Letata la Semandarine - linonyana tsa metsing tsa merung ea matata. Tlhaloso ea mahlale ea nonyana le lebitso la Selatine Aix galericulata e fanoe ke Karl Linnaeus ka 1758. Masiba a mebala-bala a li-drakes a hohela le ho khetholla linonyana tsena ho mefuta e meng e amanang le tsona.
Tšimoloho ea mofuta le tlhaloso
Setšoantšo: Letata la Semandarine
Lentsoe la pele lebitsong la Selatine la letata la semandarine ke aix, le bolelang bokhoni ba ho qoela, leha ho le joalo, letata la mandarin ha le etse seoelo ebile ha le na takatso e kholo. Karolo ea bobeli ea lebitso - galericulata e bolela se roaloang hloohong joalo ka kepisi. Ka letata le tona, masiba a hloohong a tšoana le kepisi.
Nonyana ena ho latela taelo ea Anseriformes e nkuoa e le letata la morung. Karolo e ikgethang e e arohanyang le ditho tse ding tsa lelapa la matata ke bokgoni ba yona ba ho hlophisa dihlaha le ho qhotsa mahe mekoting ya difate.
Video: Letata la Semandarine
Baholo-holo ba khale ba matata ba fumanoe polaneteng ea rona lilemong tse ka bang limilione tse 50 BC. Ena ke le leng la makala a li-palamed, tseo hape e leng tsa Anseriformes. Ponahalo ea bona le ho hasana li qalile Karolong e ka Boroa ea Lefatše. Matata a Mandarin a na le bolulo bo ikhethileng haholoanyane - ena ke Asia Bochabela. Beng ka bona ba haufi ba lulang lifateng ba Australia le kontinenteng ea Amerika.
Matata a ile a fumana lebitso la 'ona ka lebaka la bahlomphehi ba China - li-mandarin. Ba boholong boemong bo phahameng 'Musong oa leholimo ba ne ba rata ho apara. Nonyana e tona e na le masiba a khanyang haholo, a mebala-bala, a tšoanang ka sebopeho sa liaparo tsa bahlomphehi. Ponahalo e sebelitse joalo ka lebitso le tloaelehileng la letata lena la sefate. E tšehali, joalo ka ha ho le joalo ka tlhaho, e na le seaparo se itekanetseng.
'Nete e monate: Li-tangerine ke letšoao la ho ts'epahala lenyalong le thabo ea lelapa. Haeba ngoanana a sa nyalane nako e telele, China ho kgothaletswa ho beha lipalo tsa matata ka tlas'a mosamo oa hae e le ho potlakisa lintho.
Ponahalo le likarolo
Setšoantšo: Nonyana ea Semandarine
Nonyana ena e bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse mashome a mane ho isa ho mashome a mahlano. Mapheo a bolelele bo boholo ke cm 75. Boima ba motho e moholo ke 500-800 g.
Hlooho ea e tona e nang le molomo o mofubelu e fapane ka 'mala. Ho tloha holimo e koahetsoe ke masiba a malelele ka molumo o mofubelu ka 'mala o motala le o pherese. Ka mahlakoreng, moo mahlo a leng teng, masiba a masoeu, ’me haufi le molomo ke a’ mala oa lamunu. Mmala ona o tsoela pele ho ea molaleng, empa haufi le mokokotlo oa molala o fetoha haholo ho ea botala bo botala.
Ka sefubeng sa pherese, mela e 'meli e mesoeu e matha ka ho tšoana. Mahlakore a nonyana e tona a bofubedu bo sootho ka "liseile" tse peli tsa lamunu, tse phahamisitsoeng hanyane kaholimo ho mokokotlo. Mohatla o motsho o putswa. Mokokotlo o na le masiba a lefifi, botsho, boputswa, botala le bosweu. Mpa le sefuba se soeufetse. Maroko a nonyana e tona ke a lamunu.
