Litlou (lat. Elerhantidae) ke lelapa la liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa mofuta oa Chordate le taelo ea Proboscis. Ho fihlela joale, liphoofolo tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tse anyesang tse isang bophelo ba lefats'e li abetsoe lelapa lena le lengata. Lelapa la Litlou le kenyelletsa mefuta e meraro ea litlou tsa sejoale-joale tse tsoang metseng e 'meli, hammoho le mefuta e mengata ea khale ea liphoofolo tse anyesang.
Boima ba litlou ka mefuta
Litlou tsa Afrika (Lokhodonta) li kenyelletsa litlou tsa lihlahla (Lohodonta afrisana), tlou ea morung (Lohodonta syslotis) le tlou ea Dwarf (Lohodonta crutzburgi). Litlou tsa mofuta oa India (Elerhas) li emeloa ke tlou ea India (Elerhas makhimus), tlou e nyane ea Cyprase (Elerhas cyrriotes) le tlou e nyane ea Sicilia (Elerhas fаlconeri). Hape e tsejoa ke tlou ea moru o otlolohileng (Palaelohodon antiquus) le mefuta e meng e mengata.
Boima ba tlou ea Afrika
Litlou tsa Afrika (Lohodonta) ke mofuta oa liphoofolo tse anyesang tse tsoang Afrika, tse leng ka tatellano ea li-proboscis. Ho ea ka bo-ramahlale, mofuta ona o emeloa ke mefuta e 'meli ea sejoale-joale: tlou ea morung (Lokhodonta afrisana) le tlou ea morung (Lohodonta cyclotis). Ho ea ka liphuputso tsa moraorao tsa DNA ea nyutlelie, mefuta ena e 'meli ea Maafrika e tsoang lelokong la Lohodonta e thehiloe lilemo tse ka bang limilione tse 1,9 le 7.1 tse fetileng, empa morao tjena li nkuoa e le li-subspecies (Lohodonta africana africana le L. africana cyclotis). Ho fihla hajoale, ho tsebahala ha mofuta oa boraro - tlou ea Afrika Bochabela - e ntse e le potso.
Boima bo boima ka ho fetisisa bo tšoaneloa ke litlou tsa Afrika.... Boima bo tloaelehileng ba monna e moholo ea holileng hantle e ka ba li-kilogram tse 7.0-7.5 tse likete, kapa lithane tse ka bang supa le halofo. Boima bo boholo ba phoofolo bo bakoa ke bophahamo ba tlou ea Afrika, e fetohang kahare ho limithara tse tharo ho isa ho tse nne ha e pona, 'me ka linako tse ling e phahame hanyane. Ka nako e ts'oanang, Litlou tsa Moru ke litho tse nyane ka ho fetisisa tsa lelapa: bophahamo ba motho e moholo ha se hangata bo fetang limithara tse 2,5, ka boima ba 2500 kg kapa 2.5 ton. Baemeli ba li-subspecies tsa litlou tsa morung, ka lehlakoreng le leng, ke liphoofolo tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Boima ba 'mele ba monna ea holileng ka thobalano e ka ba lithane tse 5.0-5.5 kapa ho feta, bophahamo ba phoofolo bohole ba limithara tse 2.5-3.5.
Hoa thahasellisa! Litlou tsa Maafrika tse teng hona joale tse halofo ea milione ke karolo ea bone ea baemeli ba li-subspecies tsa litlou tsa morung le likarolo tse ka bang tharo ho tse tharo tsa litlou tsa morung.
Ha ho na liphoofolo tse lefatšeng tse ka bang boima ba halofo ea boima ba 'mele ba tlou ea Afrika. Ehlile, mosali oa mofuta ona o batla a le nyane ka boholo le boima, empa ka linako tse ling ho thata ho mo khetholla ho e motona ea holileng ka thobalano. Bolelele ba bolelele ba tlou e tšehali e tšehali ea Afrika bo fapana ho tloha ho 5.4 ho isa ho 6.9 m, ka bolelele ba ho fihla ho limithara tse tharo. Mosali e moholo o boima ba lithane tse ka bang tharo.
Boima ba tlou ea India
Litlou tsa Asia, kapa litlou tsa Maindia (lat. Elerhas mahimus) ke liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa mofuta oa Proboscis. Hajoale, ke tsona feela mefuta ea sejoale-joale ea tlou ea Asia (Elerhas) le moemeli oa e 'ngoe ea mefuta e meraro ea sejoale-joale ea lelapa la tlou. Litlou tsa Asia ke liphoofolo tsa lefats'e tsa bobeli tse kholo ka ho fetisisa kamora litlou tsa savannah.
