse putsoa tse sa pheleng (P.schaeferi) li lula matsoapong a omeletseng, a omeletseng, a nyopa a Yangtze River Gorge (limithara tse 2600-3200 kaholimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle). Ka holim'a matsoapo ana, sebaka sa moru se bolelele ba limithara tse 1000 ho ea ho makhulo a lithaba, moo ho nang le makhetlo a fetang a leshome ho a mang. Ho khahlisang ke hore ke mofuta oa linaka o bonts'ang boleng ba bophelo ba phoofolo le lehae. Linku tse "lehlohonolo" haholo li na le manaka a matenya le a malelele.
Ka mamello e matla bakeng sa maemo a feteletseng a tikoloho, linku tse putsoa li ka fumanoa libakeng tse fapaneng ho tloha ho chesa le ho omella ho bata, moea le lehloa, tse bophahamong bo ka tlase ho limithara tse 1200 ho isa ho limithara tse 5300. Linku li abuoa holim'a sehlaba sa Tibetan, hammoho le lithabeng tsa boahelani le haufi. Sebaka sa linku tse putsoa se kenyelletsa Tibet, libaka tsa Pakistan, India, Nepal le Bhutan, tse moeling oa Tibet, hammoho le likarolo tsa liprofinse tsa China tsa Xinjiang, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan le Ningxia.
Nku e putsoa e putsoa e lula maralleng a omileng, a omeletseng a Phula ea Noka ea Yangtze, bophahamong ba limithara tse 2,600 ho isa ho tse 3 200... E fumanoa leboea, boroa le bophirima ho Setereke sa Batan Kham (Profinseng ea Sichuan). Nakhur e tloaelehileng le eona e lula sebakeng sena, empa e lula mefuteng ea lithaba libakeng tse phahameng ho feta baemeli ba metsing. Kakaretso ea limithara tse ka bang 1 000 tsa sebaka sa meru e arola mefuta ena e 'meli.
Ho phela nakhur tse kae
Bharal o fihlela kholo ea thobalano a le selemo se le seng le halofo. Thobalano e etsahala pakeng tsa Mphalane le Pherekhong. Kamora matsatsi a 160 a emere, hangata e tšehali e tsoala konyana e le 'ngoe, e khoesitsoeng likhoeli tse 6 kamora ho hlaha. Nako ea bophelo ea pheleu e putsoa e ka ba lilemo tse 12-15.
Dimorphism ea thobalano
Linku tse putsoa li na le sebopeho se hlakileng sa thobalano. Banna ke taelo ea boholo bo boholo ho feta basali, karolelano phapang ea boima ba 'mele e tsoa ho li-kilogramme tse 20 ho isa ho tse 30. E tona e boima bo boholo ba lik’hilograma tse 60-75, ha tse tšehali li sa fihle ho tse 45. Tse tona tse hōlileng li na le manaka a matle, ho e-na le a maholo, a phuthulohileng (a bolelele bo fetang lisenthimithara tse 50 le boima ba lik’hilograma tse 7-9), ha tse tšehali li le nyenyane haholo.
Tse tona ha li na litelu, li letsitse mangoleng, kapa monko o matla oa 'mele o fumanoang linku tse ling tse ngata. Li na le mohatla o sephara, o pharaletseng o se nang bokaholimo, e nang le matšoao a hlahelletseng ka pele, le litlhako tse kholo tse kang tsa poli. Liphuputso tsa sejoale-joale tse ipapisitseng le litlhahlobo tsa boits'oaro le chromosomal li pakile hore ke tsa mofuta o moholo oa lipoli ho feta linku.
Habitat, habitats
Mofuta ona o fumaneha Bhutan, China (Gansu, moeling oa Ningxia-Inner Mongolia, Qinghai, Sichuan, Tibet, boroa-bochabela ho Xinjiang le leboea la Yunnan), leboea India, leboea ho Myanmar, Nepal le leboea la Pakistan. Mehloli e mengata e boletse hore mofuta ona o teng Tajikistan (Grubb 2005), empa ho fihlela haufinyane ho ne ho se na bopaki ba sena.
Lekhetho lena le lula le atile haholo meeling ea lona e meholo ho parola lehlaba la Tibetane Chaena. Mona, kabo ea eona e tsoa bophirima ho Tibet, boroa-bophirima ho Xinjiang, moo lithabeng tse moeling oa bophirima ho Aru Ko, ho nang le baahi ba fokolang ba phallelang ka bochabela ho pholletsa le sebaka se ikemetseng. Boemo boa ts'oana le ka boroa ho Xinjiang, haufi le lithaba tsa Kunlun le Arjun.
Linku tse putsoa li teng libakeng tse ngata tsa bophirima le boroa ba lithaba tsa Qinghai ka bochabela ho Sichuan le leboea-bophirima ho Yunnan, hammoho le tikolohong ea Kilian le libaka tse amanang le Gansu.
Hoa thahasellisa!Karolo e ka bochabela ea kabo ea eona ea hajoale e bonahala e shebane le Helan Shan, e leng moeli o ka bophirima oa Setereke se Ikemetseng sa Ningxia Hui (se nang le Inner Mongolia).
