Ho lumeloa hore lebitso la generic "hawks" le entsoe ka metso e 'meli ea Proto-Slavic - "str" (lebelo) le "rebъ" (variegated / pockmarked). Kahoo lebitso la nonyana ena le ne le bontša mokhoa oa motley oa masiba a sefubeng le bokhoni ba ho ts'oasa phofu kapele.
Tlhaloso ea phakoe
Li-hawk tsa 'nete (Accipiter) ke mofuta oa linonyana tse jang nama tsa lelapa la li-hawk (Accipitridae). Ha li kholo haholo bakeng sa liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo motšehare - esita le moemeli e moholo ka ho fetisisa oa genus, goshawk, ha e fete bolelele ba 0,7 m ka boima ba 1.5 kg. Mofuta o mong o tloaelehileng, sparrowhawk, o hola feela ho fihla ho 0.3-0.4 m mme o boima ba 0,4 kg.
Ponahalo
Ponahalo, joalo ka sebopeho sa phakoe, e khethoa ke sebaka le mokhoa oa bophelo.... Sebata se na le mahlo a matle, makhetlo a 8 ho feta acuity ho batho. Boko ba hawk bo amohela setšoantšo se binocular (volumetric) ka lebaka la tlhophiso e ikhethang ea mahlo - eseng ka mahlakoreng a hlooho, empa ho batla ho le haufi le molomo.
Mahlo a dinonyana tse hodileng a na le mmala o mosehla / o mosehla o mmala wa lamunu, ka nako tse ding o na le moriti o mokgubedu kapa o mofubedu bo bofubedu (tyvik). Mefuta e meng, iris e khanya hanyane ka lilemo. Hawk e hlometse ka molomo o matla o hoketsoeng o nang le tšobotsi - ho ba sieo ha leino kaholimo ho molomo.
Hoa thahasellisa! Hawk e utloa hantle, empa e khetholla monko eseng haholo ka linko tsa eona joalo ka ... ka molomo oa eona. Haeba nonyana e fuoa nama e tsofetseng, e kanna ea e ts'oara ka molomo, empa e tla e lahla.
Maoto a ka tlase hangata a na le masiba, empa ha ho na masiba menoaneng le tareng. Maoto a khetholloa ka mesifa e matla. Mapheo a batla a le makhuts'oane ebile a le lerootho; mohatla (o sephara ebile o molelele) hangata o chitsoe kapa o otlolohile. 'Mala oa holimo ka mefuta e mengata o lefifi ho feta tlase: ke lithane tse boputsoa kapa tse sootho. Bokantle bo khanyang ba karolo e ka tlase (bosoeu bo bosehla kapa bo bobebe) bo lula bo hlapollotsoe ka maqhubu a sefapano / a bolelele.
Botho le mokhoa oa bophelo
Hawk e lula morung o teteaneng 'me e haha sehlaha sefateng se selelele e le hore e hlahlobe libaka tsa eona tsa ho tsoma tse ka bang 100-150 km². Setsomi sena sa meru se tsamaisa meqhaka e teteaneng ka boqhetseke, se shebile holimo / holimo, se emisa ka tšohanyetso le ho hlasela hampe, hape se etsa litlhaselo tse sa lebelloang ho bahlaseluoa. Nonyana ena e thusoa ke boholo ba mmele o mosesane le sebopeho sa mapheo.
Phakoe, ho fapana le ntsu, ha e fofa leholimong, e batlana le libopuoa nako e telele, empa ka tšohanyetso e hlasela ntho efe kapa efe (e mathang, e emeng kapa e fofang), e shebile e laletse. E tšoara, sebata se e pepeta ka thata ka maoto a eona ebe e cheka ka manala a eona, e hlaba ebile e bipetsa ka nako e le 'ngoe. Phakoe e ja phofu ka botlalo, hammoho le moriri / masiba le masapo.
Haeba u utloa "ki-ki-ki" e moepa kapa "ki-i-i, ki-i-i" e huloang e tsoang morung, joale u utloile karolo ea lentsoe la phoka. Melumo e mengata ea melodi, e ts'oanang le molumo oa lekolilo, e etsoa ka ho bina liphakoe. Hang ka selemo (hangata kamora ho ikatisa), liphakoe, joalo ka linonyana tsohle tse jang nama, molt. Ka linako tse ling molt e lieha ka lilemo tse 'maloa.