Litekanyo tsa tlou ea India kapa ea Asia li hlolla haholo. Qetellong ea bophelo ba tsona, tse tona tsa khale ka ho fetesisa li fihla boima ba 'mele oa lithane tse 5.4-5.5, ka bolelele bo bolelele ba limithara tse 2.5-3.5. E tšehali ea mofuta ona e nyane haholo ho feta e tona, kahoo boima ba phoofolo e joalo e seng e le kholo ke lithane tse 2.7-2.8 feela. Har'a baemeli ba banyane ka ho fetesisa ba odara ea Proboscis le mefuta ea litlou tsa India ka boholo le boima ke li-subspecies tse tsoang sebakeng se ka thoko sa Kalimantan. Boima ba karolelano ea phoofolo e joalo ka seoelo bo fetang lithane tse 1,9-2.0.
Boholo bo boholo le boima ba 'mele bo hlollang ba litlou tsa Asia bo bakoa ke mekhoa ea phepo ea phoofolo e anyesang joalo.... Mefuta eohle e mene ea sejoale-joale ea litlou tsa Asia, ho kenyeletsoa tlou ea India (E. m. Indisus), Sri Lankan kapa Ceylon tlou (E. mахimus), hammoho le tlou ea Sumatran (E. sumatrensis) le tlou ea Bornean (E. borneensis), e ja e kholo bongata ba sejo. Litlou tse joalo li qeta lihora tse ka bang mashome a mabeli ka letsatsi li batla le ho ja mefuta eohle ea lijo tsa semela. Ka nako e ts'oanang, motho e moholo o ja li-kilograms tse 150-300 tsa lijalo tse jang limela, lehlaka le limela tse ling ka letsatsi.
Palo ea lijo tse jeoang letsatsi le letsatsi ke hoo e ka bang 6-8% ea boima ba 'mele ba phoofolo e anyesang. Ka lipalo tse nyane litlou li ja makhapetla, metso le makhasi a limela, hammoho le litholoana le lipalesa. Joang bo bolelele, makhasi le letlobo li khuoa ke litlou ka kutu e tenyetsehang. Ho chekoa joang bo bokhutšoaane haholo ka ho raha ho matla. Makhapetla a makala a maholohali a phumoloa ka molars, ha lekala ka bolona le ts'oeroe ke kutu ka nako ena. Litlou li ithaopela ho senya lijalo tsa temo, ho kenyelletsa le masimo a raese, ho lema libanana kapa 'moba. Ke kahoo litlou tsa Maindia li khetholloang e le likokoanyana tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa temo ka boholo.
Hoa thahasellisa! Palo ea batho ba litlou tsa Asia e se e le butle empa e se e le haufi le maemo a bohlokoa, 'me kajeno ho na le batho ba ka bang likete tse mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano ba mofuta ona oa lilemo tse fapaneng polaneteng ea rona.
Bo-rasaense le litsebi tse ling ba lumela hore litlou tsa Asia li tsoa ho li-stegodon, tse hlalositsoeng ke lehae le tšoanang. Li-stegodon ke tsa mofuta o seng o timetse oa liphoofolo tse anyesang, 'me phapang e kholo ke sebopeho sa meno, hammoho le boteng ba masapo a matla, empa a le masesane. Litlou tsa sejoale-joale tsa India li khetha ho lula merung e bobebe ea tropike le e mongobo e nang le moru o teteaneng, o emeloang ke lihlahla haholo-holo lehlaka.
Boima ba tlou ea lesea nakong ea tsoalo
Litlou li khetholloa ka nako e telele ka ho fetisisa ea bokhachane ho phoofolo efe kapa efe eo hona joale e tsejoang. Nako eohle ea eona ke likhoeli tse 18-21.5, empa lesea le fihla kholo e felletseng ka khoeli ea leshome le metso e robong, kamora moo le hola butle butle, le hola ka boima le ka boholo. Tlou e tšehali hangata e tlisa lesea le le leng, empa ka linako tse ling litlou tse 'maloa li hlaha hang. Boima ba 'mele ba lesea le sa tsoa tsoaloa ke 90-100 kg ka bolelele ba lehetla la mithara e le' ngoe.
Namane ea tlou e sa tsoa tsoaloa e na le manaka a bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 4 ho isa ho tse 5. Meno a fetotsoeng a oela litlou li le lilemo li peli, molemong oa ho tlosa meno a lebese le a batho ba baholo. Litlou tsa masea li ema ka maoto lihora tse 'maloa ka mor'a hore li hlahe, ka mor'a moo li qala ho anya lebese la matsoele le nang le phepo e ntle. Ka thuso ea kutu, e tšehali e "fafatsa" lerōle le lefats'e ho bacha, e leng se etsang hore ho be bonolo ho omisa letlalo le ho pata monko o monate oa liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo. Matsatsi a 'maloa ka mor'a ho hlaha, malinyane a se a ntse a khona ho latela mohlape oa' ona. Ha e tsamaea, lesea la tlou le tšoaroa ke kutu ea lona ka mohatla oa ngoan’abo lona kapa ’m’a lona e moholo.
