Boholo ba mehloli ea metsi lefatšeng e silafetse. Leha polanete ea rona e koahetsoe ke metsi a 70%, ha se kaofela e loketseng tšebeliso ea batho. Khoebo e potlakileng, ts'ebeliso e mpe ea mehloli ea metsi e haellang le lintlha tse ling tse ngata li bapala karolo ea ts'ilafalo ea metsi. Selemo se seng le se seng, litšila tse ka bang limilione tse likete tse 400 li etsoa lefatšeng ka bophara. Boholo ba litšila tsena li tšeloa ka metsing. Ho metsi kaofela a lefatšeng, ke 3% feela ea metsi a hloekileng. Haeba metsi ana a hloekileng a lula a silafetse, qaka ea metsi e tla ba bothata bo boholo haufinyane. Ka hona, hoa hlokahala ho hlokomela mehloli ea rona ea metsi hantle. Lintlha tsa tšilafalo ea metsi lefats'eng tse hlahisitsoeng sengoloeng sena li lokela ho thusa ho utloisisa botebo ba bothata bona.
Lintlha le lipalo tsa ts'ilafalo ea metsi lefatšeng
Tšilafalo ea metsi ke bothata bo amang hoo e ka bang naha e 'ngoe le e' ngoe lefatšeng. Ho hloleha ho nka mehato e nepahetseng ho laola ts'oso ena ho tla ba kotsi nakong e tlang e haufi. Lintlha tse amanang le ts'ilafalo ea metsi li hlahisoa ho sebelisoa lintlha tse latelang.
Lintlha tse 12 tse khahlisang ka metsi
Linoka tsa kontinenteng ea Asia ke tsona tse silafetseng ka ho fetisisa. Likahare tsa loto linokeng tsena li phahame makhetlo a 20 ho feta matamong a linaha tse tsoetseng pele tsa lik'honthinente tse ling. Libaktheria tse fumanoang linōkeng tsena (tse tsoang litšileng tsa batho) li feta makhetlo a mararo ka karolelano lefatšeng.
Kua Ireland, menontsha ea lik'hemik'hale le metsi a litšila ke tsona litšila tse ka sehloohong tsa metsi. Hoo e ka bang 30% ea linoka naheng ena li silafetse.
Tšilafalo ea metsi a ka tlas'a lefatše ke bothata bo tebileng Bangladesh. Arsenic ke e 'ngoe ea litšila tse ka sehloohong tse amang boleng ba metsi naheng ena. Hoo e ka bang 85% ea sebaka sohle sa Bangladesh se silafalitsoe ke metsi a ka tlase ho lefatše. Sena se bolela hore baahi ba fetang limilione tse 1.2 ba naha ena ba pepesehetse litlamorao tse mpe tsa metsi a silafalitsoeng ke arsenic.
Morena oa Noka ea Australia, Murray, ke e 'ngoe ea linoka tse silafetseng ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Ka lebaka leo, liphoofolo tse anyesang tse fapaneng tse 100,000, linonyana tse ka bang milione e le 'ngoe le libopuoa tse ling li ile tsa shoa ka lebaka la ho pepesehela metsing a nang le asiti e teng noka ena.
Boemo bo Amerika mabapi le ts'ilafalo ea metsi ha bo fapane haholo le lefatše lohle. Hoa hlokomeleha hore linoka tse ka bang 40% tsa United States li silafetse. Ka lebaka lena, metsi a tsoang linokeng tsena a ke ke a sebelisetsoa ho nooa, ho hlapa kapa ho etsa ntho efe kapa efe e tšoanang. Linoka tsena ha li khone ho tšehetsa bophelo ba metsing. Liphesente tse mashome a mane a metso e tšeletseng tsa matša a United States ha a tšoanelehe bakeng sa bophelo ba metsing.
Lintho tse silafatsang metsi a tsoang indastering ea kaho li kenyelletsa: samente, gypsum, tšepe, li-abrasives, jj. Lisebelisoa tsena li kotsi haholo ho feta litšila tsa tlhaho.
Tšilafalo ea metsi a futhumetseng e bakoang ke phallo ea metsi a chesang a tsoang limela tsa indasteri ea eketseha. Ho phahama ha mocheso oa metsi ho sokela tikoloho. Baahi ba bangata ba metsing ba lahleheloa ke bophelo ka lebaka la tšilafalo e futhumetseng.
Meetse a bakoang ke pula ke e 'ngoe ea lisosa tse kholo tsa ts'ilafalo ea metsi. Lisebelisoa tsa litšila tse kang lioli, lik'hemik'hale tse tsoang likoloi, lik'hemik'hale tsa lapeng, jj ke litšila tse kholo tse tsoang libakeng tsa litoropo. Liminerale le manyolo a manyolo le masalla a chefo e bolaeang likokonyana ke tsona litšila tse ka sehloohong.
