Noka ea dolphin Ke phoofolo e anyesang ea metsing ea taelo ea li-cetaceans. Bo-rasaense kajeno ba khetha li-dolphin tsa noka e le mofuta o kotsing ea ho fela hobane palo ea batho e fokotsehile lilemong tsa morao tjena ka lebaka la ts'enyeho e atileng ea libaka tsa bolulo.
Li-dolphin tsa noka li kile tsa ajoa haholo haufi le linoka le linoka tse lebopong la Asia le Amerika Boroa. Kajeno, li-dolphin tsa linoka li lula libakeng tse fokolang tsa libate tsa Yangtze, Mekong, Indus, Ganges, Amazon le Orinoco linoka le mabopong a leoatle Asia le Amerika Boroa.
Tšimoloho ea mofuta le tlhaloso
Setšoantšo: Noka ea Dolphin
Litsebi tsa paleonton li sibollotse tse ka senolang ho eketsehileng ka moholo-holo oa noka ea dolphin, leha e le hore tšimoloho ea eona ea ho iphetola ha lintho e siea lipotso tse ngata. E ka 'na eaba baholo-holo ba bona ba lahlile leoatle bakeng sa metsi a hloekileng ha bophahamo ba leoatle bo bula libaka tse ncha lilemong tse limilione tse 6 tse fetileng.
Ka 2011, bafuputsi ba ile ba sibolla masalla a dolphin a leoatleng ao papiso ea 'ona e bontšang hore e amana haholo le dolphin ea Amazonia. Masala a fumanoe sebakeng se haufi le lebopo la Caribbean la Panama. Likotoana tse bolokiloeng tse sa kang tsa lahleha ke khoholeho ea mobu li kenyelletsa lehata, le mohlahare o tlase le meno a 'maloa. Lintho tsa khale tsa khale tse mafikeng a haufi li thusitse bo-ramahlale ho fokotsa lilemo tsa dolphin ho fihlela lilemong tse limilione tse 5.8 ho isa ho tse 6.1.
Video: Noka ea Dolphin
E bitsoa Isthminia panamensis, ke motsoako oa lebitso la dolphin ea kajeno ea Amazonia le sebaka seo mofuta o mocha o fumanoeng ho sona, dolphin e ka bang bolelele ba limithara tse 2.85. Sebopeho sa hlooho ea lisenthimithara tse 36, se shebahalang se otlolohile ho fapana le ho theoha hanyane joalo ka li-dolphin tsa mehleng ea kajeno, se fana ka maikutlo a hore phoofolo e anyesang e qetile boholo ba nako ea eona e le leoatleng mme mohlomong e jele litlhapi, boramahlale ba rialo.
Ho ipapisitsoe le likarolo tsa tlhaho tsa mesaletsa ea khale, Isthminia e ne e ka ba mong ka eena kapa moholo-holo oa dolphin ea mehleng ea kajeno. Hape ho bohlokoa ke khopolo ea hore mofuta o fumanoeng e ne e le setloholo sa dolphin ea noka ea khale ebile e e-s'o fumanoe e ileng ea khutlela leoatleng.
