Lelapa la bafetoleli le iphetotse sebakeng sa Afrotropical bohareng ba Miocene. Lihlopha tse peli, lehloa le lirobele tsa lefats'e, mohlomong li simolohile sebakeng sa Palaearctic. Linonyana tsa Afrika li ne li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse peli: lirobele tsa majoe le lirobele tsa 'nete, tse ileng tsa etsa kolone ea Afrika mme tsa hlahisa likolone tsa bobeli ho la Eurasia.
Bo-rasaense ba linonyana ba amohela mefuta e mehlano ea lirobele:
- lehloa;
- letsopa;
- leoto le lekhuts'oane;
- lejoe;
- ea sebele.
Likarolo tsa libaka tsa mefuta ea lirobele
Lirobele tsa lehloa
E abuoa Europe le Asia, khafetsa e hlaha ka bongata bo nyane Alaska nakong ea ho falla, e khutsufatsa tsela, e fofa ka Leoatle la Bering. Linonyana tse ling tse fallang ka hoetla li fallela boroa ho tloha lehlakoreng la Amerika. Lirobele tsa lehloa li bonoa libakeng tse ngata ka bochabela ho lebopo la Atlantic le boroa ho Colorado.
Lirobele tsa lefatše
Linonyana tsa lihlaha li khetha lehoatata, lithota tse majoe le lihlaba tse nang le joang bo bokhutšoaane bo ommeng, mathōkong a mahoatata; li fumaneha karolong e ka bochabela ea Inner Mongolia le ho tloha Mongolia ho ea Siberia Altai.
Lirobele tse maoto a makhuts'oane
Ba rata libaka tse omelletseng tse nang le limela tse fokolang haholo, hangata libakeng tse nang le maralla a mangata le lithaba tsa Turkey, Middle East, ho tloha Armenia ho ea Iran, ka boroa ho Turkmenistan, Afghanistan le Baluchistan (Pakistan), tseo ka linako tse ling li fumanoang Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, United Arab Emirates le Oman. Li ipata haholo-holo Hloahloeng ea Arabia le ka leboea-bochabela ho Afrika.
Lirobele tsa majoe
Ho khethoa libaka tsa majoe tse nang le joang bo bokhuts'oane, libaka tse omeletseng le tse majoe, libaka tse lithaba le lithako tsa khale. Ena ke ponahalo e tloaelehileng ea Mediterranean. Serobele sa lejoe se hlaha ka boroa ho Yuropa, ho tloha Hloahloeng ea Iberia le bophirima ho Afrika Leboea, ho haola ka boroa ho Europe ho ea Asia Bohareng. Baahi ba Asia ba fallela boroa kamora nako ea ho ikatisa le mariha.
Lirobele tsa sebele
Mofuta ona o arotsoe ka li-subspecies tse peli tse kholo:
Lirobele tsa ntlo
Metse e khethiloeng, litoropo, mapolasi. Ha ho na sebaka se tobileng sa bolulo, empa li lula li le haufi le meaho ea maiketsetso, eseng libakeng tsa tlhaho. Ba lula litoropong, litoropong, mapolasing, haufi le matlo le likhoebo.
Lirobele tsa masimong
Ba lula masimong le metseng. Amerika Leboea, ba lula libakeng tse bulehileng tse nang le lihlahla le lifate tse hasaneng, literopong le litoropong. Europe le Asia, e fumanoa mefuteng e mengata ea libaka tse bulehileng, meru, metseng le mapolasing.
Likarolo tse bonahalang tsa lirobele
Taelo ea batho ba fetang ka tsela e na le melomo e mekhutšoanyane, e matla, e sebelisetsoang ho bokella peo ea joang le lijo-thollo. Maleme a bona a na le sebopeho se ikhethileng sa masapo se ebolang makhoba a lipeo. Linonyana tsena le tsona li molt ka ho felletseng ha li kena boemong ba batho ba baholo ba bophelo.
Melomo ya e tona e fetola mmala ho tloha bohlooho ho ya ho botsho ha dinonyana di qala ho etsa thobalano. Mefuta e mengata ea lelapa la serobele e phela bophelo ba nakoana. Lirobele tsa 'nete le tsa majoe li na le mapheo a makhuts'oane, a maphoho' me li fofa hampe, li etsa lifofane tse khutšoane tse tobileng. Lirobele tsa lehloa le tsa letsopa tse lulang libakeng tse bulehileng haholo li na le mapheo a malelele ka ho lekana a nang le masiba a masoeu a fapaneng ka masiba a tsona, a hlahelletseng haholo liponong tse fofang tse tloaelehileng tsa linonyana tse sebakeng se bulehileng. Taba ea thobalano le lirobele tsa lehloa, lefats'e le majoe ha e eo. Ke lirobele tsa banna feela tse nang le letheba le lesehla 'metso. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, lirobele tsa 'nete ha li tšoane; tse tona li khetholloa ka li-bibs tse ntšo le mekhoa e ntlafalitsoeng hantle hloohong.
Tsela eo lirobele li itšoarang ka eona
Boholo ba lirobele lia tloaelana, li bokana ka mehlape e meholo mme li theha likolone. Mefuta e mengata e na le mefuta e tsoakaneng ea ho ikatisa. Lihlaha tsa bokolone li ka bonoa Asia Bohareng, moo linonyana tse likete tse makholo a likete li lulang ka nako e le 'ngoe libakeng tsa bolulo tsa lirobele. Likoloneng tse joalo, lihlaha li arohane haholo, ho fihlela lihlaha tse 200 sefateng ka seng. Ka kakaretso, lihlaha ha li na sebaka se seholo joalo, palo ea tsona e lekantsoe ke ho fumaneha ha libaka tse loketseng limela. Hangata, banyalani ba 20-30 ba lula haufi.
Lirobele li ikakhela ka setotsoana lerōleng le ho hlapa metsi. Ka bobeli ke mesebetsi ea sechaba. Linonyana tse ngata li bokella peo ebe li phomola mohahong o motle. Ha lirobele li ntse li sila lipeō tse thata, li lula haufi le tsona 'me li tloaelane le likojoe tse bonolo.
Phepo ea serobele le lijo
Lirobele lia ja:
- peo ea limela tse nyane;
- lijo-thollo tse lengoang;
- ho ja liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng;
- litšila tsa lelapa;
- monokotsoai o monyenyane;
- peo ea lifate.
Bakeng sa litsuonyana, batsoali "ba utsoa" lijo tsa liphoofolo. Nakong ea nako ea ho ikatisa, lirobele tse kholo li ja tse se nang lesapo la mokokotlo, boholo ba tsona ke likokoanyana tse tsamaeang butle, empa ka linako tse ling li tšoara liphofu tsa tsona ha li fofa.
