Ho lumeloa hore joale ho na le liphiri tse likete tse 30 tse lulang lefatšeng. Ha ho makatse hore ebe ke ka seoelo liphoofolo tsena tse jang nama li kopanang le mofuta oa tsona, li khetha ho itšebetsa li le nosi libakeng tse tsoang ho kilomitara e le 'ngoe ho isa ho likete tse likete tse peli.
Tlhaloso, ponahalo ea wolverine
Ka bobeli lelapa le lelapa le tlase, le kenyeletsang sebatana, li bitsoa joalo - "marten". Ke otter ea leoatleng feela e kholo ho feta wolverine (har'a beng ka eona ba haufi). Ka boholo, wolverine e tšoana le ntja e kholo, ka ponahalo - pela kapa bere e nang le mohatla o boreleli, o bolelele bo bolelele (18-23 cm). Phoofolo e seng e le kholo e hola ho fihlela ho 70-85 cm ka boima ba 10-14 kg (e tšehali) le 13-17 kg (e tona). Mefuta e meholo ka ho fetisisa e ka hula ho fihlela ho 20 kg.
Litsebe tse makhethe tse chitja li bonahala hloohong e kholo, thiba molomo e tšoana le bere... Mahlo, joalo ka nko, a matsho. 'Mele o mosesane, o teteaneng o behiloe ka maoto le matsoho a makhuts'oane, a ka pele a le makhuts'oane ho feta a ka morao, a bonahala a phahamisa mokokotlo oa' mele, e leng se etsang hore o bonahale eka o kobehile hanyane.
Phiri e khetholloa ka menoana e meholo e mehlano, e ka bang bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 10 - bolelele ba 9 cm - bophara): "sole" e joalo, e matlafalitsoeng ka manala a eona, e thusa phoofolo ho hlola habonolo libaka tse koahetsoeng ke lehloa. Ha e tsamaea, sebatana sa semela sa semela se khetholla maoto a sona ka ho hlaka, kaha se beha marapo a sona, se phomotse ka leoto lohle.
Boea ba lehlabula bo bokhutšoaane haholo ho kenyelletsa mokhabiso ho wolverine, bo patile lehata le maoto a eona a sa lekanyetsoang: nakong ena ea selemo, e shebahala e le bohlanya haholo. Wolverine e hola ka botle ka ho fetisisa ke serame, e aha seaparo se teteaneng sa 'mala o mosootho / o motšo, o hlapolotsoeng ka mola o sephara, o bobebe mahlakoreng.
Hoa thahasellisa!Seaparo se boea se pata lesapo le matla. Ho na le tšobotsi e 'ngoe hape e mo etsang hore a tšoane le bere: joalo ka eena, wolverine e bonahala e le bobebe. O laola 'mele oa hae o matla habonolo, a bontša mohanyetsi karabelo e potlakileng ea lehalima.
Sebaka
Phoofolo e lula libakeng tse pharalletseng le libakeng tse futhumetseng tsa Amerika Leboea le Eurasia, e lula libakeng tse hole tsa taiga, lihlekehleke tsa Arctic, moru-tundra le tundra (moo ho nang le liphoofolo tse ngata tse hlaha).
Phoofolo e amoheloa e le lets'oao la semmuso la Michigan, leo hangata le bitsoang "naha ea wolverine." Europe, wolverine e khethile karolo e ka leboea ea Hloahloa ea Scandinavia, hammoho le Finland, Poland, Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Belarus le Russia.
Naheng ea habo rona, sebatana se ka fumanoa Siberia, Hloahloeng ea Kola, sebakeng sa Perm, Karelia, Rephabliki ea Komi, Bochabela bo Hōle le Kamchatka. Meeli e ka boroa ea bolulo e feta libakeng tsa Kirov, Tver, Leningrad, Pskov, Vologda le Novgorod.
