Ke eena ea bitsoang moholo-holo oa linku tse ruuoang. Mouflon, le hoja e le nyane ho feta lipheleu tse ling tsa lithabeng, empa joaloka tsona, e tlameha ho jara manaka a boima a sothehileng bophelo bohle ba eona.
Tlhaloso ea mouflon
Ovis gmelini (aka Ovis ovis) ke phoofolo e khanyang ea artiodactyl e tsoang lelokong la linku, e leng karolo ea lelapa la bovid. Ho ea ka e 'ngoe ea lihlopha, mofuta ona o na le li-subspecies tse 5: European, Cypriot, Armenian, Isfahan le marflon ea Laristani.
Ponahalo
Ho feta tse ling, li-subspecies tse 3 tsa mouflon li ithutiloe (European, Transcaucasian le Cypriot), tse khetholloang ke sebaka sa tsona le mekhabiso e meng ea bokantle.
Cyprase, ka lebaka la ho ba teng ha eona ka thoko sehlekehlekeng sena, e fumane tšobotsi ea eona e ikhethang: mouflon ena, e lulang feela morung, e nyane hanyane ho feta beng ka bona ba mefuta e meng. Mebala e fapana ho tloha ho e bosootho bo bosootho ho ea ho e bosootho bo lefifi, empa mpa, litlhako tse tlase le nko li tšoeu.
Bohareng ba lehlabula "sale" e hlaha mokokotlong oa phoofolo - e bosoeu bo bosehla kapa bohlooho bo bobebe. Ka boemo ba leholimo bo batang, mouflon e fumana moetse: boea ba nape bo ba bongata ebile bo thata. Tlhaloso e khethollang ke mola o motšo o tsoang hloohong, o matha ka hohle mokokotlong mme o qetella ka mohatla o mokhutšoane.
'Nete. Molt bakeng sa li-mouflon e qala qetellong ea Hlakola mme e fela ka Mots'eanong. Ho tloha ka Mots'eanong ho fihlela Phato, ba apara seaparo sa lehlabula, seo ka Loetse se tla qala ho nkeloa sebaka ke seaparo sa mariha, se nkang sebopeho sa sona sa ho qetela pejana ho la December.
Mouflon ea Europe e bitsoa pheleu ea ho qetela e hlaha naheng ea Europe. E na le kobo e kgutshwane e lekanang (e marapo sefubeng), bokgubedu bo sootho mokokotlong le bosweu mpeng. Mariha, karolo e kaholimo ea 'mele e ba sootho-chestnut.
Mouflon oa Transcaucasian o moholo hanyane ho feta nku e ruuoang, e tšesaane ebile e matla, e na le boea bo bofubelu bo bofubelu, bo hlapolotsoeng ka bosoeu bo bosoeu (ka sebopeho sa sale). Sefuba hangata se sootho bo lefifi, 'me moriti o ts'oanang o bonoa kapele ho maoto a pele.
Mariha, baki e khanya hanyane ho ea bofubelu bo sootho, bo bofubelu bo mosehla le bo bofubelu ba chestnut. Hape, ke serame, mouflon e hola (molaleng / sefubeng) phoka e khuts'oane e ntšo, empa mpa le maoto a tlase a lula a le masoeu.
Liphoofolo tse nyane li koahetsoe ke boea bo bosootho bo boputsoa.
Litekanyo tsa Mouflon
Mofero oa lithaba oa Transcaucasian o ka pele ho li-mouflon tse ling ka boholo, o hola ho fihlela ho 80-95 cm ha o pona ka bolelele ba mithara ea 1.5 le ho fihlela boima ba 80 kg. Mouflon ea Europe e bonts'a litekanyo tse itekanetseng - 'mele oa limithara tse 1,25 (moo lisenthimithara tse 10 li oelang mohatleng) le ho fihla ho 75 cm ha li pona ka boima ba lik'hilograma tse 40 ho isa ho tse 50. Bolelele ba mouflon oa Cyprase ke hoo e ka bang limithara tse 1,1 ka bophahamo ha bo pona ba lisenthimithara tse 65 ho isa ho tse 70 le boima bo boholo ba lik'hilograma tse 35.