Ka ponahalo e itekanetseng ho feta tsehali, basali ba apere masiba a phatsimang, a maputsoa. Hlooho e nang le molomo o mosootho bo lefifi e na le masiba a malelele a sa bonahaleng haholo. Leihlo le letšo le moeling o mosoeu 'me mola o mosoeu o theoha ho lona ho ea fihla hloohong. Mokokotlo le hlooho li na le 'mala o moputsoa ka ho lekana,' metso le sefuba li kenella ka masiba a bobebe ka molumo. Ho na le 'mala o moputsoa le botala qetellong ea lepheo. Liatla tsa basali li beige kapa bohlooho.
Tse tona di hlahisa masiba a tsona a phatsimang nakong ya ho nyallana, mme kamora moo molt e kenella mme dinonyana tsa metsing di fetola ponahalo ya tsona, di ba tse sa bonahaleng le tse putswa jwaloka metswalle ya tsona e tshepehang. Nakong ena, li ka khetholloa ka molomo oa tsona oa lamunu le maoto a tšoanang.
Taba e khahlisang: Lirapeng tsa liphoofolo le litoropong, o ka fumana batho ba 'mala o mosoeu, ka lebaka la liphetoho tse tlisoang ke likamano tse haufi.
Matata a Semandarine a ts'oana haholo le malinyane a mang a mefuta e amanang le ona, joalo ka mallard. Empa ho masea a mallard, lesela le lefifi le tsoang ka morao hloohong le feta ka leihlong ebe le fihla molomong, 'me ka li-mandarine le fella ka leihlong.
Letata la Semandarine le lula hokae?
Setšoantšo: Letata la Mandarin le Moscow
Sebakeng sa Russia, nonyana ena e ka fumanoa merung ea Bochabela bo Hōle, kamehla haufi le litopo. Sena ke beisine ea linoka tsa Zeya, Gorin, Amur, libakeng tse tlase tsa noka. Amgun, phula ea noka ea Ussuri le sebakeng sa Letša la Orel. Libaka tse tloahelehileng tsa linonyana tsena ke lithaba tsa Sikhote-Alin, mabalane a Khankayskaya le boroa ho Primorye. Ka boroa ho Russian Federation, moeli oa mofuta ona o matha matsoapong a mehala ea Bureinsky le Badzhal. Matata a Semandarine a fumaneha Sakhalin le Kunashir.
Nonyana ena e lula lihlekehlekeng tsa Japane tsa Hokkaido, Hanshu, Kyushu, Okinawa. Korea, li-tangerine li hlaha nakong ea lifofane. Chaena, sebaka sena se haola le likhohlopo tsa Great Khingan le Laoyeling, tse hapileng leboea le haufi, beisine ea Songhua le lebopo la Liaodong Bay.
Matata a khetha ho lula libakeng tse sirelelitsoeng haufi le libaka tsa metsi: mabopong a linoka, matša, moo libaka tsena li nang le lihlahla tsa moru le mafika a majoe. Lebaka ke hobane matata a fumana lijo ka metsing le sehlaha lifateng.
Libakeng tse nang le boemo ba leholimo bo batang, letata la mandarin le fumanoa hlabula, ho tloha mona bakeng sa mariha le fofela libakeng tseo mocheso o sa theoheng ka tlase ho likhato tse hlano tsa Celsius. Ho etsa sena, matata a tsamaea libaka tse telele, ka mohlala, ho tloha Bochabela bo Hōle ba Russia ba fallela lihlekehlekeng tsa Japane le lebopong le ka boroa-bochabela ho China.
Taba e khahlisang: Matata a Semandarine, a holisitsoeng botlamuoeng, hangata "a baleha" ho tsoa libakeng tsa polokelo ea liphoofolo le libakeng tsa paballo ea tlhaho, a fallela hole ho ea fihla Ireland, moo ho seng ho na le lipara tse fetang 1000.
Hona joale o tseba moo letata la Semandarine le lulang teng. A re boneng hore na o ja eng.
Letata la mandarin le ja eng?
Setšoantšo: Letata la Semandarine le tsoang ho Red Book
Linonyana li ja lijo tse tsoakaneng. E na le baahi ba linoka, li-molluscs, hammoho le limela le lipeo. Ho tsoa linthong tse phelang tsa linonyana, lijo ke: tlhapi ea tlhapi, tlhapi e nyane, bo-tadpoles, li-molluscs, li-crustaceans, likhofu, li-slugs, lihoho, linoha, likokoanyana tsa metsing, liboko.