Ponahalo le likarolo
Setšoantšo: Phoofolo ea dolphin ea Noka
Hajoale ho na le mefuta e mene ea dolphin ea noka:
- Dolphin ea Noka ea Amazon ke phoofolo e tiileng hantle e nang le mahlo a manyane le molomo o molelele o mosesane, o kobehileng hanyane ntlheng. Ke maruarua a le 'ngoe feela a meno a meno a fapaneng mohlahareng, bokapele ke sebopeho se tloaelehileng se bonolo, ha mokokotlo o reretsoe ho thusa ho silakanya lintho tsa phofu. Sekoti se bōpehileng joaloka seoli se ka lehlakoreng le letšehali la setsi hloohong, molala o fetoha haholo ka lebaka la mokokotlo o sa kopaneng oa lesapo la mokokotlo mme o na le lesaka le tsebahalang. Dolphin ea Noka ea Amazon e na le hlooho e tlase haholo ea mokokotlo. Maphegwana a kgutlotharo, a sephara mme a na le malebela a hlabang. E 'ngoe ea litšobotsi tse makatsang tsa mofuta ona ke' mala oa eona ho tloha ho o mosoeu / o moputsoa ho isa ho o pinki. Batho ba bang, leha ho le joalo, ba pinki e khanyang;
- Baiji ke dolphin ea metsi a hloekileng e lulang Nokeng ea Yangtze feela. Mofuta ona o putswa bo boputswa kapa boputswa le bosweu lehlakoreng la ventral. E boetse e na le molomo o mosesane o tlase, o kgutlotharo, molomo o molelele, o phahamisitsweng, le mahlo a manyane haholo a behilweng hodima hlooho. Ka lebaka la ho se bone hantle le metsi a phoroselang a Noka ea Yangtze, Baiji ba itšetleha ka molumo ho buisana;
- Dolphin ea Ganges e na le 'mele o matla le o tenyetsehang o nang le sefahleho se tlase se likhutlo li tharo. E boima ba lik'hilograma tse 150. Bacha ba sootho ha ba hlaha 'me ba ba sootho bo boputsoa ha ba se ba le baholo ka letlalo le boreleli le se nang boea. Tsehali li kholo ho feta tse tona. Bolelele ba botšehali ke 2.67 m, mme e tona ke 2.12 m.Tšehali li fihlela kholo ea thobalano li le lilemo li 10-12, ha banna ba hola pejana;
- Dolphin ea La Plata e tsejoa ka molomo oa eona o telele haholo, o nkoang e le mofuta o moholo ka ho fetisisa oa dolphin. Ka karolelano, baemeli ba mofuta ona ba bolelele ba limithara tse 1,5 le boima ba lik'hilograma tse 50. Lephegwana la hlapi la mokwatla le na le sebopego sa khutlotharo le le bogale. Mabapi le 'mala, li-dolphin tsena li na le' mala o mosootho oa letlalo le 'mala o bobebe mpeng.
Li-dolphin tsa noka li lula kae?
Setšoantšo: Nōka ea Pink Dolphin
Dolphin ea Amazon e fumanoa libakeng tsa Orinoco le Amazon, metheong ea linoka, melatsoana ea eona le matša, leha libakeng tse ling mefuta ea eona ea tlhaho e lekantsoe ke nts'etsopele le kaho ea matamo. Nakong ea lipula, libaka tsa bolulo li atoloha ho ba meru e nang le likhohola.
Baiji, eo hape e tsejoang e le Chinese Yangtze Delta Dolphin, ke dolphin ea metsi a hloekileng. Baiji hangata e kopana ka bobeli mme e ka kopana ka lihlopha tse kholo tsa sechaba ho tloha ho batho ba 10 ho isa ho ba 16. Di ja ditlhapi tse nyane tsa metsi a hlwekileng, di sebedisa molomo wa tsona o molelele, o phahamisitsweng hanyane ho lekola noka ya seretse ya noka ya China.
WWF-India e supile libaka tse nepahetseng libakeng tse 9 linōkeng tse 8 bakeng sa dolphin ea Ganges mme ka hona e le boiteko ba mantlha ba paballo. Tsena li kenyelletsa: Upper Ganga (Bridghat ho ea Narora) e Uttar Pradesh (sebaka seo ho thoeng ke Ramsar Sanctuary), Noka ea Chambal (ho fihlela lik'hilomithara tse 10 ka tlase ho Chambal Wildlife Sanctuary) Madhya Pradesh le Uttar Pradesh, Gagra le Noka ea Gandak seterekeng sa Uttar Pradesh le Bihar, noka ea Ganga, ho tloha Varanasi ho ea Patna ho Uttar Pradesh le Bihar, Son le linoka tsa Kosi ho Bihar, noka ea Brahamaputra tikolohong ea Sadia (leralla la Arunachal Pradesh) le Dhubri (moeli oa Bangladesh), Kulse le sethabathaba sa Brahamaputra.
Dolphin ea La Plata e fumanoa metsing a lebopong la leoatle la Atlantic ka boroa-bochabela ho Amerika Boroa. Tse ling tsa libaka tse atileng haholo moo li ka fumanoang li kenyelletsa metsi a lebopong la Argentina, Brazil le Uruguay. Ha ho so be le lithuto tsa bohlokoa mabapi le ho falla, leha ho le joalo palo e nyane ea tlhaiso-leseling ea dolphin e fana ka maikutlo a matla a hore ho falla ha ho etsahale kantle ho sebaka sa bona se lebopong.