Mokgwa wa bophelo
Metseng ea lehlabula ea li-mouflon e na le liphoofolo tse 5 ho isa ho tse 20: hangata, tsena ke tse tšehali tse nang le malinyane, tseo ka linako tse ling li tsamaeang le banna ba baholo ba 1-2. Tse morao, leha ho le joalo, hangata li lula ka lihlopha tse arohaneng, ho lumella boteng ba basali ba se nang balekane moo. Banna ba baholo ba qobelloa ho phela e le batšoaruoa, ba le bang.
Qetellong ea hoetla, mehlape e menyenyane e bokella mohlapeng o le mong o matla, e ka bang lihlooho tsa 150-200, eo moetapele oa eona e leng e tona e nang le boiphihlelo. O etella pele mohlape 'me ka nako e ts'oanang o sebetsa joalo ka molebeli, a hloella lejoe / hillock mme a nyarela hole ha li-mouflon li phomotse kapa li fula.
Tse thahasellisang. Ha a lemoha kotsi, moetapele o hata leoto la hae hodimo mme o a matha, a beha mohlala bakeng sa mohlape kaofela. Ho matha ha mouflon ho bobebe ebile ho potlakile - ka linako tse ling ho thata ho hlokomela hore na litlhako tsa eona li ama lefatše joang.
Haeba ho hlokahala, mouflon e tlolela hofihlella ho 1.5 m kapa e tlole 10 m tlase, ka boikitlaetso e tlola lihlahleng le majoe a maholohali. Ha e tlōla, pheleu e lahlela hlooho ea eona ka manaka ebe e koala maoto a eona a ka pele le a ka morao, ebe e lula e arohane.
Sebakeng se khethiloeng, li-mouflon li phela ka mokhoa oa ho lula fatše le libaka tsa "staked" tsa ho phomola, ho fula le ho nosetsa. Nakong ea liphetoho, li matha litseleng tse tšoanang, li hatakela litsela tse hlokomelehang tseo liphoofolo tse ling le tsona li li sebelisang nako le nako.
Thapameng e chesang ea lehlabula, lipheleu li phomola ka tlas’a likhurumetso tse majoe, likhohlong kapa moriting oa lifate tse khōlō. Libethe li lula li le teng ka linako tse ling 'me ka linako tse ling li shebahala joalo ka mekoti, kaha lipheleu li li hataketse ka botebo ho lekana, e ka bang mithara le halofo. Mariha, mohlape o fula ho fihlela ka shoalane, o ipata mekoting ha lehloa le foka kapa serame se matla se otla.
Mouflon e hoeletsa haholo joaloka nku e ruuoang, empa melumo ea eona e ea holimo le ho feta. Liphoofolo li sebelisa lipontšo tsa lentsoe khafetsa, ho lemosa ka kotsi le ho penya ha litho tsa mohlape.
Bolele ba bophelo
Li-mouflon, ho sa tsotelehe li-subspecies, li lula maemong a tlhaho lilemo tse ka bang 12-15. Ke batho ba fokolang ba tsebang hore linaka tsa eona tse boima li ikarabella ho bolelele ba mouflon. Li na le mokong, o hlahisang lisele tsa mali. Ke bona ba tsamaisang oksijene 'meleng oohle, ntle le eona mouflon e ka bipetsa lithabeng, moo moea o leng mosesane haholo. Ha ho phahamisoa holimo, ho hlokahala moko oa masapo le manaka a boima ho feta.
Dimorphism ea thobalano
Ho a khonahala ho khetholla e tona le e tšehali ka ho ba teng / ho ba sieo kapa boholo ba manaka, mmoho le boima le bophahamo ba phoofolo. Tse tshehadi ha di bobebe ebile di bobebe ho feta tse tona (boima ba tsona bo ka tlase ho halofo kapa ya boraro), empa maemong a mangata ha di na manaka. Linaka tsa li-mouflon tse tšehali li hlaha ka seoelo, empa leha ho le joalo li nyane haholo.
Tse tona tsa mouflon ea Europe li ithorisa ka tse tenya (30-40 mameno) le manaka a likhutlo li tharo ho fihla ho 65 cm ka bolelele. Li-mouflon tsa Cyprase le tsona li roala manaka a maholohali a ikharang.
Linaka tsa e tona ea mouflon oa Transcaucasian li fapana ka boholo le bolelele, hape le mokokotlong botlaaseng - ho tloha ho lisenthimithara tse 21 ho isa ho tse 30. Linaka tsa tse tšehali li nyane, li kobehile hanyane ebile li batalalitsoe, li na le makhopo a mangata, empa hangata ha li eo.
