Maruarua (ka Segerike - "liphoofolo tsa litonanahali tsa leoatle") ke liphoofolo tse anyesang tse kholo tsa leoatleng. Boemo ba lebitso hajoale ha bo tsejoe ka botlalo, empa li-cetacean leha e le life, ntle le li-dolphin le li-porpoise, li khetholloa e le baemeli ba thabo.
Tlhaloso ea maruarua
Hammoho le liphoofolo tse anyesang, maruarua a sebelisa matšoafo bakeng sa ho hema, ke a sehlopha sa liphoofolo tse nang le mali a futhumetseng, a fepa bana ba 'ona ba sa tsoa tsoaloa ka lebese le hlahisoang ke litšoelesa tsa mammary, hape a na le mohala o fokolitsoeng oa moriri.
Ponahalo
Li-whale li khetholloa ka 'mele o bōpehileng joaloka sekontiri, se hopotsang sebopeho se batlang se tšoana le sa tlhapi efe kapa efe... Maphegwana, ka dinako tše dingwe a bitšwa maphegwana, a na le ponagalo ya go swana le lobe. Mohatla o tšoauoa ka boteng ba fin e emeloang ke li-lobes tse peli tse holimo. Sepheo se joalo se na le moelelo oa botsitso le mofuta oa "enjene", ka hona, ts'ebetsong ea metsamao e ts'oanang le leqhubu ka sefofaneng se otlolohileng, maruarua a fuoa motsamao o bonolo ho ea pele.
Hoa thahasellisa! Maruarua, hammoho le li-dolphin, ha ho hlokahale hore li nyolohele hangata haholo holim'a metsi e le hore li heme, kahoo ke halofo ea boko ba phoofolo e khonang ho phomola torong ka nako e itseng.
Ts'ireletso ea letlalo la leruarua ho tsoa liphellong tse mpe tsa mahlaseli a letsatsi e fanoa ke lisebelisoa tse fapaneng tsa ts'ireletso, tse fapaneng haholo lihlopheng tse fapaneng tsa liphoofolo tse anyesang tsa cetacean.
Ka mohlala, maruarua a maputsoa a khona ho eketsa likahare tsa letlalo letlalong, tse atlehang haholo ho monya mahlaseli a kotsi a mahlaseli a kotsi. Sperm whale li baka tšebetso e ikhethang ea "khatello ea maikutlo", e ts'oanang le karabelo ea litlamorao tsa li-radicals tsa oksijene, 'me maruarua a qetellang a khona ho sebelisa mekhoa e' meli ea ts'ireletso. Ka metsing a batang, maruarua a boloka mocheso oa 'mele o tsitsitse ka lebaka la lera le teteaneng haholo le le ts'oanang la mafura le fumanehang ka kotloloho tlasa letlalo la phoofolo e kholo joalo. Lera lena la mafura a ka tlasa letlalo le sebetsa e le tšireletso e sebetsang haholo le e felletseng ea litho tsa ka hare tsa leruarua ho hypothermia e matla.
Botho le mokhoa oa bophelo
Ho ea ka bo-ramahlale, maruarua ke a sehlopha sa liphoofolo tse tsamaeang haholo bophelong. Hoo e batlang e le baemeli bohle ba li-Cetaceans ba khona ho lula ka kotloloho tlasa metsi nako e telele ntle le ho nchafatsa moea matšoafong, empa palo e kholo ea liphoofolo tse anyesang joalo ha se hangata e sebelisang monyetla ona oa tlhaho, ka hona maruarua a atisa ho qoela feela ha kotsi e hlahang hanghang.
Ho tla boela ho be monate:
- Leruarua le boima bo bokae
- Leruarua le leputsoa kapa le putsoa
- Li-whale tse bolaeang
Leha ho le joalo, har'a maruarua ho na le batho ba sesa ba sebele, ba hantle haholo botebong ba leoatle.... Ka mohlala, mofuta o fapaneng ka ho fetesisa oa mofuta ona ke sphale whale. Leruarua lena le ka qoela habonolo ka metsing botebo ba limithara tse likete tse 'maloa,' me la lula sebakeng se ka tlasa metsi hora le halofo. Karolo ena e bakoa ke ho ba teng ha liphetoho tse 'maloa tseo leruarua le bileng le tsona, ho kenyelletsa le bokhoni bo eketsehileng ba matšoafo le hemoglobin e eketsehileng maling, hammoho le molumo o phahameng oa myoglobin ka har'a lisele tsa mesifa. Ho feta moo, setsi sa phefumoloho ea leruarua ha se na matla a lekaneng a ho lekanya carbon dioxide. Pele le qoela, leruarua le hema haholo, nakong eo haemoglobin ea mesifa e khothalelitsoeng ke oksijene mme matšoafo a tlala moea o hloekileng.
