"Phoofolo ea tonanahali ea leoatleng" - ena ke phetolelo ea lentsoe la Segerike κῆτος (leruarua), le sebelisitsoeng ho li-cetacean tsohle, ntle le li-porpoise le li-dolphin. Empa, ha a araba potso "leruarua le boima bo bokae", motho a ke ke a etsa ntle le li-dolphin. Lelapa lena le na le phoofolo ea tonanahali e boima ho feta maruarua a mangata - leruarua le bolaeang.
Boima ba leruarua ka mefuta
Maruarua ka nepo a na le sehlooho sa liphoofolo tse boima ka ho fetesisa lefatšeng le metsing... Taelo ea cetacean e na le li-suborder tse 3, e 'ngoe ea tsona (maruarua a khale) e se e nyametse lefatšeng. Lits'oants'o tse ling tse peli ke maruarua a meno a maoto le a baleen, a khetholloang ke sebopeho sa lisebelisoa tsa molomo le mofuta oa lijo o amanang haufi le ona. Molomo oa maruarua a meno a hlatsoitsoe, kaha hoa utloahala ho nahana, ka meno, a ba lumellang ho tsoma litlhapi tse kholo le squid.
Ka karolelano, maruarua a meno a meno a tlase ka boholo ho baemeli ba baleen suborder, empa har'a liphoofolo tse jang nama ho na le boima bo boima ba boima:
- sperm whale - ho fihlela ho lithane tse 70;
- floater leboea - lithane tse 11-15;
- narwhal - basali ho fihlela ho lithane tse 0,9, banna ba bonyane lithane tse 2-3 (moo karolo ea boraro ea boima e leng mafura);
- Leruarua le lesoeu (beluga whale) - lithane tse 2;
- Whale sperm whale - ho tloha ho lithane tse 0,3 ho isa ho 0,4.
Bohlokoa! Porpoises e eme ka thoko: leha e kenyelelitsoe molaong o ka tlase oa maruarua a meno, ka sehlopha se thata ha se a maruarua, empa ke a li-cetacean. Likolobe li boima ba lik'hilograma tse ka bang 120.
Joale ha re shebeng li-dolphin, tseo li-pedantic ketologists le tsona li hanang tokelo ea ho bitsoa maruarua a 'nete, li li lumella ho bitsoa li-cetacean sehlopheng sa maruarua a meno (!).
Lethathamo la li-dolphin ka ho eketsa boima:
- Dolphin ea La Plata - ho tloha ho 20 ho isa ho 61 kg;
- dolphin e tloaelehileng - 60-75 kg;
- Ganges dolphin - ho tloha ho 70 ho isa ho 90 kg;
- dolphin e tšoeu ea noka - ho tloha ho 98 ho isa ho 207 kg;
- dolphin e nang le botlolo (bottlenose dolphin) - 150-300 kg;
- dolphin e ntšo (grinda) - lithane tse 0,8 (ka linako tse ling ho fihlela lithane tse 3);
- Killer whale - ho fihlela ho lithane tse 10 kapa ho feta.
Ka mokhoa o makatsang ho utloahala, empa liphoofolo tse boima ka ho fetesisa ke tsa subward of whale ba baleen, bao lithahasello tsa bona tsa gastronomic (ka lebaka la ho haella ha meno) li lekantsoeng ho plankton. Tsamaiso ena e tlase e kenyelletsa ea tšoereng rekoto e phethahetseng bakeng sa boima ba liphoofolo lefatšeng - leruarua le leputsoa, le khonang ho fumana lithane tse 150 kapa ho feta.
