Motho e mong le e mong oa tseba mohale oa pale ea lipale ea Kipling e bitsoang Riki-Tiki-Tavi, empa ke batho ba fokolang ba tsebang hore li-mongoose tse hlaha ha li loane ka sebete le linoha feela, empa hape li hokahana le motho kapele. O tsamaea ka lirethe, o robala haufi mme o bile o shoa lefu la ho hlonama ha mong'a lona a ka tsamaea.
Tlhaloso ea mongoose
Mongoose e hlahile nakong ea Paleocene, lilemong tse ka bang limilione tse 65 tse fetileng... Liphoofolo tsena tse mahareng ka tlasa lebitso la mahlale la Herpestidae li kenyelelitsoe ho suborder Cat-like, leha kantle li shebahala joalo ka li-ferrets.
Ponahalo
Li-mongooses ha li lekane ka boholo khahlanong le semelo sa liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tsa lefatše. 'Mele o molelele o nang le mesifa, ho latela mofuta, o lekana le bolelele ba 18-75 cm ka boima ba 280 g (dwarf mongoose) le 5 kg (mongoose o mosoeu o mosoeu). Mohatla o tšoana le khoune 'me ke 2/3 bolelele ba' mele.
Hlooho e makhethe, e nang le litsebe tse chitja, e kopana le molomo o mosesane o nang le mahlo a lekanang. Meno a mongoose (32 ho isa ho 40) a manyane empa a matla 'me a etselitsoe ho phunya letlalo la noha.
Hoa thahasellisa! Hase khale haholo, mongoose e ile ea qheleloa ka thoko ho lelapa la civerrid. Ho ile ha fumaneha hore, ho fapana le tsa morao-rao tse nang le litšoelesa tse nkhang hamonate tse kang tsa anal, li-mongooses li sebelisa li-anal (ho hohela tse tšehali kapa ho tšoaea sebaka sa tsona).
Liphoofolo li na le mahlo a matle 'me li laola habonolo' mele ea tsona e matla e feto-fetohang, e leng se etsang hore ho be le lehalima le makatsang. Ho sebetsana ka katleho le sera, manala a bohale a sa huleng hape a thusa, nakong ea khotso a sebelisetsoa ho cheka litemana tsa ka tlas'a lefatše.
Moriri o motenya, o mahoashe o sireletsa khahlanong le ho longoa ke linoha, empa ha o boloke ho tloha pusong ea matsetse le liboseleise (ntlheng ena, mongooses e fetola bolulo ba bona feela). Boea ba mefuta e fapaneng bo na le 'mala oa eona, ho tloha bohlooho ho ea sootho, monochromatic kapa metsero.
Mongoose subspecies
Lapa la Herpestidae (Mongoose) le bopša ke 17 ya tša kakaretšo le 35 ya mehuta ya diphedi. Har'a li-genera tse mashome a mabeli (hoo e ka bang), tse tloaelehileng haholo ke:
- metsi le mosehla mongooses;
- maoto a batsho le mohatla o mosweu;
- serethe le metsero;
- Li-mongooses tsa Kuzimans le Liberia;
- Dologale le Paracynictis;
- Suricata le Rhynchogale.
Hona ho kenyelletsa mofuta o mongata ka ho fetisisa oa Herpestes (Mongoose) o nang le mefuta e 12:
- li-mongooses tse nyane le tse sootho;
- di-mongooses tse sekoto se sekgutshwane le tse telele;
- Li-mongooses tsa Javane le Baegepeta;
- mongoose e kopantsoeng le e metsero;
- crongoater mongoose le mokhoabo oa mokhoabong
- Li-mongooses tsa Maindia le tse tloaelehileng.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ke mefuta e 'meli ea hoqetela ea mofuta oa Herpestes eo ho nkoang hore ke bahlabani ba ke keng ba lekanngoa lintoeng tse nang le linoha tse chefo. Ka mohlala, mongoose e itekanetseng ea Maindia e khona ho bolaea sera se matla joalo ka masumu a mabala a limithara tse peli.
Botho le mokhoa oa bophelo
Ka sebaka se tsebahalang, ha se liphoofolo tsohle tse ikemiselitseng ho loanela sebaka sa bona sa marang-rang: e le molao, li lula hammoho le liphoofolo tse ling ka khutso. Mosebetsi oa mantsiboea o tloahelehile bakeng sa hermit mongooses, mme ts'ebetso ea mots'eare ke ea ba khethang ho phela ka lihlopha (meerkats, strip mongooses and dwarf mongooses). Mefuta ena e cheka ea eona kapa e lula masoba a batho ba bang, ho hang e sa hlajoe ke lihlong ke boteng ba beng ba eona, ka mohlala, li-squirrel tsa fatše.