Lihlopha tsa liphiri tse hlaha ha li fumanehe hangata haholo... E mong oa litsebi tsa tlhaho o ile a makala ha a hlalosa ho tlala ha phoofolo lithabeng tsa Sikhote-Alin tse hlokometsoeng ke eena le metsoalle ea hae: li-kilometara tse 100 ka motho ka mong. Boikarabello bo joalo ba rekoto bakeng sa sebatana bo hlalositsoe ke palo e kholo ea elk e tlileng libakeng tsena. Hoa tsebahala hore li-wolverine tse ka bang makholo a mane li lula sebakeng se atolositsoeng sa Ussuriysky Territory, mme ha li fete li-wolverine tse fetang likete tse peli boteng ba Yakutia.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa wolverine
Joaloka baemeli bohle ba li-mustelids, wolverine e na le tšoelesa ea anal, eo liphiri tsa eona li sebelisitsoeng maemong a mararo:
- ho hohela batho ba bong bo fapaneng;
- ho khetha sebaka sa "bona";
- ho tshosa sera.
Lekunutu le nkhang hamonate ha le sireletse feela Wolverine litlhaselong tsa libatana, empa hape le e fa sebete, mochesong oo ka lihlong o nkang phofu le lynx. Ho haella ha khanyetso ho hlalosoa ka mokhoa o bonolo: lynx, joalo ka phoofolo e hloekileng ka mokhoa o hloekileng, e leka ho baleha lesholu le nkgang kapele kamoo ho ka khonehang.
Ho na le menyenyetsi ea hore phiri e kholo e ka hlasela phiri ka boeona, ka tšepo ea matla le meno a eona a matla: haeba e sa thuse, sebetsa sa ho qetela se bolaeang se sebelisoa - monko o nyonyehang. Wolverine ha a koale khalefo, ke ka hona le bere e mo koekoetlang. Motho ha a hlaseloe ntle leha ho hlokahala ka botlalo: ha feela a mo khannela hukung... Kotsing, e bohola joalo ka phokojoe.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ngaka ea Saense ea Bioloji Yuri Porfirievich Yazan, sengoli sa libuka tse khahlisang tse mabapi le liphoofolo tse anyesang, o ananetse ho se fele pelo, matla le ho hloka tšabo ea wolverine. Yazan o ngotse hore ha a inehele ho bere kapa nkoe, empa a ke ke a tšolla mali lefeela.
Har'a litsomi, ho ne ho na le lipale tsa hore wolverine o ne a lula a etsa bosholu ba bosholu, a utsoa lijo (ho kenyeletsoa nama) mohahong oa polokelo le liphoofolo lerabeng. Bakeng sa maqheka ana, hammoho le taba ea hore wolverine e senya maraba a kentsoeng litselaneng tsa ho tsoma, ba mo file lebitso la bosoasoi le sa khahliseng "sebatana se litšila" mme ba qala ho bolaea ntle ho tekanyo efe kapa efe. Libakeng tse ling, ba bile ba ngola le bonase bakeng sa timetso ea wolverine.
Ba emisitse ho lelekisa sebata eseng khale haholo, ba ithutile mekhoa e metle mme ba ananela tlatsetso ea eona ho bophelo bo botle ba liphoofolo tsa morung. Ha e le hantle, matlo a polokelo ea taiga hangata a senngoa ke libere tse sootho, 'me li-wolverine, leha li lelera haufi le lishele tsa polokelo le litselana tsa ho tsoma, li qoba batho ebile ha li utsoe lijo.
Mokgwa wa bophelo
Phiri, ke bo-hloma-u-hlomole, ho fapana le beng ka bona ka lapeng, ba lula sebakeng se le seng: e tsamaea e sa khathale ho potoloha sebaka sa eona se pharalletseng, e sala morao (hangata ka shoalane) phofu e loketseng.
Ha e le tseleng, wolverine ha e lebale ho sheba moo liphoofolo tse nyane li ka ipatang teng - ka mekoting, lihlaheng, masoba, patsi e shoeleng le likhohlo. E hloella lifate ntle le bothata ka lebaka la manala a teng ka tieo le marapo a matla.