Ho feta moo, lenane (ka ho theoha ha boima ba 'mele) le shebahala tjena:
- Leruarua leruarua - ho tloha lithane tse 75 ho ea ho tse 100;
- leruarua le ka boroa - lithane tse 80;
- leruarua la ho qetela - lithane tse 40-70;
- Leruarua la humpback - ho tloha ho lithane tse 30 ho isa ho tse 40;
- Leruarua le leputsoa kapa la California - lithane tse 15-35;
- seival - lithane tse 30;
- Minke ea Monyaluoa - ho tloha ho lithane tse 16 ho isa ho tse 25;
- Leruarua la minke - ho tloha ho lithane tse 6 ho isa ho tse 9.
Leruarua le lenyane le nkoa e le le lenyane le lenyane ka nako e ts'oanang, 'me le hula lithane tse fetang 3,5,5 ho batho ba baholo.
Boima ba leruarua le leputsoa
Bluval e feta ka boima eseng feela mehleng ea kajeno, empa hape e kile ea phela lefatšeng la liphoofolo... Li-zoologists li fumane hore le li-dinosaurs tse ntle ka ho fetisisa (Brachiosaurus), tse boima ba makhetlo a mabeli ho feta, li hloloa ke leruarua le leputsoa. Re ka re'ng ka tlou ea sejoale-joale, tlou ea Afrika: ke litlou tse mashome a mararo feela tse khonang ho lekanya sekala, ka lehlakoreng le leng leo ho tla ba le leruarua le leputsoa.
Seqhenqha sena se hola ho fihla ho 26-33.5 m ka boima ba lithane tse 150, e ka bang boima ba batho ba likete tse 2,4. Ha ho makatse hore letsatsi le leng le le leng mahlatsa a tlameha ho monya lithane tse 1-3 tsa plankton (boholo ba li-crustaceans tse nyane), a feta lithane tse makholo tsa metsi a leoatle ka har'a li-filters tsa eona tse ntle tsa litelu.
Boima ba leruarua
Minke e tloaelehileng, kapa leruarua la herring, e bitsoa mong ka eona ea haufi haholo oa mahlatsa le phoofolo ea bobeli e kholo lefatšeng.
Hoa thahasellisa! Maruarua a felletseng le maruarua a maputsoa a haufi hoo a atisang ho nyalana, 'me a hlahisa bana ba phetseng hantle.
Maruarua a batho ba baholo a lulang Karolong e ka Leboea ea Lefatše a ka fihla ho limithara tse 18 ho isa ho 24, empa a fetoa ke maruarua a macha a lulang Karolong e ka Boroa ea Lefatše 'me a hola ho fihla ho limithara tse 20 ho isa ho tse 27. Tsehali (ho fapana le mefuta e mengata ea leruarua) li kholo ho feta tse tona 'me li boima ba lithane tse 40-70.
Boima ba leruarua la peō ea botona
Seqhenqha sena se ne se feta maruarua a mang kaofela a meno, ha tse tona tsa mofuta ona li le kholo ho feta tse tšehali habeli ho feta tse tšehali 'me li boima ba lithane tse 40 ka bolelele ba limithara tse 18 ho isa ho tse 20. Bolelele ba tse tšehali ha se hangata bo fetang limithara tse 11-13 ka boima ba lithane tse 15 ka karolelano. Sperm whale ke e 'ngoe ea li-cetacean tse' maloa tse nang le ts'oaetso ea thobalano. Tse tšehali ha li na boholo bo itekanetseng feela, empa li fapane le tsa banna linthong tse ling tsa morphological, ho kenyeletsoa sebopeho sa hlooho / boholo, palo ea meno le mmele.
Bohlokoa! Li-sphale whale li hola ho fihlela qetellong ea bophelo - ha lilemo li hlompheha le ho feta, leruarua le leholo. Ho na le menyenyetsi ea hore hona joale maruarua a boima ba lithane tse 70 a ntse a sesa ka leoatleng, mme le pele ho moo ho ne ho khonahala ho kopana le leruarua le boima ba lithane tse 100.
