Litšoene tse nyane haholo, tse amanang hole le lemurs. Tarsiers le tsona ke tsona feela litšoene tse jang nama ka ho feletseng lefatšeng.
Tlhaloso ea Tarsier
Ha se khale haholo, mofuta oa Tarsius (tarsiers) e ne e le monolithic, e emelang lelapa la lebitso le le leng Tarsiidae (tarsiers), empa ka 2010 e ne e arotsoe ka karolo ea 3 e ikemetseng. Li-tarsiers, tse hlalositsoeng ka 1769, ka nako e 'ngoe e ne e le tsa litšoene tse nyane tse seng li felile,' me joale li se li bitsoa litšoene tse nko e ommeng (Haplorhini).
Ponahalo, litekanyo
Ntho ea pele eo u e lemohang ha u kopana le tarsier ke mahlo a eona a maholo (a batlang a le halofo ea thiba molomo) a bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 1,6 ka kholo ea phoofolo ho tloha ho 9 ho isa ho 16 cm le boima ba 80-160 g. Ke 'nete, ha ba batla lebitso la mofuta o mocha, litsebi tsa liphoofolo ba hlokomolohile mahlo a sa tloaelehang, empa ba ela hloko maoto a maoto a morao le serethe sa bona se selelele (tarsus). Ke kamoo lebitso la Tarsius le hlahileng - tarsiers.
Sebopeho sa 'mele le' mala
Ka tsela eo, maoto a ka morao le 'ona a tsebahala ka boholo ba' ona: a malelele haholo ho feta a ka pele, hammoho le hlooho le 'mele. Matsoho / maoto a tarsiers a ntse a tšoara le ho qetella ka menoana e mesesaane e nang le liphahlo tse sephara tse thusang ho hloa lifate. Manala a boetse a etsa mosebetsi o ts'oanang, leha ho le joalo, manala a menoana ea bobeli le ea boraro a sebelisetsoa bohloeki - li-tarsiers, joalo ka litšoene tsohle, li kopanya boea ba tsona le tsona.
Tse thahasellisang. Hlooho e kholo, e chitja e behiloe holimo ho feta litšoene tse ling kaofela, hape e ka potoloha hoo e ka bang 360 °.
Litsebe tsa radar tse bonolo, tse khonang ho itsamaela ka botsona, li tjeka ka tsela e fapaneng. Tarsier e na le nko e qabolang e nang le linko tse chitja tse atolohelang molomong o ka holimo o ka tsamaisoang. Tarsiers, joalo ka litšoene tsohle, li na le mesifa ea sefahleho ka mokhoa o makatsang, e lumellang liphoofolo ho lla hanyane.
Mofuta ona ka kakaretso o khetholloa ka 'mala o mosootho bo sootho, o fetolang mebala le ho ba le mabala ho latela mefuta / li-subspecies. 'Mele o koahetsoe ke boea bo batlang bo le botenya, ha o eo feela litsebeng le mohatla o molelele (13-28 cm) o nang le tjellane. E sebetsa joaloka mekoallo e leka-lekaneng, lebidi la setereng esita le lere ha tarsier e ema 'me e lula mohatleng oa eona.
Mahlo
Ka mabaka a mangata, litho tsa pono tsa tarsier li lokeloa ho boleloa ka thoko. Ha li shebelle pele feela ho feta tse ling tsa litšoene, empa hape li kholo hoo li sitoang ho (!) Matlho a a serolwana a tarsier a a bulegileng, jaaka e kete a tshogile, a phatsima mo lefifing, mme barutwana ba bone ba kgona go tsena mo kholomong e tshesane e e rapameng.
Tse thahasellisang. Haeba motho a ne a e-na le mahlo a kang tarsier, a ne a lekana le apole. Leihlo le leng le le leng la phoofolo le leholo ho feta mpa kapa boko, moo, ka tshohanyetso, ho seng lits'oants'o tse hlokometsoeng ho hang.
Liphoofolong tse ngata tsa bosiu, lera la leihlo le koahetsoe ka lera le bonahatsang, ke ka hona leseli le fetang ka har'a leihlo habeli, empa molao-motheo o fapaneng o sebetsa ho tarsier - ha e le hantle, e tla ba betere. Ke ka hona leihlo la hae le koahetsoeng ka botlalo ka lisele tsa molamu, ka lebaka leo a bonang hantle ka shoalane le bosiu, empa ha a khetholle mebala hantle.
Mokgwa wa bophelo, boitshwaro
Ho na le mefuta e 'meli ea mokhatlo oa sechaba oa tarsiers. Ka bonngoe, liphoofolo li khetha ho qheleloa ka thoko 'me li lula ka thoko ho tse ling hole le lik'hilomithara tse' maloa. Balateli ba pono e fapaneng ba tsitlella hore li-tarsiers li iketsetse lipara (ntle le ho arohana nako e fetang likhoeli tse 15) kapa lihlopha tse kopaneng tsa batho ba 4-6.