Li-mongooses tse mosesane / tse metsero li rata ho lula liolong tsa khale tsa bohloa, li siea masea le batho ba baholo ba 1-2 moo ha ba bang bona ba fumana lijo. Sechaba sa lelapa hangata se na le li-mongooses tse 5-40, tse phathahaneng (ntle le ho fepa) ho kopanya boea le lipapali tse lerata ka ho etsisa lintoa le ho lelekisa.
Ha ho chesa, liphoofolo li felloa ke matla tlas'a letsatsi haufi le mekoti, li tšepile hore 'mala oa tsona o ka ipata, o li thusang ho kopana le ponahalo ea naha. Leha ho le joalo, ho lula ho na le molebeli sehlopheng, ea shebileng sebaka le ho lemosa ka kotsi ka mohoo, kamora moo mongooses a balehela ho ipata.
Mongoose e phela halelele hakae
Mongoose, ea hlahetseng metseng e meholo, a na le monyetla oa ho phela nako e telele ho feta a le mong. Sena se bakoa ke boikarabello ba sehlopha - bana kamora lefu la batsoali ba bona ba holisoa ke litho tse ling tsa sehlopha.
Hoa thahasellisa! Mongooses ba ithutile ho loanela maphelo a bona ba le bang: ho tlola noha, ba ja "mangusvile", motso oa moriana o thusang ho sebetsana ka katleho le litlamorao tsa mahloko a noha.
Nako e tloaelehileng ea bophelo ba mongoose ka tlhaho e ka ba lilemo tse 8, mme e batla e le bolelele habeli botlamuoeng (ka serapeng sa liphoofolo kapa lapeng).
Habitat, habitat ea mongoose
Mongoose e lula haholo-holo libakeng tsa Afrika le Asia, 'me mefuta e meng, ka mohlala, mongoose ea Baegepeta e ka fumanoa eseng Asia feela, empa le karolong e ka boroa ea Europe. Hape, mofuta ona o hlahisoa kontinenteng ea Amerika.
Mongoose libaka tsa bolulo:
- morung o mongobo;
- lithaba tse nang le lifate;
- savanna;
- lipalesa tsa lipalesa;
- mahoatata le mahoatata;
- mabopo a leoatle;
- libakeng tsa litoropo.
Metseng e meholo, mongoose hangata e fetola likhoere-khoere, liforo, likoti tsa majoe, likoti, likutu tse bolileng, libaka tse kopaneng bakeng sa bolulo. Mefuta e meng e lula pela metsi, e phela mabopong a matamo le mekhoabong, hammoho le linoka tsa linoka (water mongoose). Boholo ba tse jang diphoofolo ke tsa lefatshe, mme ke tse pedi feela (di-taila-tailed and African slender mongooses) tse ratang ho phela le ho fepa difateng.
Li-mongoose "lifolete" li ka fumanoa libakeng tse makatsang ka ho fetesisa, ho kenyeletsoa le ka tlasa lefatše, moo ba ahang likotopo tse ka tlas'a lefatše tse nang le makala... Mefuta ea bo-hloma-u-hlomole e fetola matlo ka matsatsi a mang le a mang a mabeli.
Lijo, seo mongoose e se jang
Hoo e ka bang litlhapi tsohle tsa mongoose li batla lijo ka botsona, li kopana ha feela li tšoere lintho tse kholo. Sena se etsoa, ka mohlala, ke li-mongooses tse nyane. Li omnivorous ebile ha li na maikutlo: li ja hoo e ka bang ntho e ngoe le e ngoe e oelang leihlong. Boholo ba lijo bo na le likokoanyana, tse nyane - liphoofolo tse nyane le limela, 'me ka linako tse ling li bola.
Lijo tsa mongoose:
- litoeba tse nyane;
- liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nyane;
- linonyana tse nyane;
- lihahabi le amphibians;
- mahe a linonyana le lihahabi;
- likokoanyana;
- limela tse kenyelletsang litholoana, li-tubers, makhasi le metso.
Mongooses e jang makhala haholo-holo e its'etleha ka li-crustaceans, tse sa tloheloe ke li-mongoose tsa metsi.... Ba morao ba batla lijo (li-crustaceans, crabs le amphibian) ka melatsoaneng, ba hula phofu ho tsoa silt ka manala a bohale. Mongoose ea metsi ha e qobe mahe a likoena le litlhapi tse nyane. Di-mongoose tse ding hape di sebedisa dinala tsa tsona bakeng sa dijo, di tabola makgasi / mobu o bulehileng le tsona mme di ntsha diphoofolo, ho kenyeletswa le dikgo, bo-maleshoane le diboko.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Bakeng sa mongoose, tsena ke linonyana tse jang nama, linoha le liphoofolo tse kholo joalo ka mangau, mafura, liphokojoe, makhoba le tse ling. Nako le nako, malinyane a kena ka meno a libatana, a se nang nako ea ho ipata ka mokoting ka nako.
