Walrus

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Li-walrus ke e 'ngoe ea baahi ba tsebahalang ka leboea. Li na le mapheo ho fapana le maoto a tloaelehileng ho mang le mang, kamora mohatla o ts'oanang le tlhapi. Li boetse li na le manaka a meno a maholohali haholo, a etsang hore li se khone ho ferekanngoa le liphoofolo tse ling, le ho hanela boemo ba leholimo bo batang ka mokhoa o ikhethileng, ke ka hona lentsoe lehlaka ebile e bile lebitso la ntlo. Lianyesi tsena tse kholo tsa metsing ke tsona feela mefuta e joalo metsing a Arctic.

Tšimoloho ea mofuta le tlhaloso

Setšoantšo: Walrus

Ho ea ka tlhophiso ea liphoofolo, li-walrus ke tsa lelapa la walrus hape ke taelo ea li-pinnipeds. Ka mantsoe a mang, li na le mapheoana ho fapana le maoto. Beng ka motho ba haufi ba li-walrus ke litiiso tse lutseng, tseo li tšoanang haholo ka tsona. Ka nako e telele, li-pinniped kaofela li ne li nkuoa e le tatellano e le 'ngoe, empa ho latela mehopolo ea sejoale-joale, litiiso tse litsebe feela li amana le li-walrus,' me litiiso tsa 'nete ke tsa mola o fapaneng ka ho felletseng.

Video: Walrus

Ebile, li-pinnip ka bobeli li tsoa ho baholo-holo ba fapaneng, mme sebopeho se ts'oanang sa 'mele le maoto le matsoho se hlalosoa ke maemo a tšoanang a bophelo. Likhoele tsa litiiso le li-walrus li ile tsa arohana lilemong tse ka bang limilione tse 28 tse fetileng. Li-walrus ka botsona, ka sebopeho sa tsona sa sejoale-joale, li thehiloe lilemo tse ka bang 5-8 limilione tse fetileng mme ba lula tikolohong ea Pacific. Ba lula metsing a Arctic nako e ka etsang limilione tse 1.

Ho na le li-subspecies tse tharo tse arohaneng tsa walrus, tse nang le mekhahlelo e sa kopaneng, le liphapang tse nyane ponahalong, tsena ke:

  • Walrus ea Pacific;
  • Walrus ea Atlantic;
  • Laptev walrus.

Le ha ho latela liphetho tsa lipatlisiso tsa DNA le boithuto ba data ea morphometric, bo-rasaense ba ile ba qala ho lumela hore motho o lokela ho tlohela ho nahana ka li-subspecies tsa Laptev walrus joalo ka e ikemetseng. Leha e arotsoe ka bongata ba li-walrus tsena, e ka nkuoa e le baahi ba fetelletseng ba bophirima ba li-subspecies tsa Pacific.

Ponahalo le likarolo

Setšoantšo: Walrus ea liphoofolo

'Mele oa walrus o moholo haholo mme o moholo haholo. Bolelele ba motho e moholo bo fihla boleng ho tloha ho limithara tse 4 ho isa ho tse 5, 'me boima ba' mele bo ka fihla ho lithane e le 'ngoe le halofo. Tse tshehadi di nyane. Hlooho ea walrus e nyane haholo ha e bapisoa le 'mele oa eona, ka hona e bonahala e le kholo e nyane molaleng oa eona o matla.

Tleloubu ea phoofolo e lutse ka litelu tse ngata tse teteaneng le tse thata, botenya ba tsona bo ka fihlelang 1 kapa 2 mm, le bolelele ho tloha ho cm 15 ho isa ho 20. Walrus ha e na litsebe tse kantle, mahlo a manyane ebile ha a bone hantle. Li-vibrissae tse sefahlehong sa phoofolo li tšoana le borashe ponahalong ea tsona. Li sebelisoa ke li-walrus ha li batla li-mollusk tse ka tlas'a metsi le ha li tsamaea ka tlase tlase, hobane botebong bo boholo tlas'a leqhoa ha ho na khanya e lekaneng, 'me pono e qala ho bapala karolo ea bobeli.