Leha ho le joalo, litšoene tsena li lebela libaka tsa tsona ka poulelo, li tšoaea meeli ea tsona ka matšoao, tseo li sieang monko oa moroto oa tsona likutung le makaleng. Tarsiers e tsoma bosiu, e robala meqhaka e teteaneng kapa ka mekoting (hangata) motšehare. Ba phomola, hape ba robala, ba kotana le makala / likutu tse tsepameng, ba li khomaretse ka maoto le matsoho a mane, ba pata lihlooho tsa bona mangoleng ba bile ba its'etleha mohatleng.
Litšoene ha li hloe lifate ka bokhabane feela, li itšoarelelitse ho manala le liphahlo tsa ho hula, empa hape li tlōla joalo ka senqanqane, li lahlela maoto a tsona a morao morao. Bokhoni ba ho qhomela ha tarsiers bo khetholloa ke lipalo tse latelang: ho fihlela ho limithara tse 6 - tse tsepameng le ho fihla ho limithara tsa 1.6 - ka ho tsepamisa.
Litsebi tsa baeloji tsa California Univesithing ea Humboldt tse ithutileng li-tarsiers li ile tsa tsieleha ke ho haella ha molumo melomong ea tsona e bulehileng (joalokaha eka ea hoelehetsa). Mme ke ka lebaka la semilara sa ultrasound feela moo ho ileng hoa khoneha ho tiisa hore litšoene tse 35 tsa liteko ha lia ka tsa ikomola kapa ho bula melomo ea tsona feela, empa li ile tsa hoelehetsa ka mokhoa o hlabang, empa matšoao ana a ne a sa utloe ke tsebe ea motho.
'Nete. Tarsier e khona ho khetholla melumo ka makhetlo a ka bang 91 kilohertz, e ke keng ea fihleloa ka botlalo ke batho bao litsebe tsa bona li sa tlaleheng lipontšo tse kaholimo ho 20 kHz.
Ha e le hantle, taba ea hore litšoene tse ling nako le nako li ne li fetohela maqhubu a maqhubu e ne e tsebahala pele, empa Maamerika a netefalitse ts'ebeliso ea "pure" ultrasound ke tarsiers. Kahoo, tarsier ea Philippines e buisana ka makhetlo a 70 kHz, e leng e 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse anyesang ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Bo-rasaense ba na le bonnete ba hore ke bo-'mankhane, li-dolphin, maruarua, litoeba ka bomong le likatse tse ruuoang feela tse ka qothisanang lehlokoa le tsona ka mokhoa ona.
Ho na le li-tarsier tse kae
Ho ea ka litlaleho tse sa netefatsoang, setho sa khale ka ho fetisisa sa mofuta oo Tarsius o ne a lula botlamuoeng mme a hlokahala a le lilemo li 13. Tlhahisoleseling ena le eona ea belaetsa hobane li-tarsiers ha ho mohla li thapisoang mme li shoa kapele ntle le tikoloho ea tsona. Liphoofolo ha li khone ho tloaela ho tšoaroa 'me hangata li lematsa lihlooho ha li ntse li leka ho tsoa ka masakeng a tsona.
Dimorphism ea thobalano
Tse tona hangata li kholo ho feta tse tšehali. Ea bobeli, ho ekelletsa moo, fapana le banna ka bobeli ba nipples eketsehileng (para e le 'ngoe ka groin le axillary fossa). Ho makatsang ke hore e tšehali, e nang le lipara tse 3 tsa likoele, e sebelisa ho anyesa feela ha e fepa bana.
Mefuta ea Tarsier
Baholo-holo ba litšoene tsena ba kenyelletsa lelapa la Omomyidae le neng le lula Amerika Leboea le Eurasia nakong ea Eocene - Oligocene. Mofuteng oa Tarsius, mefuta e 'maloa e khethollotsoe, palo ea eona e fapana ho latela mokhoa oa tlhophiso.
Kajeno boemo ba mofuta ona ke:
- Tarsius dentatus (tarsier diana);
- Tarsius lariang;
- Tarsius fuscus;
- Tarsius pumilus (pygmy tarsier);
- Tarsius pelengensis;
- Tarsius sangirensis;
- Tarsius wallacei;
- Tarsius tarsier (tarsier e ka bochabela);
- Tarsius tumpara;
- Tarsius supriatnai;
- Mefuta e mengata ea Tarsius.
Hape, li-subspecies tse 5 li khetholloa mofuteng oa li-tarsiers.
Habitat, habitats
Li-tarsiers li fumanoa feela Asia Boroa-bochabela, moo mofuta o mong le o mong o atisang ho lula sehlekehlekeng se le seng kapa ho feta. Bongata ba mefuta ena e tsejoa e le tse atileng. Tsena li kenyelletsa, mohlala, ba sa rutehang haholo ho li-tarsiers, Tarsius pumilus, ea lulang Central le South Sulawesi (Indonesia).
'Nete. Ho fihlela haufinyane tjena, ke lisampole tse 3 feela tsa tarsier e nyane e fumanoeng lilemong tse fapaneng tse neng li tsejoa ke mahlale.