Habitat, habitat
Mouflon e fumanoa libakeng tsa South Caucasus le libakeng tse ka boroa tsa Tajikistan / Turkmenistan ho fihlela Leoatleng la Mediterranean le leboea-bophirima ho India. Mouflon oa Europe o lula lihlekehlekeng tsa Sardinia le Corsica, hape le ka boroa ho kontinenteng ea Europe, moo e ileng ea hlahisoa ka katleho.
Hoetla ka 2018, mouflon e fumanoe Kazakhstan e ka bophirima (Ustyurt sehlaba). Mouflon oa Transcaucasian o fula libakeng tse lithaba tsa Azerbaijan le Armenia (ho kenyeletsoa le Lithaba tsa Armenia), ho fihlela tsamaiso ea lithaba ea Zagros e Iran, Iraq le Turkey.
Ntle le moo, mofuta ona o hlahisitsoe libakeng tsa ho tsoma United States. Liphoofolo li ile tsa tlisoa Amerika Leboea le Boroa ho tla tsongoa.
Ho na le kolone e nyane ea li-mouflon lihlekehlekeng tsa Kerguelen karolong e ka boroa ea Leoatle la India. Mofuta o mong o tloaelehileng oa li-subspecies, cyprus, mouflon, o lula Cyprase. Sebaka se tloaelehileng sa bolulo ke matsoapo a lithaba. Lipheleu (ho fapana le lipoli) ha li rate haholo-holo lithaba tse majoe, li khetha phomolo e khutsitseng e bulehileng ka litlhoro tse chitja, lihlaba le matsoapo a bonolo.
Bakeng sa bophelo bo khutsitseng, li-mouflon ha li hloke feela lekhulo le letle le nang le pono e pharaletseng, empa hape ha li hloke ho ba haufi le mokoti o nosetsang. Ho falla ha linako tsa selemo ho sa tloaelehang bakeng sa baemeli ba mofuta ona mme ho etsahala ka seoelo haholo, empa ho sisinyeha ho tsepameng ha baahi.
Nakong ea selemo e futhumetseng, linku li ea holimo lithabeng, moo ho nang le limela tse ngata tse botala bo botala le moea o pholileng. Mariha, li-mouflon li theohela bophahamong bo tlase, moo ho futhumetseng. Nakong ea komello, mohlape o lula o solla moo o batlang lijo le mongobo.
Lijo tsa Mouflon
Hlabula, liphoofolo li ea makhulong ha mocheso o kokobela, 'me li li siea feela ka shoalane. Mouflon, joalo ka lipheleu tse ling, ke tsa liphoofolo tse jang limela, hobane joang le lijo-thollo li teng lijong tsa tsona. Ha li lelera masimong a polasi, mehlape ea li-moufflons tse hlaha e thabela ho ja koro (le lijo-thollo tse ling), e senya lijalo tse ntseng li hola.
Lijo tsa mouflon tsa lehlabula li boetse li kenyelletsa limela tse ling:
- sedge le joang ba masiba;
- monokotsoai le li-mushroom;
- boriba le boriba;
- fescue le joang ba koro.
Mariha, lipheleu li leka ho fula libakeng tse se nang lehloa, moo ho leng bonolo ho fumana joang bo omileng, kapa metso ea litlhako tlasa lehloa le leqhoa. Ha ba rate ka ho khetheha mosebetsi oa ho qetela, kahoo li-mouflon li ikemiselitse ho fetohela makaleng a masesaane kapa ho kuta makhapetla.
Ba ea sekoting se nosetsang ha letsatsi le likela esita le ka phirimana, ka mor'a moo baa phomola, 'me ka mahlaseli a pele a letsatsi ba noa hape' me ba hloele lithaba. Li-mouflon li tsejoa ka bokhoni ba tsona ba ho tima lenyora ka metsi a hloekileng le a letsoai.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Bongata ba tse tšehali li qala ho phalla mafelong a Mphalane. Hoo e ka bang ka nako e ts'oanang, ho qala ho ba le leqhubu le leholo la li-mouflon, ho tloha ka Pulungoana ho isa halofong ea pele ea Hlakubele.
Loanela basali
Li-Mouflon ha li nyoretsoe mali, ebile li loanela pelo ea mofumahali, ha li tlise taba eo polaong kapa likotsi tse mpe, li ipehela molemong oa pontšo ea bophahamo. Ntho feela e sokelang bo-duel, ba lahleheloang ke tebello ea bona ea tlhaho ka boroko ba lerato, ke ho oela matsohong a sebatana kapa ho ba mohope oa ho tsoma.