Li-walrus li na le li-canine tse kaholimo tse tsoetseng pele haholo, ho e-na le ho lelefatsa le ho lebisa hole tlase tlase ho mohlahare. Li bitsoa meno a menoana. Ka tsona, walrus e lema ka tlase, e leka ho cheka li-mollusk le libopuoa tse ling tse phelang tse patiloeng ka lehlabatheng. Ha u tsamaea holim'a leqhoa, walrus e ka sebelisa menoana e le thuso bakeng sa boitlamo. Empa re tlameha ho hopola hore hona ha se sepheo sa bona se seholo. Ka linako tse ling manaka a menoana a senyeha mme walrus ea lahleha. Sena se etsahala hangata haholo botlamuoeng, ka lebaka la mekato e thata ea konkreite e koaletsoeng.

Taba e khahlisang: manaka a ka fihla ho mitha ka bolelele le ho ba boima ba 5 kg. Meno a atisa ho sebelisoa bakeng sa lintoa, ka hona e tona e nang le menoana a mangata e busa.

Letlalo le letenya haholo la phoofolo le koahetsoe ka botlalo ke moriri o mokhuts'oane o sootho bo sootho. Empa ka lilemo, moriri oa 'mele oa fokotseha,' me ka li-walrus tse tsofetseng, letlalo le batla le se na letho. Letlalo ka bolona le sootho ka mmala.

Maoto a walrus, joalo ka a li-pinniped tse ling, ke mapheo. Empa li ikamahanya le maemo bakeng sa ho tsamaea mobung, ho fapana le litiiso. Ka hona, li-walrus li ka tsamaea mobung 'me li se ke tsa khasa joaloka li-pinniped tse ling. Bohloko bo tlase bo tiile. Ha li le mobung, li-walrus ha li na thuso, ha li khone ho sisinyeha. Empa ke sesa tse hloahloa 'me li ikutloa li lokolohile haholo ka metsing.

Walrus e lula hokae?

Setšoantšo: Sea walrus

Li-walrus li lula haufi le mabopo a Leoatle la Arctic ho potoloha North Pole. Mefuta ea bona ke circumpolar. U ka kopana le liphoofolo mabopong a leboea a Europe, Asia, hammoho le metsing a lebopong la Amerika Leboea le lihlekehlekeng tse ngata tsa Arctic. Empa ho fapana le litiiso, li-walrus li qoba libaka tse bulehileng tsa metsi le ho paka leqhoa, kahoo li leka ho lula haufi le lebopo.

Ka kakaretso, li-walrus li khetha ho lula moo botebo ho isa tlase bo sa feteng limithara tse lekholo. Kaha boholo ba lijo tsa bona bo na le liphoofolo tse ka tlase, ha ba na le tlase ea ho qoela le ho sebelisa matla, ho bonolo haholo bakeng sa liphoofolo. Empa ka nako e ts'oanang, hoo e ka bang walrus efe kapa efe e khona ho qoela botebo ba limithara tse 150-200.

'Nete e thabisang: Li-Walrus li ka fokotsa lebelo la lipelo tsa bona ha ba ntse ba qoela. Mme lera le leholo la mafura a ka tlasa letlalo le li thusa ho mamella mocheso o tlase oa metsi, e leng se sireletsang mocheso hantle.

Liphoofolo li na le ho falla ka linako tse ling, empa li khutšoanyane haholo. Mariha, baahi ba walrus ba leba boroa, empa ke li-kilometara tse 100-200 feela. Bakeng sa liphoofolo tse kholo joalo, sena se fokolang haholo.

Palo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea li-walrus e lula Hloahloeng ea Chukchi, mabopong ka bobeli a Bering Strait; ho boetse ho na le likolone tse ngata Hloahloeng ea Labrador. Li-walrus tse fokolang li fumaneha likarolong tse ka bophirima le bohareng ba lebopo la Eurasia. Baemeli ba subspecies ea Atlantic ba lula haufi le Greenland le Spitsbergen.

Li-walrus tsena li boetse li fumaneha karolong e ka bophirima ea Arctic ea Russia. Palo e arohaneng ea Laptev ea li-walrus e fumaneha libakeng tse bohareng le bophirima tsa Leoatle la Laptev. Li-subspecies tsena ke tse nyane haholo.

Walrus e ja eng?

Setšoantšo: Walrus ea Atlantic

Li-mollusk tsa li-bivalve le likokoana-hloko tse ling tse se nang lesapo la mokokotlo li etsa bongata ba lijo tsa walrus, tse fumanoang botebong ba limithara tse 50 ho isa ho tse 80.