Khahlanong le semelo sa li-cetacean tse ling tse kholo, sphale whale ha e hlahe ka boima ba 'mele feela, empa hape le lintlha tse ikhethileng tsa anatomiki, mohlala, hlooho e kholo e likhutlo li' ne e nang le mokotla oa peo. Ke spongy, lisele tse nang le likhoele tse kaholimo ho mohlahare o kaholimo le ho emisoa ka mafura a itseng a tsejoang ka hore ke spermaceti. Boima ba mokotla o joalo oa peo ea botona ke lithane tse 6 mme ka linako tse ling li 11.
Boima ba leruarua la Humpback
Leruarua, kapa hlomo e telele e hlometseng, e fuoa karoloana e ka tlase ea maruarua a baleen mme e nkuoa e le phoofolo e kholo haholo... Maruarua a batho ba baholo ka linako tse ling a hola ho fihla ho 17-18 m: ka karolelano, e tona ke ka seoelo e fetang limithara tse 13,5, 'me tse tšehali li feta limithara tse 14.5. maruarua (ha a bapisoa le boholo ba 'mele). Ho feta moo, har'a li-cetacean, leruarua le humpback le lula la bobeli (kamora leruarua le leputsoa) ho latela botenya bo felletseng ba mafura a ka tlasa letlalo.
Boima ba leruarua
Leruarua le bolaeang ke e 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse tsebahalang haholo tsa lelapa la dolphin le karoloana e ka tlase ea maruarua a meno. E fapana le dolphin e setseng ka 'mala oa eona o mebala e' meli (o motsho le o mosoeu) le 'mele o e-s'o ka o e-ba teng - ho fihlela lithane tse 8-10 ka kholo ea limithara tse 10. Tlhokahalo ea fepa ka letsatsi e fapana ho tloha ho 50 ho isa ho 150 kg.
Boima ba leruarua le lesoeu
Leruarua lena le nang le meno le tsoa lelapeng la narwhal le reheletsoe ka letlalo, le soeufala hang hang feela ha phoofolo e khona ho ikatisa. Bokhoni ha bo hlahe pejana ho lilemo tse 3-5, 'me pele ho lilemo tsena' mala oa li-whale oa beluga oa fetoha: maruarua a sa tsoa tsoaloa a 'mala o moputsoa o moputsoa le o moputsoa, kamora selemo - ka boputsoa bo boputsoa kapa bohlooho. Li-whale tse tšehali tse tšehali li nyane ho feta tse tona, hangata li fihla bolelele ba limithara tse 6 le boima ba lithane tse 2.
Boima ba manamane nakong ea tsoalo
Ha e hlaha, lesea la leruarua le leputsoa le boima ba lithane tse 2-3 ka bolelele ba 'mele ba limithara tse 6-9. Letsatsi le leng le le leng, ka lebaka la mafura a ikhethang a lebese la mme (40-50%), o boima ba 50 kg, o noa lilithara tse fetang 90 tsa sehlahisoa sena sa bohlokoa ka letsatsi. Lelinyane ha le tsoe letsoeleng la 'm'e ka likhoeli tse 7, le fumana lithane tse 23 ka lilemo tsena.
Bohlokoa! Nakong ea phetoho ea phepo e ikemetseng, leruarua le lenyane le hola ho fihla ho 16 m, mme ha le le lilemo li le leng le halofo, "lesea" la limithara tse 20 le boima ba lithane tse 45-50. O tla atamela boima le bophahamo ba batho ba baholo eseng pejana ho lilemo tse 4,5, ha a tla khona ho hlahisa bana.
Lesea le leputsoa le lenyane ke lona feela le senyane ka ho fetisisa le sa tsoa tsoaloa, leo boima ba lona e leng lithane tse 1.8 le bolelele ba limithara tse 6.5 ha le hlaha. E tšehali e mo fepa lebese ka likhoeli tse tšeletseng, ho fihlela ngoana a mena bophahamo ba eona habeli.