Wolverine ha a rate ha batho ba bong bo tšoanang ba kenella sebakeng sa eona, 'me ba sireletsa boipuso ba eona ka bohale... Ho tepella maikutlong ka tlase ho metso e phethotsoeng, mapheo a majoe le mekoti e ba matlo a nakoana a sebata. Haeba ho se na bolulo haufi, a ka robala bosiu majoeng kapa lehloeng.
Hoa thahasellisa! Wolverine ke motho ea sesa ea ratehang. O boetse o khona ho bona hantle, o utloa hantle empa ha a utloe hantle.
Ho hloka tšabo ha wolverine ho tlatsetsoa ke tlhokomeliso ea eona: litšoaneleho ka bobeli li e lumella ho tsamaea e sa bonoe litseleng tsa batho le libatana tse kholo ka tšepo ea ho nka ntho e jeoang. Wolverine a ka tsamaea tseleng efe kapa efe, 'mila oa lehloa le pina.
Lebelo ha se ntlha ea hae e matla (skier kapa ntja e tla feta phiri habonolo), empa e hloka mamello, e matha ka karolelano ea lik'hilomithara tse 30 ka letsatsi. E matha hanyenyane ka thoko le ho tlola. Ho na le linyeoe ha li-wolverine li beha lirekoto tsa bolelele ba motsamao: e le 'ngoe e koahetse 70 km ntle le ho emisa, ea bobeli e matha 85 km ka letsatsi, ea boraro ka libeke tse 2 e tsokotsa lik'hilomithara tse 250.
Litsebi tsa liphoofolo li lumela hore phiri ha e tataisoe ke nako ea letsatsi tseleng, e phomola haeba e ikutloa e khathetse.
Lijo tsa Wolverine
Mefuta-futa ea lithahasello tsa hae tsa gastronomiki e pharalletse haholo, empa ho omnivorousness ha e tšehetsoe ke tsebo e lekaneng ea ho tsoma: wolverine ha se kamehla e nang le bokhabane bo lekaneng ho ts'oara phoofolo e nyane, le matla a ho imela e kholo. Ke 'nete, sena se ntse se etsahala ka linako tse ling: phiri e khona ho khanna elk e phetseng hantle kapa khama e khangang ke lehloa le tebileng kapa e qaoa ke leqhoa... Re ka re'ng ka phoofolo e lemetseng kapa e kulang: wolverine e ke ke ea fetoa ke monyetla oa eona. Ha a tsilatsile ho nka likotoana tse setseng kamora mokete oa libere, lynse kapa liphiri. Mohoo oa makhoaba le makhoaba "o mo lebisa" ho setopo.
Wolverine ke e 'ngoe ea litaelo tsa meru, e lokollang batho ba likhama, likhama, linku tsa thaba, likhama le likhama ho tsoa ho beng ka bona ba fokolang. Lipalo-palo li tjena: o nka li-ungulates tse 7 ho tse 10 kamora libatana tse kholo, 'me o tsoma tse tharo tsa tsona.
Hoa thahasellisa! Lebaka la mokhatlo o sa tloaelehang oa li-wolverine tsa batho ba baholo ke ho tsoma ka kopanelo. Hangata sena se etsahala libakeng tsa Siberia ea Bochabela le Bochabela bo Hōle, moo ho nang le likhama tse ngata tsa 'musk, tse tlohelang ho lelekisa. Ho tseba karolo ena, li-wolverine li arolelana likarolo: e le 'ngoe e khanna likhama tsa musk, ba bang ba emetse hore selikalikoe se koalehe.
Wolverine o mamella ka bonolo beke ea tlala, empa o lula a ja ka nako e bolokiloeng, a nona kapele. E tsoma phofu e kholo likhechaneng tse 'maloa tse kholo ebe e e pata libakeng tse fapaneng, butle-butle ee ja. Musk deer e ja ka matsatsi a 3-4.