Nonyana ea dolphin e ja eng?
Setšoantšo: Dolphin ea metsi a hloekileng
Joalo ka li-dolphin tsohle, mehlala ea linoka e fepa ka litlhapi. Lenane la bona le kenyelletsa mefuta e ka bang 50 ea litlhapi tse nyane tsa metsi a hloekileng. Hangata li-dolphin tsa noka li tsoma ka ho phunya molomo oa tsona o molelele, o kobehileng hanyane har'a makala a lifate tse koahetsoeng tse koahelang noka.
Li-dolphin tsohle li fumana lijo li sebelisa echolocation kapa sonar. Mokhoa ona oa puisano o bohlokoa haholo bakeng sa li-dolphin tsa noka ha li tsoma, hobane ponahalo libakeng tsa tsona tse lefifi e mpe haholo. Dolphin ea noka e beha litlhapi ka ho li romella melumo e phahameng haholo molomong oa hlooho ea eona. Ha maqhubu ana a molumo a fihla tlhaping, a khutlela dolphin, e a utloang ka lehare la nako e telele, le sebetsang joalo ka lenakana. Ka mor'a moo dolphin eo ea sesa ho ea tšoara litlhapi.
Boholo ba litlhapi tse lijong tsa dolphin tsa noka li masapo haholo ha li bapisoa le litlhapi tsa leoatleng. Bongata bo na le 'mele e thata, e batlang e le "lihlomo",' me ba bang ba bile ba itšireletsa ka likhaba tse bohale. Empa ts'ireletso ena e ke ke ea bapisoa le mohlahare o matla oa dolphin ea metsi a hloekileng le meno a "hlabang lihlomo". Meno a ka pele ho mohlahare a etselitsoe ho phunya le ho tšoara le catfish e thata ka ho fetisisa; meno ka morao a theha sesebelisoa se setle le se hlokang mohau sa ho sithabetsa.
Hang ha litlhapi li tšoaroa ebe li silakanngoa, dolphin ea e koenya ntle le ho e hlafuna. Hamorao, e ka hlatsa masapo a mokokotlo le likarolo tse ling tse sa senyeheng tsa phofu. Liphuputso li bonts'a hore ho fepa hammoho ho atile, ho fana ka maikutlo a hore li-dolphin tse ling li ka tsoma hammoho ho batla lijo.
Likarolo tsa semelo le mokhoa oa bophelo
Setšoantšo: Noka ea Dolphin
Li-dolphin tsa noka ke libopuoa tse mosa tse phetseng metsing a hloekileng ka makholo a lilemo. Hangata li bonoa li le bang kapa ka bobeli nakong ea ho nyalanya, hangata li kopana ka lihlopha tsa batho ba 10 ho isa ho ba 15 ha ho na le phofu e lekaneng. Joalo ka mefuta e meng e mengata, li-dolphin tsena li robala li butse leihlo le le leng.
Ka tloaelo, libopuoa tsena li sesa butle, mme hangata lia tsoha. Li-dolphin tsa noka li sebetsa ho tloha hoseng haholo ho fihlela bosiu haholo. Ba hema ba sebelisa mapheoana a molomo le molomo ka morao ka nako e le 'ngoe.
Ke ka seoelo li-dolphin tsa noka li bonoang li tlola holim'a metsi. Leha ho le joalo, hangata li-dolphin tsa Amazonia li sesa li shebile tlaase. Lebaka la boitšoaro bona le ntse le sa hlaka. Ho lumeloa hore marama a maholo a li-dolphin tsena a sebetsa e le tšitiso ponong ea bona, ka lebaka leo li-dolphin tsena li retelehelang molemong oa ho bona tlase.
Moralo oa sechaba le tlhahiso
Setšoantšo: Dolphin ea linoka tsa liphoofolo
Hangata li-dolphin tsa noka li bapala hammoho. Ena ke boitšoaro bo tsebahalang ba liphoofolo tsa leruarua. Leha ho le joalo, bo-ramahlale hamorao ba ile ba fumana hore ke tse tona feela tse bapalang nakong ea ho nyalanya. Haeba dolphin e tšehali e holile ka thobalano, e ka hohela e tona e le 'ngoe feela. Kahoo, ho na le tlholisano e ngata lipakeng tsa banna. Lipapaling tsa bona tsa ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo, ka linako tse ling ba akhela limela tsa metsing tse ba potileng. Libapali tse tona ka ho fetesisa tsa banna li fumana tlhokomelo e kholo ho basali.