Nakong ea selemo, li-mouflon li lula ka har'a mehlape ea lihlooho tse 10-15, moo ho nang le banna ba 'maloa ba holileng ka thobalano, pakeng tsa lintoa tsa lehae. Lipheleu li qhalana ka limithara tse ka bang 20, ebe li mathela ho tse ling, li thulana le manaka a sothehileng e le hore molumo oa phello o namele 2-3 km.
Tse thahasellisang. Li-mouflon li kenella khafetsa ka manaka a tsona, li qeta nako e telele 'me ka linako tse ling li oa, li ntša mofuta oa seboko. Ba khathetse, ba batona ba emisa ho loana, ba e qalella kamora khefu.
Empa, ho sa natsoe litholoana tsa tlholisano, lipheleu tsohle li na le tokelo ea ho koahela tse tšehali mochesong, tse hlotsoeng (tseo ho seng motho ea li lelekang mohlapeng) le tse hlotseng. Basali nakong ea estrus ba khutsitse haholo 'me ba shebile ka khutso ho hlakisoa ha likamano hara ba batona.
Molekane ea lumelletsoeng 'meleng o itšoara joaloka pheleu efe kapa efe - ka ho lla ho khutsitseng, o latela e tšehali ka mokhoa o sa khaotseng, a hohla molala mahlakoreng a molekane mme a leka ho mo koahela. Tse tona hangata di sala mohlapeng qetellong ya sehla sa ho ikatisa, di felehetsa tse tshehadi tsa tsona ho fihlela selemo.
Pelehi le bana
Mouflon e tšehali (joaloka nku e ruuoang) e tsoala malinyane likhoeli tse ka bang hlano. Likonyana tsa pele-pele li tsoaloa qetellong ea Hlakubele, empa boholo ba tsoalo bo etsahala halofo ea bobeli ea Mmesa kapa halofo ea pele ea Mots'eanong.
Nakoana pele e tsoala, e tšehali e tloha mohlapeng, e fumana libaka tse ka thoko bakeng sa ho pepela libakeng tse majoe kapa likhohloaneng. Nku e tsoala likonyana tse peli, ka seoelo e le 'ngoe, tse tharo kapa tse' ne. Qalong, likonyana ha li na thuso, li ke ke tsa latela bo-'m'a tsona, 'me haeba ho hlaha kotsi ha li balehe, empa lia ipata.
Beke le halofo kamora ho tsoaloa, li fumana matla e le hore li tsoe le 'm'a tsona ho ea mohlapeng kapa ho theha e ncha. Ba bitsa 'm'a bona, ba lla joalo ka likonyana tse ruuoang lapeng. E tšehali e li fepa ka lebese ho fihlela Loetse / Mphalane, hanyane ka hanyane (ho tloha khoeling e ka bang 1) e li ruta ho phunya joang bo bocha.
Boima ba mouflon ea selemo se le seng bo lekana le 30% ea boima ba motho e moholo, 'me bophahamo bo batla bo feta 2/3 ea kholo ea e qetellang. Khōlo e nyane e hola ka botlalo ka lilemo tse 4-5, empa e ntse e tsoela pele ho hola ka bolelele le ho nona ho fihlela lilemo tse 7.
Mesebetsi ea ho ikatisa ea li-mouflon ha e tsohe pejana ho lilemo tse 2-4, empa banna ba batona ha ba iteta sefuba ho qothisana lehlokoa le metsoalle ea bona ho fihlela joale, ka hona, ha ba nke karolo ho tsomeng ka thobalano lilemo tse ling tse tharo.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Mouflon e hlokolosi haholo ka lebaka la kutlo ea eona e ntlehali, mahlo a eona a matle le kutlo e matla ea ho fofonela (mohopolo oa monko mofuteng o ntlafalitsoe hamolemo ho feta kutlo e meng). Tse ts'abang le ho ba hlokolosi ka ho fetisisa ke tse tšehali tse nang le malinyane.
Tse thahasellisang. Boikarabello mohlapeng ha bo etsoe feela ke moetapele, empa le ke banna ba bang ba baholo, nako le nako ba nkelana sebaka.