Hoa thahasellisa! Maruarua 'ohle ke a liphoofolo tse tsamaeang ka metsing tse ratang ho kopana ka lihlopha tsa mashome a' maloa kapa esita le makholo a batho.
Maruarua ke liphoofolo tse kholo, empa a na le khotso haholo. Mefuta e mengata ea cetacean e khetholloa ka ho falla ha linako tsa selemo. Ha boemo ba leholimo bo bata, lianyesi li fallela metsing a futhumetseng, 'me kamora nakoana lia khutla. Selemo se seng le se seng, liphoofolo tse joalo tsa metsing li latela tsela e le 'ngoe feela, ka hona, nakong ea ho falla, li khutlela libakeng tse seng li ntse li ahile le tse tloaelehileng. Mohlala, mohlape oa Asia oa maruarua a khetholloang ka ho fepa lehlabula leoatleng la Okhotsk, le ruileng furu haufi le Hloahloa ea Chukchi le Kamchatka. Ha serame se qala, maruarua a joalo a ea metsing a Leoatle le Lefubelu kapa haufi le mabopo a Japane a ka boroa.
Maruarua a phela halelele hakae
Mefuta e menyenyane ka ho fetisisa ea maruarua e phela hoo e ka bang kotara ea lekholo la lilemo, 'me karolelano ea tebello ea bophelo ea baemeli ba baholo ba li-Cetaceans e ka ba lilemo tse mashome a mahlano. Lilemo tsa leruarua li beoa ka litsela tse 'maloa: ho latela mofuta oa mae a bomme kapa lipoleiti tsa leruarua, hammoho le lipolaka tsa meno kapa meno.
Mefuta ea leruarua
Baemeli ba taelo ea Cetaceans ba emeloa ke li-suborder tse peli:
- Maruarua a Baleen (Mysticeti) - li khetholloa ka ho ba teng ha litelu, hammoho le sebopeho se ts'oanang le sefahleho se fumanehang mohlahareng o kaholimo oa phoofolo 'me se entsoe haholo ka keratin. Telu e sebelisetsoa ho sefa li-plankton tse fapaneng tsa metsing mme e lumella metsi a mangata ho tlhotliloeng ka sebopeho sa molomo o bopehileng joaloka khekhe. Maruarua a Baleen ke bona baemeli ba kholo ka ho fetesisa ba lihlopha tsohle tsa maruarua;
- Maruarua a meno (Odontoseti) - li khetholloa ka boteng ba meno, 'me likarolo tsa liphoofolo tse phelang metsing li li lumella ho tsoma squid le litlhapi tse kholo, e leng tsona mohloli o moholo oa lijo. Bokhoni bo ikhethang ba baemeli bohle ba sehlopha sena bo kenyelletsa bokhoni ba ho utloa likarolo tsa tikoloho, tse bitsoang thuto ea thuto. Li-porpoise le li-dolphin li boetse li khetholloa e le maruarua a meno.
Sehlopha sa leruarua le arotsoe ka malapa a mane: maruarua a nyane (Balayenorteridae), maruarua a maputswa (Eschrichtiidae), maruarua a boreleli (Balayenidae), le maruarua a mabe (Neobalaenidae). Malapa a joalo a kenyelletsa mefuta e leshome, ho kenyelletsa hlooho ea seqha, boroa, pygmy, grey, humpback, blue whale, fin whale le sei whale, le Bryde's minke le minke whale.
Maruarua a meno a kenyelletsa malapa:
- Li-dolphin tsa Ganges (Platanistidae Gray);
- Dolphin (Delphinidae Grey);
- Narwhal (Monоdоntidаe Grаy);
- Sperm whale (Physeteridae Grey);
- Inii (Iniidаe Grаy);
- Maruarua a pegmy a peō ea botona (Kogiidae Gill);
- Molomo (Zirhiidаe Grаy);
- Li-dolphin tsa Laplatan (Pontororiidae Gray);
- Porpoise (Рhocoenidae Grаy);
- Li-dolphin tsa Noka (Lirotidae Grey).