Lijo le tsona e ka ba:

  • Mefuta e meng ea makhala;
  • Shrimp;
  • Liboko tsa Polychaete.

Hangata, li-walrus li ja li-octopus le likomkomere tsa leoatleng. Maemong a feteletseng, mefuta e meng ea litlhapi e fetoha lijo, leha hangata li-walrus li sa tsotelle litlhapi. Hape, li-walrus li ka ja li-pinniped tse ling, ka mohlala, litiiso tsa masea kapa litiiso tse kentsoeng, empa sena ke seoelo haholo ebile maemong a ikhethang, ha ho se na lijo tse lekaneng bakeng sa bohle. Ke batho ka bomong feela ba hlaseloang, ka hona ha ho na lebaka la ho bua ka mofuta o moholo oa ho ja liphoofolo tse ling. Maemong a sa tloaelehang haholo, li-walrus li ka hlasela linonyana tse oeleng fatše.

Ka karolelano, walrus e kholo e hloka ho ja ho fihlela ho 50 kg ea shellfish kapa lijo tse ling ka letsatsi ho fumana e lekaneng. Ho ntšoa ha lijo ho tjena. Taba ea mantlha, walrus ka meno a eona a matla e oela botebong ba lehlabathe kapa seretse, e "e lema" ebe e fothola likhetla ho tloha moo. Likhetla tsa tsona li hlakoloa ke motsamao o matla o nang le mapheoana, bokaholimo ba eona bo koahetsoe ke li-callus tse ngata tse thata, mme nama ea jeoa. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, liboko le li-crustaceans lia tsongoa. Li-walrus tsa bona li hlile li fietsoe ho tloha tlase ho ja. Ho batla lijo ho etsahala ka thuso ea vibrissae e sefahlehong sa phoofolo.

Likarolo tsa semelo le mokhoa oa bophelo

Setšoantšo: Walrus Red Book

Li-walrus ke liphoofolo tse ruiloeng. Ka tloaelo, boholo ba mohlape o mong le o mong bo pakeng tsa li-walrus tse 20 ho isa ho tse 30, empa libakeng tse ling tsa liphoofolo tse makholo kapa esita le likete tsa liphoofolo li kopana hammoho. Mohlape ka mong o laoloa ke e tona e matla ka ho fetisisa le e kholo. Ba bang kaofela nako le nako ba rarolla mathata le eena mme ba leke ho tlosa sehlooho. Hangata basali ba lula ba bua ka ngangisano.

Mohlapeng, hangata liphoofolo li robala ka thata li atamelane, ka lebaka la sebaka se fokolang sa mobu kapa leqhoa. Hangata o tlameha ho robala ka lehlakore, ka linako tse ling o phomotsa hlooho ea hau ka walrus e haufi. Mme haeba ho na le sebaka se fokolang haholo, ba ka robala ka mekhahlelo e 'meli. Rookery eohle e lula e "tsamaea": liphoofolo tse ling li kena ka metsing ho ea ja kapa ho phola, mme li-walrus tse ling hang hang li khutlela sebakeng sa tsona ho robala.

Taba e khahlisang: mathomong a li-rookeries tsa walrus hangata ho na le balebeli bao, ha ba hlokometse kotsi, hanghang ba tsebisang motho e mong le e mong ka lerata le leholo. Ka mor'a letšoao le joalo, mohlape oohle o potlakela ka metsing.

Mabapi le liphoofolo tse ling le ho tse ling, li-walrus hangata li na le khotso ebile li mosa. Ntle le ntho e ngoe le e ngoe, li-walrus tse tšehali li na le tšekamelo ea tlhaho ea bo-mme, ka hona li itšireletsa malinyane ha kotsi e hlaha, 'me ha li hlokomele bana ba tsona feela, empa le bana ba batho ba bang. Ba boetse ba botsoalle haholo. Walrus efe kapa efe e seng e le kholo mohlapeng e lumella lelinyane lefe kapa lefe ho hloella mokokotlong oa eona ebe le robala moo ho phomola.

Moralo oa sechaba le tlhahiso

Setšoantšo: Baby walrus

Li-walrus ke liphoofolo tse nang le khotso le khutso, empa nakong ea ho nyalanya, e etsahalang mafelong a Mmesa kapa mathoasong a Mots'eanong, hangata ho ba le lintoa tsa basali pakeng tsa tse tona. Ntoeng, ba sebelisa menoana ea bona e matla, empa ha ba tlohele ho hloloa ho matla 'meleng oa mohanyetsi. Li-walrus li na le letlalo le teteaneng haholo le mafura a mangata, a thibelang likotsi tse mpe lithong tsa ka hare.