Ha a tšosoa, molebeli o etsa molumo o kang "cue ... k". Ntho e kang "toh-toh" e utloahala ha lipheleu, tse etelletsoeng pele ke moetapele, li baleha kotsi. Tse tšehali tse nang le likonyana lia matha kamora hae, 'me tse tona tse tsofetseng li koala mohlape, tseo ka linako tse ling li emang ebe li qamaka.
Libata tse jang lefatše li tsejoa e le lira tsa tlhaho tsa mouflon:
- phiri;
- lynx;
- wolverine;
- lengau;
- fox (haholo-holo bakeng sa liphoofolo tse nyenyane).
Lipaki tse boneng ka mahlo li bolela hore motho a ke ke a atamela mouflon haufi le methati e 300 ho tloha lehlakoreng la leeward. Le ha e sa bone batho, sebata se ba fofonela ka litepisi tse 300-400. E khannoa ke bohelehele, ka linako tse ling mouflon e lumella motho ho nka mehato e 200, haeba a sa bontše pefo mme a itšoara a khobile matšoafo.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Mouflon esale e le ntho ea bohlokoahali bakeng sa litsomi (haholo-holo litsomi tse seng molaong) ka lebaka la nama ea eona e hlabosang, leha e le nama e bohale, letlalo le teteaneng, boea bo botle ba mariha hape, le linaka tse boima tse sothehileng. Ho ea ka litlaleho tse ling, ke linaka tse ileng tsa fetoha lebaka le ka sehloohong la pheliso ea 30% ea palo eohle ea liphoofolo.
E 'ngoe ea li-subspecies tsa mouflon Ovis orientalis (European mouflon) e ne e kenyelelitsoe Lethathamong le Lefubelu la IUCN. Palo ea baahi ba lefatše e ea fokotseha, e etsa hore Ovis orientalis e be kotsing. Mabaka a amang hampe paballo ea baahi ba mouflon:
- ho senyeha ha sebaka sa bolulo;
- komello le mariha a matla;
- tlholisano le mehlape ea fepa / metsi;
- likhohlano tsa sesole libakeng tsa bolulo;
- poaching.
Ovis orientalis e thathamisitsoe ho CITES Sehlomathiso I (tlasa mabitso O. orientalis ophion le O. vignei vignei) ho Sehlomathiso II (tlasa lebitso la Ovis vignei).
Naheng ea Afghanistan, Ovis orientalis e kenyelelitsoe lenaneng la mefuta ea naha e sirelelitsoeng, ho bolelang hore ho tsoma le ho rekisa li-mouflon ka har'a naha ho thibetsoe.
Kajeno, thaba ea Transcaucasian mouflon e sirelelitsoe Ordubad National Park (Azerbaijan) le Khosrov Nature Reserve (Armenia). Li-subspecies li kenyellelitsoe ho Red Data Books tsa Azerbaijan le Armenia. Ntle le moo, ho thehiloe setsing sa polokelo ea linku tsa Transcaucasian naheng ea Armenia, 'me ho thibetsoe ho li tsoma ho tloha ka 1936.
Hape, Setsi sa Zoological sa Armenia se hlahisitse lenaneo la ho li boloka botlamuoeng. Bo-rasaense ba hlahisitse lintlha tse 'maloa:
- ka nako e khuts'oane, tseba boemo ba mofuta (ka lipalo tse nepahetseng tsa mehlape);
- ho holisa polokelo ea Khosrov ka litšenyehelo tsa libaka tse neng li fuoe linku pele;
- ho fa polokelo ea Ordubad boemo ba naha;
- fokotsa / felisa liteko tsa ho tsongoa hampe;
- laola mehlape.
Iran, Ovis orientalis gmelinii (Armenian mouflon) e tlhokomelong e khethehileng ea mmuso. Baemeli ba li-subspecies ba lula libakeng tse sirelelitsoeng tse 10, libaka tse 3 tsa polokelo ea liphoofolo tse hlaha, hammoho le Letšeng la National Urmia.
Ntle le moo, baahi ba likhang ba lebasetere la mouflon ba fumaneha lirapeng tsa boikhathollo tse 'maloa, libakeng tse sirelelitsoeng le ho se seng sa libaka tsa polokelo. Kahare ho meeli ea libaka tse sirelelitsoeng, makhulo a liphoofolo a laoloa ka thata, 'me ho tsoma li-mouflon (kantle ho libaka tsena) ho lumelloa ho tloha ka Loetse ho isa Hlakola mme ho na le laesense feela.