Haufinyane ho ile ha fumaneha hore li-dolphin tsa noka li lula li le bang boholo ba nako. Tse tshehadi di hola ka thobalano ha di le dilemo tse supileng. Nako ea bokhachane (nako ea ho emara ho isa tsoalong) e nka likhoeli tse 9 ho isa ho tse 10.
Le ha ho ikatisa ho ka ba teng neng kapa neng selemong, likhoeli tsa pele-pele li nonne haholo. Leha ho le joalo, tsoalo e hlahang ka metsing ha e so ka e bonoa ke boramahlale. Hang ka mor'a ho tsoaloa, tse ling tse tšehali li sutumetsa namane ka holim'a metsi e le hore e qala ho hema.
Kamora ho beleha, e tšehali e ka tsoela pele ho fepa namane nako e ka etsang likhoeli tse 12, leha liphuputso li bontša hore, ka karolelano, li-dolphin hangata li ikarola ho 'm'a tsona kamora likhoeli tse' maloa feela. Karolelano ea bophelo ba li-dolphin tsa noka ke lilemo tse 30.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa li-dolphin tsa noka
Setšoantšo: Noka ea Dolphin ea China
Tšokelo e ka sehloohong ho dolphin ea noka ke ho tsoma, moo liphoofolo li sebelisoang e le sefi kapa batšoasi ba litlhapi ba li talimang e le bahlolisani. Litšokelo tse ling ho mofuta ona li kenyelletsa ho pepeseha ha batho, ho tšoasoa ke lisebelisoa tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi, khaello ea liphofu le tšilafalo ea lik'hemik'hale. Li-dolphin tsa noka li kotsing ea Lethathamo le Lefubelu la IUCN.
Li-dolphin tsa noka li sokeloa haholo ke ts'enyeho e atileng ea tikoloho e bakoang ke tšilafalo, ho rengoa ha meru, moaho oa matamo le lits'ebetso tse ling tse senyang. Tšilafalo ea lik'hemik'hale e tsoang litšila tsa litoropong, tsa indasteri le tsa temo le phallo ea metsi e fokolisa sesole sa 'mele sa li-dolphin tsa noka, e siea liphoofolo li le kotsing ea mafu a tšoaetsanoang.
Tšusumetso ea lerata e sitisa bokhoni ba ho sesa. Ho rengoa ha meru ho fokotsa palo ea litlhapi linōkeng, ho amoha li- dolphin tsa linōkeng phofu ea tsona e ka sehloohong. Ho rengoa ha meru ho boetse ho fetola sebopeho sa pula, hangata ho lebisang ho theoheng ha bophahamo ba metsi a noka. Boemo ba metsi bo oang bo hulela li-dolphin tsa noka ka matamong a omisang. Hangata li-dolphin tsa noka li angoa ke lifate tseo lik'hamphani tse remang lifate li tsamaisang noka ka kotloloho.
Ho ts'oasa litlhapi ho tlisitse phokotso phepelong ea liphoofolo lefatšeng ka bophara linokeng le maoatleng, ho beha li-dolphin tsa noka tlholisanong e tobileng le batho bakeng sa lijo. Hangata li-dolphin tsa noka li tšoasoa ka matlooa le lihakisi tsa litlhapi kapa li makatsoa ke liqhomane tse sebelisetsoang ho tšoasa litlhapi.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Setšoantšo: Noka ea Dolphin
Li-dolphin tsohle tsa noka li sebelisa sistimi e rarahaneng ea ho ithuta lintho ka bongata ho khetholla balekane le phofu. Nakong e fetileng, li-dolphin tsa linoka le batho ba phetse ka khotso noka ea Mekong, Ganges, Yangtze le Amazon. Ka tloaelo batho ba arolelane litlhapi le metsi a noka le li-dolphin tsa noka, mme ba kentse li-dolphin tsa noka litšomong le lipale. Litumelo tsena tsa moetlo li thusitse li-dolphin tsa noka ho phela. Leha ho le joalo, kajeno batho ka linako tse ling ha ba latele lithibelo tsa ho lematsa li-dolphin tsa noka le ho bolaea liphoofolo ka bongata.