Ho tsoa lijong tsa limela: mefuta e fapaneng ea peo ea limela, li-acorn, linate tsa beech. Ho jeoa limela le makhasi a litlama, tsena e ka ba mefuta ea metsing le e melang morung, mabopong a metsi.
Linonyana li fepa ka shoalane: mafube le pele letsatsi le likela. Libakeng tsa polokelo ea liphoofolo le libakeng tse ling tsa ho ikatisa ka maiketsetso, li fepuoa ka nama e halikiloeng, tlhapi, peo ea limela tsa lijo-thollo:
- harese;
- koro;
- raese;
- poone.
Likarolo tsa semelo le mokhoa oa bophelo
Setšoantšo: Letata la Semandarine la China
Letata la Semandarine le lula merung e teteaneng e lebopong la leoatle, moo li balehelang mekoting ea lifate le mafarung a majoe. Ba khetha libaka tse mabalane, likhohlo tsa likhohola, likhohlo, likhohlo, makhulo a koahetsoeng ke metsi, masimo a nang le likhohola, empa ka boteng bo tlamang ba limela tsa moru tse hlohlorehang. Lithabeng le maralleng, linonyana tsena li ka fumanoa bophahamong bo sa feteng limithara tse sekete le halofo ka holim'a bophahamo ba leoatle.
Libakeng tse lithaba, matata a khetha mabopo a noka, moo ho nang le meru e tsoakaneng le e makhasi, likhohlo tse nang le likheo tsa moea. Spurs ea Sikhote-Alin e tsebahala sebakeng sena, moo melapo le linoka tse ling li kopanang le Ussuri.
'Nete e khahlisang: Malinyane a Semandarine a ke ke a lula lifateng feela, empa hape a fofa a batla a emetse holimo.
Likarolo tsa mandarin:
- ha li fofa, li tsamaisa hantle;
- linonyana tsena, ho fapana le matata a mang, hangata li ka bonoa li lutse makaleng a lifate;
- ba sesa hantle, empa ke ka seoelo ba sebelisang monyetla ona ho qoela ka tlasa metsi, leha ba tseba ho o etsa;
- matata a boloka mohatla oa tsona o phahame ka holim'a metsi ha a ntse a sesa;
- li-tangerine li letsa mololi o ikhethang, ha li qhekelle, joalo ka banab'abo bona ba bang ka lapeng.
Moralo oa sechaba le tlhahiso
Setšoantšo: Letata la Semandarine
Phapang e ka sehloohong lipakeng tsa linonyana tsena tse ntle tsa metsing ke ho nyala mosali a le mong. Boinehelo bo joalo ho e mong le e mong bo ba entse Bochabela e le letšoao la kopano e matla ea lenyalo. E tona e qala ho bapala lipapaling mathoasong a selemo. Masiba a khanyang a etselitsoe ho hohela e tšehali, empa drake ha e emise moo, o sesa ka metsing ka selikalikoe, o phahamisa masiba a malelele ka mokokotlong oa hlooho ea hae, ka tsela eo ka pono a eketsa boholo ba eona. Bakopi ba 'maloa ba ka hlokomela letata le le leng. Kamora hore mosali a etse khetho, banyalani bana ba lula ba ts'epahalla bophelo bohle. Haeba e mong oa balekane a hlokahala, e mong o sala a le mong.
Nako ea ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo e oela qetellong ea Hlakubele, qalong ea Mmesa. Ka nako eo e tšehali e iphumana e le sebaka se patehileng ka sekoting sa sefate kapa e ikahela sehlaha nakong ea moea, tlasa metso ea lifate, moo e behelang mahe ho tloha ho a mane ho isa ho a 12.
Taba e khahlisang: Ho etsa hore linonyana tsena li khone ho lula le ho hloella makaleng a lifate, tlhaho e file maoto a eona manala a matla a khonang ho tšoarella makhapetla le ho ts'oara letata moqhaka oa lifate.
Nakong ea poloko, 'me e nka hoo e ka bang khoeli, e tona e tlisa lijo ho molekane oa eona, e mo thusa ho phela nakong ena e ikarabellang le e thata.