T. pumilus ea pele e fumanoe ka 1916 lithabeng tse lipakeng tsa Palu le Poso, ea bobeli ka 1930 Thabeng ea Rantemario e South Sulawesi, 'me ea boraro e se e ntse e le 2000 letsoapong la Thaba ea Rorecatimbu. Tarsius tarsier (tarsier e ka bochabela) e lula lihlekehlekeng tsa Sulawesi, Peleng le Big Sangikhe.
Tarsiers ba khetha ho lula merung, lehlaka, joang bo bolelele, meru e lebopong / lithabeng kapa morung, hammoho le masimo a temo le lirapa haufi le moo batho ba lulang teng.
Lijo tsa Tarsier
Li-tarsiers, joalo ka litšoene tse jang ka ho felletseng, li kenyelletsa likokoanyana lijong tsa tsona, ka linako tse ling li li fapanyetsana le likokoanyana tse nyane tse se nang lesapo la mokokotlo. Lijo tsa tarsier li kenyelletsa:
- maleshoane le maphele;
- ho rapela mantise le marutle;
- lirurubele le tšoele;
- bohloa le cicadas;
- liphepheng le mekholutsoane;
- Linoha tse chefo;
- bo-'mankhane le linonyana.
Li-ear-locers, mahlo a hlophisitsoeng ka bohlale le bokhoni bo hlollang ba ho qhomela li thusa li-tarsier ho fumana liphofu lefifing. Tšoene e tšoere kokoanyana, ea e metsa, e e ts'oere ka thata ka marapo a eona a ka pele. Motšehare, tarsier e monya molumo o lekanang le 1/10 ea boima ba eona.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Li-Tarsiers li kopana selemo ho pota, empa tlhoro e oela ka Pulungoana-Hlakola, ha balekane ba kopana ka bobeli bo tsitsitseng, empa ba sa hahe lihlaha. Bokhachane (ho ea ka litlaleho tse ling) bo nka likhoeli tse 6, bo qetella ka tsoalo ea ngoana a le mong, ea bonang ebile a koahetsoe ke boea. Lesea le na le boima ba 25-27 g le bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 7 le mohatla o lekana le 11.5 cm.
Ngoana o batla a itšoarella ka mpeng ea mme hore a khase ho tloha lekaleng ho ea lekaleng a le boemong bona. Hape, mme o hula malinyane le eena ka mokhoa o felletseng (o ts'oara o pona ka meno a hae).
Kamora matsatsi a 'maloa, ha a sa hloka tlhokomelo ea bo-mme, empa ka lekhonono o ikarola ho e tšehali, o lula le eena libeke tse ling tse tharo. Kamora matsatsi a 26, lelinyane le leka ho tšoasa likokoanyana ka botsona. Mesebetsi ea ho ikatisa liphoofolong tse nyane e hlokometsoe eseng pejana ho selemo se le seng. Ka nako ena, basali ba holileng tsebong ba tlohela malapa: banna ba batona ba siea bo-mme ba bona e le bacha.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Ho na le batho ba bangata ka morung ba batlang ho ja li-tarsiers, ba balehang liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo ka li-ultrasound, tse ke keng tsa khetholloa ke thuso ea kutlo ea ba morao. Lira tsa tlhaho tsa tarsiers ke:
- linonyana (haholo-holo liphooko);
- linoha;
- mekholutsoane;
- lintja / likatse tse tšehali.
Batho ba Tarsiers ba boetse ba ts'oaroa ke baahi ba lehae ba jang nama ea bona. Litšoene tse tšohileng, li tšepile ho tšosa litsomi, li potlakela ho nyoloha le ho theosa le lifate, molomo o butsoe 'me meno a hlahile.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Hoo e batlang e le mefuta eohle ea mofuta oa Tarsius e kenyelelitsoe (leha e le tlasa maemo a fapaneng) ho Lenane le Lefubelu la IUCN. Tarsiers li sirelelitsoe kahare ho naha le machabeng, ho kenyeletsoa CITES Sehlomathiso II. Lintho tse ka sehloohong tse sokelang palo ea batho ba lefatše ea Tarsius lia ananeloa:
- ho fokotsa bolulo ka lebaka la temo;
- tšebeliso ea meriana e bolaeang likokonyana masimong a temo;
- ho rema lifate ka tsela e seng molaong;
- merafo ea lejoe la mokoetla bakeng sa tlhahiso ea samente;
- pele ho lintja le likatse.
'Nete. Mefuta e meng ea tarsiers (mohlala, North Sulawesi) e kotsing e kholo ka lebaka la ho ts'oaroa le ho rekisoa joalo ka liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng.
Mekhatlo ea paballo ea lintho tsa tlhaho e hopotsa hore litšoene li thusa lihoai haholo ka ho ja tse senyang lijalo tsa lijalo tsa temo, ho kenyeletsoa mantising a thapelo le marutle a maholo. Ke ka hona e 'ngoe ea mehato e sebetsang ea ho boloka li-tarsiers (pele ho tsohle maemong a mmuso) e lokelang ho ba tšenyo ea mohopolo o fosahetseng ka bona joalo ka likokoanyana tsa temo.