Motho e moholo oa mongoose o leka ho baleha ho sera, empa, a khanneloa ka hukung, o bontša semelo - a koba mokokotlo oa hae ka mokokotlo, a khopisa boea ba hae, a phahamisa mohatla oa hae ka mokhoa o tšosang, ho bobola le ho bohola, ho loma le ho chesa mokelikeli o nkhang hampe o tsoang litulong tsa ka morao.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Karolo ena ea bophelo ba li-mongooses e le 'ngoe ha e so ithute ka ho lekana: hoa tsebahala hore mosali o tlisa masea a sefofu ho tloha ho a mabeli ho isa ho a mararo a hlobotseng ka ho felletseng, a ba tsoalla lefarung kapa mosima. Madinyane a hola kamora dibeke tse 2, mme pele ho moo a itshetleha ka mme, eo, leha ho le joalo, a hlokomelang bana ka botlalo.
Bohlokoa! Boitšoaro ba ho ikatisa ba li-mongooses tsa sechaba bo ithutiloe ka ho qaqileng - hoo e batlang e le mefuta eohle, bokhachane bo nka likhoeli tse ka bang 2, ntle le li-mongoose tsa India (matsatsi a 42) le li-mongooses tse tšesaane (matsatsi a 105).
Ha e hlaha, phoofolo e boima bo sa feteng 20 g, mme ho bana ka bomong ho na le 2-3, hangata bana ba 6. Manamane a basali bohle a bolokoa hammoho 'me a ka feptjoa ke' m'ae feela, empa le ke mang kapa mang.
Sebopeho sa kahisano le boits'oaro ba thobalano ba li-mongooses tse nyane, bao sechaba sa bona se tloaelehileng se nang le liphoofolo tsa 10-12 (ka seoelo 20-40), tse amanang ka mohala oa bo-mme, li nang le thahasello e kholo. Sehlopha se joalo se tsamaisoa ke banyalani ba le bang, moo karolo ea mookameli e eang ho mosali e moholo, le motlatsi ho molekane oa hae.
Ke banyalani bana feela ba lumelloang ho hlahisa bana: basali ba ka sehloohong ba hatella maikutlo a nonneng a batho ba bang... Banna ba bang kaofela ba sehlopha, ba sa batleng ho mamella boemo bo joalo, hangata ba ea lehlakore, ho lihlopha moo ba ka bang le bana ba bona.
Ha masea a hlaha, ba batona ba nka karolo ea bo-mme, ha basali ba tloha ho ea batla lijo. Banna ba hlokomela masea mme, ha ho hlokahala, ba ba hule, ba ts'oara nape ea molala ka meno a bona, ho ba isa libakeng tse bolokehileng. Ha masea a hola, a fuoa lijo tse tiileng, 'me hamorao ba ea le' ona ho ea a ruta ho fumana lijo tse loketseng. Ho emoloa ha li-mongooses tse nyane ho etsahala hoo e ka bang selemo se le seng.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Linaha tse ngata li thibetse ho kena ha mongoose kantle ho naha, kaha e nonne haholo, e ngatafala ka potlako mme e ba koluoa ea 'nete ho lihoai, e sa felise litoeba tse ngata joalo ka likhoho.
Hoa thahasellisa! Kahoo, qalong ea lekholo la lilemo pele ho ho qetela, li-mongoose li ile tsa tsebisoa Lihlekehlekeng tsa Hawaii ho loants'a litoeba le likhoto tse jang lijalo tsa 'moba. Ka lebaka leo, liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo li ile tsa qala ho sokela liphoofolo tsa lehae.
Ka lehlakoreng le leng, li-mongooses ka botsona (haholo-holo, tse ling tsa mefuta ea tsona) li behiloe lintšing tsa tšenyo ka lebaka la mesebetsi ea motho ea sehang meru, ea hlahisang libaka tse ncha tsa temo le ho senya libaka tse tloaelehileng tsa li-mongoose. Ho feta moo, liphoofolo li senyeha ka lebaka la mehatla ea tsona e lihlahla, hape li tsongoa le lintja.
Tsena tsohle li qobella mongooses ho falla ho ea batla lijo le libaka tse ncha tsa bolulo.... Matsatsing ana, ha ho na teka-tekano lipakeng tsa mefuta, tseo tse ling tsa tsona li atametseng (ka lebaka la liketso tse sa utloahaleng tsa batho) moeli oa ho timela, 'me tse ling li bile le koluoa e tšosang, li sokela ho ata ha liphoofolo tsa matsoalloa.