Mapelepele a tšweleditšwego ke mae a mašweu a mafolofolo kudu go tloga diiri tša mathomo. "Phatlalatso" ea pele e khahlisa haholo. Kaha matata ana a lula mekoting kapa mapatsong a majoe, ho thata ho fihla metsing bakeng sa masea a sitoang ho fofa. 'Mè oa Semandarine o ea mokatong o ka tlase mme o bitsa bana ka ho letsetsa mololi. Matata a sebete a tlolela ka sehlaheng, a otla fatše haholo, empa hang-hang a tlolela maotong a bona mme a qale ho matha.
Kamora ho ema ho fihlela malinyane 'ohle a matata a le fatše, mme o li isa metsing. Hang-hang ba theohela ka metsing, ba sesa hantle le ka mafolofolo. Masea hang-hang a qala ho iphepa bakeng sa lijo tsa 'ona: limela tse jang limela, lipeo, likokoanyana, liboko, li-crustaceans tse nyane le li-molluscs.
Haeba ho na le tlhoko mme haeba ho ka ba le kotsi, letata le ipata ka litsuonyana moferong o teteaneng oa lebopong, le drake e tsotellang le e sebete e bakang "mollo ka boeona", e sitisa liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo. Litsuonyana li qala ho fofa ka khoeli le halofo.
Likhoeli tse peli hamorao, malinyane a matona a se a ntse a ikemetse ka botlalo. Tse tona tse tona di molt mme di theha mohlape wa tsona. Khōlo ea thobalano matateng ana e etsahala a le selemo se le seng. Karolelano ea nako ea bophelo ke lilemo tse supileng le halofo.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa matata a mandarin
Setšoantšo: Letata la banna la mandarin
Ka tlhaho, lira tsa matata ke liphoofolo tse ka senyang lihlaha likoting tsa lifate. Ka mohlala, le litoeba tse kang mekholutsoane li khona ho kena ka sekoting ebe li ja mahe a Semandarine. Lintja tsa li-raccoon, li-otter ha li je mahe feela, empa li boetse li tsoma malinyane a matata esita le matata a seng a le maholo, a seng maholo haholo ebile a sa khone ho hanela ha a ka ts'oaroa ka tšohanyetso.
Li-Ferrets, minks, baemeli ba li-mustelids, liphokojoe le liphoofolo tse ling tse jang liphoofolo, tseo boholo ba tsona bo li lumellang ho tsoma linonyana tsena tse nyane tsa metsing, li ka ba kotsi ho bona. Li boetse li tsongoa ke linoha, liphofu tsa tsona ke litsuonyana le mahe. Linonyana tse jang nama: liphooko, liphooko le tsona ha li hloee ho ja li-tangerine.
Masholu a liphoofolo a bapala karolo e ikhethang ho fokotsa palo ea baahi libakeng tsa bona tsa tlhaho. Ho tsoma linonyana tsena tse ntle ho thibetsoe, empa ha li senngoe bakeng sa nama, empa ke ka lebaka la masiba a tsona a khanyang. Joale linonyana li ea ho li-taxidermists ho ba liphoofolo tse kentsoeng. Kamehla ho na le monyetla oa ho otla ka phoso letata la Mandarin nakong ea ho tsoma matata a mang, hobane ho thata ho e khetholla ho linonyana tse ling tsa letata tse moeeng.
'Nete e monate: Semandarine ha e tsongoe bakeng sa nama ea eona, kaha e latsoa hampe. Sena se kenya letsoho paballo ea linonyana ka tlhaho.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Setšoantšo: Letata la Mandarin le Moscow
Matata a Semandarine a ne a fumaneha hohle Asia bochabela pele. Mesebetsi ea batho, ho rengoa ha meru, ho fokolitse haholo libaka tsa bolulo tse loketseng linonyana tsena. Li ile tsa nyamela libakeng tse ngata moo lihlaha tsa tsona li neng li fumanoa pele.
Morao koana ka 1988, letata la mandarin le ne le thathamisitsoe ho Red Book ea machaba e le mofuta o kotsing ea ho fela. Ka 1994, boemo bona bo ile ba fetoha kotsi e tlase, 'me ho tloha ka 2004, linonyana tsena li na le ts'okelo e tlase.