Nahur e fumaneha leboea ho Bhutan, hole le limithara tse fetang 4000-400 ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle... Linku tse putsoa li ajoa ka mafolofolo libakeng tsohle tse ka leboea tsa Himalaya le libakeng tse haufi tsa India, leha boholo ba kabo e ka bochabela moeling o ka leboea oa Arunachal Pradesh bo ntse bo sa tsejoe. Li ratoa haholo libakeng tse ngata tsa East Ladakh (Jammu le Kashmir), hammoho le likarolo tsa Spiti le Phula e kaholimo ea Parvati, ka leboea ho Himachal Pradesh.
Linku tse putsoa li tsejoa hore li fumaneha Govind Pashu Vihar Wildlife Sanctuary le Nanda Devi National Park, hammoho le haufi le Badrinath (Uttar Pradesh), matsoapong a phororo ea Hangsen Dzonga (Sikkim) le ka bochabela ho Arunachal Pradesh.
Haufinyane, boteng ba linku tsena bo netefalitsoe k'honeng e ka leboea-bophirima ho Arunachal Pradesh, haufi le moeli le Bhutan le China. Nepal, li ajoa ka potlako leboea ho Great Himalaya ho tloha moeling le India le Tibet ka leboea-bophirima hole, ka bochabela ho feta Dolpo le Mustang ho ea sebakeng sa Gorkha leboea bohareng ba Nepal. Sebaka se ka sehloohong sa kabo ea linku tse putsoa se Pakistan, 'me se kenyelletsa phula e kaholimo ea Gujerab le sebaka sa Gilgit, ho kenyeletsoa karolo ea Khunjerab National Park.
Lijo tsa linku tse putsoa
Bharal e fepa joang, lichen, limela tse thata tse nang le litlama le boriba.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Linku tse putsoa li hola ka ho phethahala lipakeng tsa selemo se le seng le tse peli, empa bongata ba tse tona ha li khone ho ba bathusi ba felletseng ba mohlape ho fihlela li le lilemo li supileng. Nako ya ho kopanya le ho hlaha ha dinku e ya fapana ho ya ka meedi ya sebaka seo phoofolo e dulang ho sona. Ka kakaretso, linku tse putsoa li fumanoa li kopane nakong ea mariha ebe li tsoala hlabula. Katleho ea ho ikatisa e latela maemo a leholimo le phumaneho ea lijo. Nako ea bokhachane ea nku ea bharala ke matsatsi a 160. Mosali e mong le e mong ea moimana o na le ngoana a le mong. Bana ba khoesoa ha ba le likhoeli tse ka bang tse tšeletseng.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Bharal ke phoofolo e ikemetseng kapa e phela ka lihlopha tsa batho ba 20-40, hangata e le ba bong bo tšoanang. Liphoofolo tsena li mafolofolo motšehare, li qeta boholo ba nako ea tsona li fepa le ho phomola. Ka lebaka la pente ea eona e ntle ea ho ipata, nahur e khona ho ipata ha sera se atamela 'me se sa tsejoe.
Libata tse ka sehloohong tse mo tsomang ke lengau la Amur le mangau a tloaelehileng. Likonyana tsa Nahura li ka oela liphofu tse nyane haholo joalo ka liphokojoe, liphiri kapa lintsu tse khubelu.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Boemo bo amanang le monyetla oa ho timela ha linku tse putsoa bo hlalosoa e le bo kotsi ka ho fetisisa lenaneng le lefubelu la IUCN la 2003... Bharal e sirelelitsoe Chaena mme e thathamisitsoe ho Shejulu ea III ea Molao oa Ts'ireletso ea Liphoofolo tsa Naha oa 1972. Boholo ba palo ea baahi bo tloha ho 47,000 ho isa ho 414,000 artiodactyls.
Hoa thahasellisa!Nku e putsoa e putsoa e khethollotsoe e le kotsing e kholo Lenaneng le Lefubelu la IUCN la 2003 mme e sirelelitsoe tlasa melao ea Sichuan. Ho hakanngoa hore ka 1997 ho na le linku tse ka bang 200 tse senyane tse setseng.
Ho fokotseha ha palo ea linku tse putsoa ho ipapisitse haholo le linako tsa ho tsoma. Ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1960 ho isa lilemong tsa bo-80, tse ngata tsa linku tsena li ile tsa felisoa khoebong profinseng ea Qinghai ea China. Hoo e ka bang li-kilogram tsa 100,000-200,000 tsa nama e putsoa ea Qinghai li ne li romeloa kantle ho naha selemo se seng le se seng 'marakeng oa mabothobotho Europe, haholo Jeremane. Ho tsoma, moo bahahlauli ba tsoang kantle ho naha ba neng ba bolaea banna ba holileng tsebong, ho ile ha susumetsa ka matla sebopeho sa lilemo tsa batho ba bang. Leha ho le joalo, linku tse putsoa li ntse li atile ebile li na le libaka tse ling tse ngata.