Li-hawk li phela halelele hakae
Li-ornithologists li na le ts'epo ea hore naheng, liphakoe li ka phela ho fihlela lilemo tse 12-17... Merung ea Amerika Leboea, linonyana tsa linonyana tsa litonanahali li rata ho lula tlasa sehlaha sa liphakoe, li baleha lira tsa tsona tsa tlhaho, mekholutsoane le li-jay. Ho hloka tšabo joalo ho bonolo ho hlalosa - liphakoe li tsoma li-squirrel, empa ha li tsotelle ho hang ke hummingbird.
Kemiso, mefuta
Mofuta oa li-hawk o kenyelletsa mefuta e 47, eo mefuta e tsebahalang haholo e bitsoang Accepiter gentills, goshawk. Linonyana tsa Lefatše le ka Bochabela li fofa ho ea mariha Asia, Bophirimela - ho ea Mexico. Goshawk e tloaetse ho phela bophelo ba botsitso, empa e qoba ho lula merung e meholo. Ha e fofa, nonyana e bonts'a tsela ea wavy.
Accipiter nisus (sparrowhawk) e emeloa ke li-subspecies tse tšeletseng, tse tsoang Europe Bophirima le Afrika Leboea ka bochabela ho Leoatle la Pacific. Palo e phahameng ka ho fetisisa ea baahi Europe e tsejoa Russia le Scandinavia. Lihlaha, tse nang le makhasi le boriba bo bonolo, li hahiloe holim'a li-conifers, hangata ho li-spruces. Banyalani ba haha sehlaha se secha selemo se seng le se seng. Sparrowhawk ke setsomi se hloahloa se hlokang libaka tse fapaneng tse nang le linonyana tse nyane tse ngata.
Hoa thahasellisa! Caucasus / Crimea, ho tsoma likoekoe tsa hoetla le li-hawk tsa ho tsoma ho atile, tse ts'oaroang, tse thapisitsoeng le ho koetlisoa matsatsi a 'maloa. Hang ha nako ea ho tsoma e fetile, lirobele lia lokolloa.
Sparrowhawk e ka bonoa ka masiba a eona a matšo a bonahalang ka mela e tšoeu e parolang ka mpeng.
Habitat, habitats
Mofuta oa li-Accipiter (li-hawk tsa 'nete) o metse ka metso likhutlong tsohle tsa lefats'e, ntle le Arctic. Li fumaneha hoo e batlang e le ho pholletsa le Eurasia, ho tloha morung-tundra ka leboea ho isa ntlheng tse ka boroa tsa naha. Li-Hawks li ikamahantse le maemo a leholimo a Afrika le Australia, Amerika Leboea le Boroa, Philippines, Indonesia le Tasmania, hammoho le Ceylon, Madagascar le lihlekehleke tse ling.
Linonyana li lula masabasabaneng, merung ea tropike, merung e mehloa le e metenya, lithoteng le lithabeng... Ba khetha ho se hloelle bolibeng ba moru, ba khetha mabone a bulehileng, meru e mabopong a leoatle le meru. Mefuta e meng e ithutile ho phela le libakeng tse bulehileng. Li-Hawks tse tsoang libakeng tse futhumetseng ke balateli ba bolulo, 'me linonyana tse tsoang libakeng tse ka leboea li fofa ho ea linaheng tse ka boroa mariha.
Lijo tsa Hawk
Linonyana (tse mahareng le tse nyane) li na le lithahasello tse kholo ka ho fetisisa ho tsona, empa ha ho hlokahala, liphakoe li ja liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nyane, li-amphibia (lithole le lihoho) linoha, mekholutsoane, likokoanyana le litlhapi. Karolo e ka sehloohong ea menyu e entsoe ka linonyana tse nyane (haholo-holo ho tsoa ho ba fetang ka tsela):
- oatmeal, lirobele le lensisi;
- lithaha, lithaelese le lithaha;
- li-warblers, li-crossbill le ho qabana ha lehloa;
- likoloi, li-warblers le li-dippers;
- li-kinglets, litsuonyana le li-redstarts;
- linonyana tse ntšo, batšoasi ba lifofane le litsibi.
Mekholutsoane e meholo e tsoma linonyana tse ngata - li-pheasants, li-woodpeckers tse nang le mabala a maholo, li-hazel grouse, mekotla, makhoaba, lipapakhaee, maeba, li-waders, hammoho le malapeng (likhoho) le linonyana tsa metsing.
Bohlokoa! Lirobele tsa Japane li kenyelletsa bo-'mankhane lijong tsa tsona, ha lipina tse lefifi tsa Afrika li ja likhaka le li-mongooses tse nyane.