Qetellong ea April, li-walrus tsa banna li bokella peō e kholo ka ho fetisisa, 'me li se li loketse ho nontša e tšehali. Basali le bona ba se ba loketse ho emolisa nakong ena, 'me bohareng ba Mots'eanong ba qala ho ba le' mele o mosehla oa boimana.

Kamora ho nyalana, li-walrus kaofela li tsoela pele ka bophelo ba tsona bo khutsitseng mohlapeng oa tsona. Basali ba baimana ba tla tlisa bana ba bona selemong. Lesea feela le lula le hlaha. Boima ba eona bo fihla ho 60-70 kg, bolelele ba eona e ka ba mithara. Walrus e nyane e khona ho sesa ka metsing ho tloha ha e hlaha, sena se mo thusa ho phela haeba ho ka ba le kotsi, mme o ikakhela ka mora 'm'ae.

Nako ea ho anyesa ka li-walrus e telele haholo - lilemo tse peli tse felletseng. Ka hona, li-walrus li ikatisa hang feela kamora lilemo tse 4-5. Motho e motshehadi a ka ima hangata ha feela lewana le fetileng le hlokahetse. Ha li-walrus tse nyane li hola menoana e meholo, ho anyesa hoa emisa 'me phoofolo e fetohela phepelong e ikemetseng. Tse tona di hola ka thobalano ha di le dilemo tse tsheletseng ho isa ho tse supileng, tse tshehadi pejana.

Manamane a ntse a phela mohlapeng o le mong le batsoali ba bona, empa a se a ntse a le joalo ka batho ba ikemetseng.

Lira tsa tlhaho tsa li-walrus

Setšoantšo: Walruses Russia

Li-walrus li kholo ebile li matla haholo, ke batho ba fokolang haholo ba ka li lematsang. Har'a liphoofolo tse phelang fatše, ke bere e le 'meleng feela e kotsing ea ho hlasela li-walrus,' me e e etsa ka tsela e itseng. Bere e lebetse walrus pheletsong ea leqhoa kapa pela leqhoa, moo walrus e tla tsoa teng.

Ke nakong ea ho hlaha ha bere e tlameha ho mo otla, e le hore a tsebe ho sebetsana le setopo ho feta. Ka mantsoe a mang, haeba a sa bolaee kapa a otlanya walrus ka kotlo e le 'ngoe, walrus e tla mo hanela. Ntoeng e lipakeng tsa walrus le bere, ea bobeli e ka lematsoa hampe ke menoana ea senatla sa leoatle.

Libere le tsona li kotsi haholo ho masea a sa tsoa tsoaloa le li-walrus tse nyane. Libere li ka li hlasela hantle fatše, leqhoeng. Masea ha a khone ho fana ka khanyetso e matla mme hangata a shoa matsohong a liphoofolo tse li jang.

Ho na le linyeoe tse tsebahalang tsa litlhaselo tsa li-walrus ka maruarua a bolaeang. Li boholo bo boholo ba makhetlo a mararo ho feta li-walrus, hape li boima ho feta makhetlo a mane, kahoo walrus e ke ke ea itšireletsa ho leruarua le bolaeang. O khona ho baleha feela ha a ka fihla naheng. Maqheka a ho tsoma maruarua a bolaeang a lula a tšoana. Ba ikakhela ka setotsoana mohlapeng oa li-walrus, ba o arola, ebe ba lika-liketsa motho a le mong ebe baa o hlasela.

Sera se seholo sa li-walrus ke motho. Bakeng sa nama, mafura, letlalo le manaka, hangata batho ba ne ba tsoma li-walrus. Kamora ho bolaea walrus e le 'ngoe, o ka fepa lelapa la hau ka likhoeli tse' maloa, li-walrus tse ngata li shoele matsohong a batho. Empa ha se tlala feela e tsamaisang batho ho bolaea liphoofolo tsena tse nang le khotso, hape li susumetsoa ke cheseho ea ho tsoma.