Matamo le lits'ebetso tse ling tse senyang linokeng li ama li-dolphin tsa noka, li fokotsa palo ea litlhapi le oksijene. Matamo hangata a fokotsa phallo ka ho ts'oasa metsi a hloekileng matamong a bona le likanaleng tsa nosetso. Matamo a boetse a arola palo ea dolphin ea noka ka lihlopha tse nyane le tse ikhethileng tsa lefutso tse kotsing ea ho timela.
Matamo a fetola tikoloho, a qobella linoka ho etsa liphetoho tse kholo. Ketsahalo ena e fokotsa menyetla ea ho theha libaka tse ratoang tsa li-dolphin tsa noka. Meaho e senyang joalo ka liteishene tsa pompo le merero ea nosetso e ama hampe lehae la li-dolphin tsa noka mme e ama bokhoni ba liphoofolo ba ho ikatisa le ho phela.
Leha ho le joalo, leha batho ba tseba ka boemo ba kotsing ba li-dolphin tsa noka mme ba etsa boiteko ba paballo, palo ea liphoofolo e ntse e tsoela pele ho fokotseha lefatšeng ka bophara. Maemong a mangata, phokotso e bohlokoa. Batho ba bang ba lahleheloa ke phapang ea liphatsa tsa lefutso e hlokahalang ho phela litšokelo tsa nako e khuts'oane le nako e telele, ho kenyeletsoa phetoho ea maemo a leholimo le khaello ea phofu
Tšireletso ea noka ea dolphin
Setšoantšo: Buka e Khubelu ea Noka ea Dolphin
Li-dolphin tsa noka li kotsing e kholo, haholo-holo ka lebaka la mesebetsi ea batho. Ho hakanngoa hore liphoofolo tse ka bang 5 000 li ne li lula Nokeng ea Yangtze lilemong tsa bo-1950, tse 300 bohareng ba bo-1980, ebe ke liphoofolo tse 13 feela tse ileng tsa bonoa lipatlisisong lilemong tsa bo-1990. Ka 2006, sehlopha sa bo-ramahlale ba machabeng se phatlalalitse hore mofuta ona oa dolphin oa noka ea China o "felile ka mokhoa o sebetsang," kaha ha ho li-dolphin tse bonoeng nakong ea tlhahlobo ea libeke tse 6 Nokeng eohle ea Yangtze.
Mehato ea ts'ireletso ea noka ea dolphin e ntse e nkuoa haufi le linoka le mabopo ho pota lefatše. Boiteko ba paballo bo kenyelletsa merero ea lipatlisiso, phalliso le ho tsoala botlamuoeng, le melao e khahlano le ho bolaea le ho lematsa liphoofolo.
Patlisiso ea mahlale, phaliso le phallo ea botlamuoa li etsoa lehoatateng le hole. Bafuputsi ba thehile tlhaho le libaka tsa maiketsetso bakeng sa ho ikatisa ha li-dolphin tsa noka. Litsi tsa dolphin tsa noka li se li thehiloe bakeng sa Basin ea Amazon le linoka le linoka tsa Asia. Merero ea sechaba e ntse e tsoela pele ho khothaletsa mekhoa e meng e ts'oarellang ea ho ts'oasa litlhapi le ho nts'etsapele mananeo a tikoloho a tla lumella batho le li-dolphin tsa noka ho arolelana lisebelisoa tsa noka. Melao ea naha le ea machabeng e boetse e thibela ho bolaea kapa ho lematsa li-dolphin tsa linoka ho pota lefatše.
Hajoale palo ea dolphin ea noka e na le palo e kholo ea liphoofolo tse nyane, tse fokotsang bokhoni ba ho ikatisa le ho mamella maemo a ho shoa a joalo ka timetso ea libaka tsa bolulo. Noka ea dolphin e hlohlellelitse litsebi tse ngata tsa tikoloho ho kopa boiteko bo kopaneng ba machabeng ba ho pholosa li-dolphin tsa noka hore li se ke tsa timela molemong oa ho tsamaisa mesebetsi ea batho haufi le linoka. Liketso tsena kaofela lia hlokahala hore batho le liphoofolo tse hlaha tsa metsing li ka phela ka khotso.
Letsatsi la phatlalatso: 21.04.2019
Letsatsi la ho nchafatsa: 19.09.2019 ka 22:13