Ho tsoa ho li-hawk tse nang le mali a futhumetseng li khetha li-shrews, litoeba, li-squirrels, li-hares, likhoto, li-ermine le mebutlanyana. Har'a likokoanyana, li-dragonflies, marutle, cicadas, litsie le bo-maleshoane (ho kenyeletsoa litlou, bo-maleshoane le linaka tse telele) li khetholloa.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Hawk hangata e lula e ts'epahalla sebaka se le seng le molekane a le mong. Banyalani bana ba haha sehlaha likhoeli tse 1.5-2 pele ba nyalana, ba e hokela lekaleng le haufi le kutu eseng hole le holimo. Ha se bo-hawk kaofela ba sebelisang sehlaha sa khale - ba bang ba fetola matlo a bona selemo se seng le se seng, ba aha e ncha kapa ba hloella ho ba bang. E tshehadi e behela mahe a 3-4, e a alamela nako e ka etsang khoeli, ha e tona e ntse e jere lijo tsa eona.
O tsoela pele ho fula ka mora ho hlaha ha litsuonyana, empa ha ho mohla a li fepang. Ha a se a tšoere libopuoa tse phelang, phakoe e tsebisa kharebe ea hae, e fofelang ho ea mo khahlanyetsa, e nka setopo ebe e qala ho e hlaba, e e lokolla masiba / letlalo ebe ea e rusolla.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ke 'm'e feela ea fepang litsuonyana ka "lihlahisoa tse felileng". Haeba a shoa, malinyane le 'ona a shoa, empa ke tlala: ntate o tlisa le ho lahlela phofu ka sehlaheng, eo litsuonyana li sitoang ho sebetsana le eona.
Litsuonyana li fapana le batsoali ba tsona eseng ka boholo feela: ha morao, mahlo a bobebe ho feta bana. Ho litsuonyana, mahlo a masiba a mangata a shebahala joalo ka lifaha tse benyang tse ntšo, tse sebetsang joalo ka sesupo sa ho qala ho fepa. Hang ha tsuonyana e khora, o furalla 'm'ae - ha a sa bona mahlo a batsho a hlokang mme oa hlokomela hore lijo li felile.
Litsuonyana tsa Hawk ha li tlohele sehlaha sa tsona ka nako e fetang khoeli... Haeba bana ba hlahile qetellong ea Phuptjane, joale halofo ea bobeli ea Phato, liphakoe tse nyane li se li ntse li fofa. Kamora ho fofa sehlaheng, batsoali ba ntse ba ba hlokomela ka libeke tse ka bang 5-6. Bana ba fofa hole le lehae la bona la batsoali, ba fumana boipuso bo felletseng. Liphakoe tse nyane ha li emere ho fihlela li qeta selemo.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Lira tse ka sehloohong tsa phakwe ke motho le mesebetsi ea hae e sa thibeleng moruo. Linonyana tse fokolang le tse nyane li ka ts'oaroa ke liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo, tse kenyelletsang martens, liphokojoe le likatse tse hlaha. Moeeng, tšoso e tsoa linonyaneng tse jang tse kang ntsu, sephooko, buzzard le ntsu. Ha hoa lokela ho lebaloa hore hangata liphakoe tse nyane li oela ho beng ka tsona ba baholo.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Phakwe e sehlōhō ebile e lebelo e khona ho baka tšenyo e kholo libakeng tsa ho tsoma, ke ka lebaka leo e ileng ea felisoa ntle le ho ikoahlaea (ka tefo ea moputso) lefats'eng lohle.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ba emisitse ho bolaea li-hawk bohareng ba lekholo le fetileng la lilemo, ka mor'a ho fumana hore li boloka ts'ebeliso e ntle ea mefuta ea khoebo le ho senya litoeba tse kotsi.
Ka mohlala, naheng ea habo rona, ho fihlela 2013, Taelo ea 1964 "Ha ho ntlafatsoa taolo ea palo ea linonyana tse jang nama", e fanoeng ke Main Directorate of Hunting and Reserves, e ne e sebetsa. Tokomane e ne e thibela ka ho hlaka ho ts'oaroa le ho thunngoa ha linonyana tse jang nama, hammoho le ho senngoa ha lihlaha tsa bona.
Hona joale palo ea mefuta e atileng ka ho fetisisa, goshawk, e maemong a lipara tse 62-91 tse likete... Mofuta ona o kenyellelitsoe ho Sehlomathiso II sa Kopano ea Berne, CITES 1, hammoho le Sehlomathiso II sa Seboka sa Bonn, joalo ka ha se hloka ts'ireletso le khokahano maemong a machabeng.