Ka bomalimabe, ke ka lebaka leo li-walrus tse ngata li ileng tsa shoela lefeela. Li ikatisa butle haholo, mme palo ea li-walrus e fokotsehile haholo. Ho tla nka nako e ngata ho e eketsa, 'me, eng kapa eng eo motho a ka e buang, ts'ebetso ena e ke ke ea potlakisoa.

Baahi le boemo ba mofuta

Setšoantšo: Walrus ea liphoofolo

Ha ho na leseli le nepahetseng mabapi le palo ea li-walrus kajeno. Ho latela likhakanyo tse boima, palo ea baemeli ba subspecies tsa Pacific ke bonyane batho ba likete tse 200. Palo ea walrus ea Atlantic ke taelo ea boholo bo tlase - ho tloha ho liphoofolo tse 20 ho isa ho tse 25 tse likete, ka hona, subspecies ena e nkuoa e le kotsing. Palo e nyane ka ho fetisisa ke baahi ba Laptev. Kajeno, ho na le li-walrus tse joalo ho tloha ho tse 5 ho isa ho tse likete tse 10.

Eseng mesebetsi ea batho feela, empa le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo e nang le tšusumetso e kholo ho baahi ba liphoofolo tsena. Ka ho khetheha, ho na le phokotso ea bolelele ba pakete ea leqhoa le botenya ba eona. Ka mokhoa o ts'oanang, leqhoeng lena, li-walrus li theha li-rooker tsa tsona bakeng sa ho tlolelana le ho beleha nakong ea ho tsoala.

Ho lumeloa hore ka lebaka la liphetoho tsa maemo a leholimo, ho bile le ho fokotseha ha libaka tse loketseng li-walrus ho phomola haufi le libaka tsa bona tsa phepo. Ka lebaka lena, basali ba qobelloa ho ba sieo nako e teletsana ho ea batla lijo, 'me sena se ama le phepo ea bacha.

Ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ha palo ea li-walrus, kotulo ea bona ea khoebo hajoale e thibetsoe ke molao linaheng tsohle. Ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, ho ts'oasa lihlapi ho lumelloa feela bakeng sa matsoalloa le matsoalloa a teng, bao boteng ba bona nalaneng ea nalane bo amanang haholo le ho tsoma ha walrus.

Tšireletso ea Walrus

Setšoantšo: Walrus Red Book

Li-subspecies tsa Atlantic tsa walrus le Laptev walrus tse ahileng metsing a Russia li kenyelelitsoe Bukeng e Khubelu ea Russia. Li-rooker tsa bona tse lebopong li sirelelitsoe, 'me ho ts'oasa lihlapi ho thibetsoe ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1950. Li-rookeries li phatlalalitsoe e le mehloli, mme ts'ebetso ea indasteri tikolohong ea bona ea fokotsoa. Empa kantle ho sena, ha ho so be le mehato e ikhethang le e meng bakeng sa ts'ireletso ea li-walrus tse sa sebetsoang ka botlalo.

Boiteko bo kopaneng ba machabeng bo atlehile ho nyolla kholo ea tlhaho ea li-walrus. Ka karolelano, joale e ka ba 14%, e leng 1% e phahameng ho feta lefu la liphoofolo tsena. Hammoho le liketso tse seng li nkiloe, ho bohlokoa hape ho hlophisa lithuto tsa libaka tsa bolulo le ho lekola linomoro khafetsa.

Ho na le khopolo ea hore e le ho boloka baahi, hoa utloahala ho sireletsa li-walrus ka bongata, empa le liphoofolo tseo ba li jang. Empa ena ke e 'ngoe feela ea mehato e ka bang teng. Hape ho na le maikutlo a hore ho theoha ha lipalo ho amahanngoa le phetoho ea maemo a leholimo. Sena se thatafatsa haholo puseletso ea maiketsetso ea baahi.

Mohato o le mong feela o sebetsang ke ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea lik'hemik'hale ea leoatle le metsi, hape le ho fokotsa litšitiso tse kang lerata la enjene ho tsoa lihelikopthara le likepe tse fetang. Joale lehlaka e tla khona ho khutlisetsa baahi ba eona mme e kanna ea qala ho khutlisa boemo ba eona tikolohong ea lefatše.

Letsatsi la phatlalatso: 07.04.2019

Letsatsi le ntlafalitsoeng: 19.09.2019 ka 15:04

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Shebella video: Training with Walruses Aku and Ginger (November 2024).