Ba nang le lirekoto tsa boima ba 'mele
Litlotla tsohle sehlopheng sena li ile ho maruarua a maputsoa, empa ho tloha ha linatla li ts'oeroe halofo ea pele ea lekholo le fetileng la lilemo, ha ho na bonnete ba 100% ho ts'epahalo ha litekanyo.
Ho na le bopaki ba hore ka 1947 leruarua le leputsoa le boima ba lithane tse 190 le ile la tšoasoa pela Georgia Boroa (sehlekehleke se Atlantic Boroa). Li-whalers li ile tsa tšoaroa, ho ipapisitsoe le lipale tsa bona tsa molomo, le mohlala o hulang lithane tse fetang 181.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ho fihlela joale, 'nete ka ho fetisisa ke bopaki ba ho ts'oaroa ka 1926 pela Lihlekehleke tsa South Shetland (Atlantic) ea mosali ea hlatsoitsoeng oa limithara tse 33, eo boima ba eona bo neng bo le haufi le lithane tse 176.8.
Leha ho le joalo, maleme a khopo a re ha ho motho ea neng a lekanya 'mampoli enoa, empa boima ba bona bo ne bo baloa ka leihlo. Ka lekhetlo le leng, lehlohonolo le ile la bososela ho bahlaseli ba Soviet, ba ileng ba bolaea leruarua le leputsoa la limithara tse 30, le boima ba lithane tse 135, haufi le Lihlekehleke tsa Aleutian ka 1964.
Lintlha tsa Boima ba Whale
Ho netefalitsoe hore boko bo boholo ka ho fetesisa polaneteng (ka mantsoe a felletseng, hape e seng a amanang le boholo ba 'mele) bo ithorisa ka leruarua la semela, leo "taba ea lona e putsoa" e ka bang 7.8 kg.
Ha ba se ba bolaile leruarua la limithara tse 16, bo-rasaense ba fumane hore na litho tsa eona tsa ka hare li boima hakae:
- sebete - ka tlase ho lithane tse 1;
- tshilong ya dijo 0,8 sa t (ka bolelele ba 256 limithara);
- liphio - 0,4 t;
- bobebe - 376 kg;
- pelo - lik'hilograma tse 160.
Hoa thahasellisa! Leleme la leruarua le leputsoa (le botenya ba limithara tse 3) le boima ba lithane tse 3 - ho feta tlou ea Afrika. Ho fihlela ho batho ba mashome a mahlano ka nako e le 'ngoe ba ka ema holim'a leleme.
Hape hoa tsebahala hore leruarua le leputsoa le khona ho lapa (ha ho hlokahala) ho fihlela likhoeli tse 8, empa ha le fihla sebakeng se nang le plankton e ngata, e qala ho ja ntle ho tšitiso, e monya lithane tse 3 tsa lijo ka letsatsi. Mpa ea mahlatsa hangata e tloha lithane tse 1 ho isa ho tse 2 tsa lijo.
Litho tsa ka hare tsa maruarua a maputsoa le tsona li ile tsa lekanngoa mme tsa fumana lintlha tse latelang:
- kakaretso ea bophahamo ba modumo ea mali - lithane tse 10 (ka mothapo oa mothapo o bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 40);
- sebete - lithane tse 1;
- pelo - lithane tse 0,6-0.7;
- sebaka sa molomo - 24 m2 (folete e nyane ea kamore e le 'ngoe).
Ntle le moo, litsebi tsa ketolo li fumane hore maruarua a ka boroa a na le litho tsa botona le botšehali tse khahlang ka ho fetesisa liphoofolong tse ling tsa lefats'e, tseo testicles tsa tsona li leng boima ba halofo ea thane (1% ea boima ba 'mele). Ho ea ka mehloli e meng, boima ba lisosa tsa maruarua a ka boroa bo fihla ho tonne e le 'ngoe (2% ea boima), bolelele ba botona ke limithara tse 4, mme tokollo e le' ngoe ea semela e feta lilithara tse 4.