Ho qhalana ha oli maoatleng ke a mang a mathata a lefats'e a ikarabellang bakeng sa ts'ilafalo e kholo ea metsi. Litlhapi tse likete le lintho tse ling tse phelang metsing li bolaoa ke ho qhalana ha oli selemo se seng le se seng. Ntle le oli, maoatle a boetse a fumanoa ka bongata ba litšila tse sa senyeheng, joalo ka mefuta eohle ea lihlahisoa tsa polasetiki. Lintlha tsa tšilafalo ea metsi lefatšeng li bua ka bothata bo tlang ba lefats'e mme sengoloa sena se lokela ho thusa ho fumana kutloisiso e tebileng ea sena.
Ho na le ts'ebetso ea ho khaoloa ha metsi, moo metsi a matamo a senyehileng haholo. Ka lebaka la eutrophication, kholo e feteletseng ea phytoplankton e qala. Boemo ba oksijene ka metsing bo fokotsehile haholo mme ka hona bophelo ba litlhapi le libopuoa tse ling tse phelang ka metsing bo kotsing.
Taolo ea tšilafalo ea metsi
Ho bohlokoa ho utloisisa hore metsi ao re a silafatsang a ka re senya kamora nako e telele. Hang ha lik'hemik'hale tse chefo li kenella ka har'a ketane ea lijo, batho ha ba na boikhethelo haese ho phela le ho li tsamaisa tsamaisong ea 'mele. Ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea menontsha ea lik'hemik'hale ke e 'ngoe ea litsela tse molemohali tsa ho tlosa litšila metsing. Ho seng joalo, lik'hemik'hale tsena tse hlatsoitsoeng li tla silafatsa litopo tsa metsi ka ho sa feleng lefatšeng. Ho etsoa boiteko ba ho sebetsana le bothata ba tšilafalo ea metsi. Leha ho le joalo, bothata bona bo ke ke ba rarolloa ka botlalo hobane ho tlameha ho nkuoa mehato e sebetsang ho bo felisa. Ka lebaka la lebelo leo re senyang tikoloho le tikoloho ea lona, ho ba bohlokoa ho latela melaoana e thata ho fokotsa tšilafalo ea metsi. Matša le linōka lefatšeng li ntse li silafala le ho feta. Mona ke lintlha tsa ts'ilafalo ea metsi lefats'eng mme ho bohlokoa ho tsepamisa mohopolo le ho hlophisa boiteko ba batho le mebuso ea linaha tsohle ho thusa ho fokotsa mathata.
Ho hlahloba lintlha bocha ka tšilafalo ea metsi
Metsi ke sesebelisoa sa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa sa lefats'e. Ha re tsoela pele ka sehlooho sa lintlha tsa tšilafalo ea metsi lefats'eng, re hlahisa tlhaiso-leseling e ncha eo bo-rasaense ba faneng ka eona maemong a bothata bona. Haeba re ela hloko phepelo eohle ea metsi, ha ho na ho feta 1% ea metsi a hloekileng le a loketseng ho nooa. Ts'ebeliso ea metsi a silafetseng e lebisa lefung la batho ba limilione tse 3.4 selemo se seng le se seng, mme palo ena e eketsehile feela ho tloha ka nako eo. Ho qoba qetello ena, u se ke ua noa metsi kae kapa kae, esita le ho feta ho tsoa linokeng le matšeng. Haeba o sa khone ho reka metsi a libotlolo, sebelisa mekhoa ea tlhoekiso ea metsi. Bonyane sena sea pheha, empa ho molemo ho sebelisa lihlatso tse khethehileng tsa ho hloekisa.
Bothata bo bong ke ho fumaneha ha metsi a nooang. Kahoo libakeng tse ngata tsa Afrika le Asia, ho thata haholo ho fumana mehloli ea metsi a hloekileng. Khafetsa, baahi ba likarolo tsena tsa lefats'e ba tsamaea lik'hilomithara tse 'maloa ka letsatsi ho ea fumana metsi. Ka tlhaho, libakeng tsena, batho ba bang ba shoa eseng feela ka ho noa metsi a litšila, empa le ka lebaka la ho tsoa metsi.
Ha re nahana ka lintlha tse mabapi le metsi, ho bohlokoa ho hatisa hore metsi a fetang lilithara tse likete tse 3,5 a lahleha letsatsi le leng le le leng, a phatlohang le ho fetoha mouoane ho tsoa mabopong a linoka.
Ho rarolla bothata ba tšilafalo le khaello ea metsi a nooang lefatšeng, ho hlokahala ho hohela tlhokomelo ea sechaba le tlhokomelo ea mekhatlo e khonang ho e rarolla. Haeba mebuso ea linaha tsohle e etsa matsapa 'me e hlophisa ts'ebeliso e utloahalang ea lisebelisoa tsa metsi, boemo ba linaha tse ngata bo tla ntlafala haholo. Leha ho le joalo, rea lebala hore tsohle li ipapisitse le rona. Haeba batho ba boloka metsi ka bobona, re ka tsoelapele ho natefeloa ke molemo ona. Mohlala, naheng ea Peru ho ne ho kentsoe boto ea phatlalatso eo ho eona ho ngotsoeng tlhahisoleseling mabapi le bothata ba metsi a hloekileng. Sena se hohela tlhokomelo ea baahi ba naha mme se eketsa tlhokomeliso ea bona ka taba ena.