Bohlokoa! Ke lilemong tse tšeletseng kapa tse supileng feela moo bacha ba qalang ho ikarola butle-butle lelapeng, mme ho lelekoa hoa ho qetela ha liphoofolo tse holileng tsebong ho etsahala selemong sa leshome le metso e 'meli sa phoofolo e anyesang.
Ke basali bohle ba anyesang mohlapeng o le mong ba fepang litlou. Nako ea ho fepa lebese e nka selemo le halofo kapa tse peli, empa litlou li qala ho ja mefuta eohle ea limela ho tloha lilemong tsa likhoeli tse tšeletseng kapa likhoeli tse supileng. Litlou li boetse li ja mantle a bomme, a thusang lesea le ntseng le hola ho kena limeleng tse sa lekanyetsoang le libaktheria tsa 'mele tse hlokahalang bakeng sa ho monya selulose. Tlhokomelo ea bakhachane bakeng sa bana e ntse e tsoela pele ka lilemo tse 'maloa.
Ba nang le lirekoto tsa boima ba 'mele
Kamohelo ea semmuso ea machabeng e sa tsoa fumanoa ke e 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng tsa Safari Park e tummeng, e meeling ea toropo ea Romat Gan. Tlou ke moholo ho serapa sena 'me e tsejoa e le tlou e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng..
Hoa thahasellisa! Ho latela Science and Life, masapo a tlou e kholohali ea Archidiskodon meridionalis Nesti e neng e phela polaneteng ea rona lilemong tse ka bang milione le halofo tse fetileng a pholohile ka 80%, mme litsebi hajoale li ntse li leka ho khutlisa ponahalo ea phoofolo ena ea nalane ea pele ho Guinness Book of Records.
Setsebi se memetsoeng ke basebeletsi ba serapa sa safari se atlehile ho etsa litekanyo tse hlokolosi tsa tlou Yossi. Liphetho li ne li khahla haholo - boima ba seanyeseli e ne e ka ba lithane tse tšeletseng ka keketseho ea limithara tse 3.7 Mohatla oa moemeli oa sehlopha sa Proboscis ke mitha e le 'ngoe,' me bolelele ba kutu ke limithara tse 2,5. Bolelele ba litsebe tsa Yossi ke lisenthimithara tse 120, 'me manaka a eona a tsoela pele ka halofo ea mithara.
Tlou ea mahaeng ea Afrika, e ileng ea thunngoa ka 1974 ho la Angola, ea e-ba mohlokomeli oa lirekoto tsa mefuta eohle ea litlou. Monna e motona enoa ea seng a le moholo o ne a le boima ba lithane tse 12.24. Kahoo, seanyesi se seholohali se ile sa fihla maqepheng a Guinness Book of Records feela ka mor'a lefu la sona.
Lintlha tsa boima ba tlou
Lintlha tse khahlisang le tse sa lebelloang tse amanang le boima ba tlou:
- Kutu, e amanang le sistimi ea ho hema, ke setho sa mesebetsi e mengata mme e lumella phoofolo ho bokella tlhaiso-leseling e bonolo, ho ts'oara lintho, hape e nka karolo ho fepeng, ho fofonela, ho hema le ho theha melumo. Bolelele ba nko, bo kopantsoeng le molomo o kaholimo, ke 1.5-2 m mme le ho feta hanyane;
- mpa e bonolo ea tlou e tšehali ea Asia e na le matla a etsang dilitara tse 76.6 'me e ka ba boima ba lik'hilograma tse 17-35, ha litlou tsa Afrika tsona boholo ba mpa e le lilithara tse 60 ka boima ba lik'hilograma tse 36-45;
- Sebete sa litlou tse mahlakore a mararo kapa tse mahlakore a mabeli le sona se khahla ka boholo le boima. Boima ba sebete ho mosali ke 36-45 kg, mme ho monna e moholo - e ka bang 59-68 kg;
- boima ba manyeme a tlou e seng e le kholo ke 1.9-2.0 kg, athe ha ho na data e tšepahalang ho mafu afe kapa afe a bakang tšitiso efe kapa efe ts'ebetsong ea setho sena;
- karolelano ea boima ba pelo ea tlou ke hoo e ka bang 0.5% ea boima bohle ba phoofolo e anyesang - e ka bang 12-21 kg;
- Litlou li na le boko bo boholo ka ho fetisisa ka boholo le boima har'a liphoofolo tsohle tse anyesang tse tsejoang polaneteng ea rona, 'me boima ba eona bo boholo bo fapana ho ea ho 3.6-6.5 kg.
Leha e le boholo bo boholohali le lits'oants'o tsa boima ba 'mele, esita le litlou tse seng li holile li khona ho matha ka lebelo, hape li khona ho tsamaisa ka bohale le ka potlako, ka lebaka la sebopeho sa phoofolo ena e anyesang e ikhethang bakeng sa boima ba' mele.