Hangata li-ungulates le setopo li etsa lijo tsa mariha tsa wolverine. Lehlabula le selemo, lijo lia fapana, 'me ho ea batla lijo ho ba sewelo.
Lenaneo la liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo hlabula le kenyelletsa:
- malinyane a sa tsoa tsoaloa, manamane le likonyana;
- linonyana (hazel grouse, black grouse) le mahe a linonyana;
- litlhapi (phela le ho robala);
- magotlo, mekgaditswane, digwagwa le dinoga;
- monokotsoai, mahe a linotši le linate;
- diboko tsa bobi
E na le lebelo le tlase, empa e matlafetse, e khona ho bolaea phofu ea eona ka ho e batla nako e telele.
Ho ikatisa
E motona le e motšehali ba qala ho tšoarana hantle ka Mots'eanong - Phato, nakong ea ho nyalana, ba theha kopano ea nakoana (ea libeke tse 'maloa). Phiri e tsoala lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse peli, 'me bokhachane bo na le nako e telele e patiloeng (likhoeli tse 7-8), kamora moo kholo e tloaelehileng ea lesea le sa tsoa emoloa e qala. Kamora matsatsi a 30 ho isa ho a 40, e tšehali qetellong ea tsoala.
Ka tebello ea ho beleha, 'm'a moimana o hlomella lemena, moo mokoti o le mong kapa e' meli e telele (ho fihla ho 40 metres) e lebisang teng. Wolverine ha a tsotelle boiketlo mme o beha lemena ka mokhoa o sa tsotelleng, ho tloha matsatsing a pele a supang ho litloholo ka mathata a bophelo ba bo-hloma-u-hlomole. Ha se kamehla sehlaha se leng sebakeng se bolokehileng (lehaheng, lipakeng tsa majoe, metsong ea sefate): ka linako tse ling ke khatello ea maikutlo lehloeng feela.
Malinyane (2-4) a hlaha ka Hlakola / Hlakubele. Bana ba foufetse ebile ba mobe, boima ba e mong le e mong ha bo felle ligrama tse 70-100. Ka khoeli, li boima ba lik'hilograma tse 0.5 'me li bula mahlo,' me ka mor'a likhoeli tse 'maloa li tšoana le' m'a tsona, ha li ntse li theola boima ba 'mele.
Lebese la 'm'e le nkeloa sebaka ke lijo tse hahiloeng ka halofo,' me malinyane a fumana boipuso bo lekanyelitsoeng, a tsoa ka mokoting le mme oa bona bohareng ba lehlabula. Wolverine e ba lokisetsa liphetoho tse telele, tseo ba tla li lumelloa qalong ea kholo e felletseng ka lilemo tse 2.
Wolverine le monna
Batsomi ba Taiga ba hlokomela hore liphiri tse tšoasitsoeng ke tsona li tšoauoa ka ho eketsa mafura, empa phoofolo ena ha e tlatse palo ea likhau tsa ho tsoma.
Letlalo la Wolverine ke sehlahisoa se fokolang. Tlhokahalo ea eona e ikhethang har'a matsoalloa a ka leboea e hlalosoa ke qubu ea eona e tšoarellang le e telele, e sa sebeletseng serame se matla. Boea bo sebelisetsoa ho roka liaparo tsa ka ntle, hammoho le ho etsa li-muffs, li-collar le likatiba.
Letlalo la Wolverine ha le kope letlalo la sable - ho tloha ho 70 ho isa ho 100 dollars.
Hoa thahasellisa! Li-wolverine tse phelang le tsona li ananeloa haholo. Lirapa tsa liphoofolo li ikemiselitse ho lefa $ 250 bakeng sa sebatana ka seng. Wolverine e fumaneha ka seoelo botlamuoeng, kaha baahi ba eona ba lekane naheng.
Ka tsela eo, malinyane a wolverine a oeleng ho motho kapele a hokahana mme a ba bonolo. Phoofolo e ruuoang ea itlhokomela, ha e hlomphehe, e mamela mong'a eona ebile e qabola haholo.