Leha e na le tloaelo ea ho fokotseha ha baahi le ho fokotseha ha tikoloho ea tlhaho, mofuta ona oa matata o na le sebaka se seholo sa phepelo mme palo ea ona ha e sekamele ho boleng bo tebileng. Ho theoha ha lipalo ka botsona ha ho potlake, ho ka tlase ho 30% lilemong tse leshome, e leng ho sa bakeng ho tšoenyeha ka mofuta ona.
Ntho ea bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa ho khutlisetsa baahi ka mokhoa o sa lekanyetsoang e ne e le thibelo ea boits'oaro ba boitšoaro. Russia e na le litumellano tse 'maloa tsa paballo ea linonyana tse fallang le Japane, Korea le China, ho kenyeletsoa le li-tangerine.
Bakeng sa ho eketsa palo ea linonyana tsena tse ntle Bochabela bo Hare, litsebi:
- ho beha leihlo boemo ba mofuta;
- ho lateloa mehato ea ts'ireletso ea tikoloho ho beiloe leihlo;
- Lihlaha tsa maiketsetso li fanyehiloe mabopong a noka, haholo-holo libakeng tse haufi le libaka tsa tlhaho,
- ho theoa libaka tse ncha tse sirelelitsoeng 'me tsa khale lia atolosoa.
Ts'ireletso ea matata a mandarin
Setšoantšo: Letata la Semandarine le tsoang ho Red Book
Russia, ho tsoma li-tangerine ho thibetsoe, nonyana ena e tlas'a ts'ireletso ea mmuso. Lihlaha tse fetang likete tse 30 tsa sehlaha Bochabela bo Hare, Primorye. Ho na le libaka tse 'maloa tse sirelelitsoeng moo linonyana tsa metsing li ka lulang ka bolokolohi mabopong a matamo. Tsena ke libaka tsa polokelo tsa Sikhote-Alin, Ussuriysky, Kedrovaya Pad, Khingansky, Lazovsky, Bolshekhekhtsirsky.
Ka 2015, sebakeng sa Noka ea Bikin sebakeng sa Primorsky, serapa se secha sa paballo ea tlhaho se thehiloe, moo ho nang le libaka tse ngata tse loketseng bophelo ba matata a mandarin. Ka kakaretso, ho na le batho ba ka bang 65,000 - 66,000 lefatšeng (ho latela likhakanyo tsa Wetlands International ho tloha 2006).
Likhakanyo tsa naha tsa lipara tsa linonyana tsa metsing li batla li fapane ebile ke naha:
- China - lipara tse ka bang likete tse 10 tsa ho ikatisa;
- Taiwan - lipara tse ka bang 100 tsa ho ikatisa;
- Korea - lipara tse ka bang likete tse 10 tsa ho ikatisa;
- Japane - ho fihlela ho 10000 likete tse peli tsa ho ikatisa.
Ho phaella moo, ho boetse ho na le linonyana tse mariha linaheng tsena. Matata a Mandarin a hōliselitsoe ka maiketsetso linaheng tse ngata, moo a ka fumanehang ka tlhaho: Spain, Lihlekehleke tsa Canary, Austria, Belgium, Netherlands, England, Denmark, France, Jeremane, Slovenia le Switzerland. Ho na le matata a matandarine empa ha a tsoale Hong Kong, India, Thailand, Vietnam, Nepal le Myanmar. Ho na le lihlopha tse ngata tse arohaneng tsa linonyana tsena United States.
Matšoao a kopano e matla ea lenyalo, linonyana tsena tse ntle tsa metsing li khabisa libaka tsa polokelo ea liphoofolo lefatšeng ka bophara. Moo maemo a leholimo a lumellang, a holisoa ka matamong a toropo, mme batho ba bang ba boloka matata e le liphoofolo tsa lapeng. Linonyana tsena li bonolo ho thapisoa le ho mamella bophelo hantle botlamuoeng.
Letsatsi la phatlalatso: 19.06.2019
Letsatsi le ntlafalitsoeng: 23.09.2019 ka 20:38