Taolo ea boraro ea taelo ea Cetaceans ke maruarua a khale (Archaeoseti), ao kajeno e leng sehlopha se felileng ka ho felletseng.
Habitat, habitats
Sperm whale, tse lulang metsing a Leoatle lohle la Lefatše, ntle le libaka tse batang ka ho fetisisa tse ka boroa le leboea, li khetholloa ke sebaka se seholo ka ho fetisisa sa kabo, 'me pygmy sperm whale le tsona li lula metsing a futhumetseng kapa a futhumetseng a Leoatle la Lefatše.
Maruarua a Baleen a atile maoatleng, ntle le leruarua le metsu le lulang metsing a Arctic, minke ea Bryde lebanteng le futhumetseng la Leoatle la Lefatše, le leruarua le lenyane le fumanehang metsing a batang le a futhumetseng a Lefatše le ka Boroa la Lefatše.
Lijo tsa leruarua
Mefuta ea phepelo ea mefuta e fapaneng ea "cetacean" e fapana ho ea ka libaka tsa eona, tikoloho le nako. Ho ipapisitse le khetho ea mantlha ea lijo, mefuta e fapaneng ea maruarua e lula libakeng tse ling tsa leoatle. Li-planktophages kapa li-whale tse nepahetseng li fepa haholo-holo metsing a leoatle le bulehileng, 'me li bokella li-zooplankton ka holim'a metsi, tse emeloang ke li-crustaceans tse nyane le li-pteropods. Li-benthophage kapa maruarua a maputsoa a fepa botebong bo tebileng, ha li-ichthyophages tse tsoang lelapeng la dolphin li khetha ho tšoasa litlhapi tse kenang sekolo.
Karolo ea bohlokoa ea maruarua a minke a tloaetse ho ja lijo tse tsoakaneng, tse emeloang ke li-crustaceans le litlhapi tse fapaneng, 'me li-theutophage, ho kenyeletsoa le maruarua a peo ea botona, li-dolphin tse molomo o mosootho le tse bohlooho, li khetha li-cephalopods feela.
Liphetoho tsa linako tsa selemo tsa ho fepa li ka baka ho fetoha ho hoholo ha parameter e joalo ka boemo ba boemo ba maruarua. Maruarua a fepehileng haholo ke qetellong ea phepo ea lehoetla, 'me liphoofolo tse anyesang ha li fepehe hantle nakong ea selemo le mariha. Nakong ea nako ea ho ikatisa, maruarua a mangata ha a fepe ho hang.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Mefuta eohle ea maruarua e tloaetse ho hlahisa bana ba eona feela ka metsing a futhumetseng ka ho lekana. Ke ka lebaka lena liphoofolo tse anyesang tse lulang libakeng tse batang 'me li tloaetse ho falla hole ho tsoala masea a tsona mariha, li siea libaka tse nang le mocheso o phahameng oa metsi.
Hoa thahasellisa! Maruarua a sa tsoa tsoaloa ha a maholo haholo feela, empa a boetse a thehiloe hantle, ka lebaka la tahlehelo ea masapo a noka ke liphoofolo tse joalo tsa metsing, tse behang lithibelo tse itseng ho boholo ba lesea le ka popelong.
Boimana ba mefuta e fapaneng ea maruarua bo nka likhoeli tse robong ho isa ho tse leshome le metso e tšeletseng, 'me litholoana tsa ho beleha ke tsoalo ea leruarua le le leng, le tsoaloang mohatla pele. Lesea le sa tsoa tsoaloa hang kamora ho hlaha le nyolohela kaholimo ho metsi, moo le hemang lekhetlo la pele. Litsiu li tloaela tikoloho e ncha kapele 'me li qala ho sesa hantle le ka boits'epo bo lekaneng. Qalong, malinyane a lula haufi le bo-mme ba ona, e seng feela e nolofalletsang motsamao oa bona, empa hape e etsa hore e bolokehe ka hohle kamoo ho ka khonehang.
Dikatsana di fepa hangata haholo mme di kgomarela nnya ya mme nakong e ka bang kotara ya hora.... Kamora ho anya letsoele, ka lebaka la khutsufatso ea mesifa e khethehileng, lebese le futhumetseng le kenella ka lehanong la lesea. Ho ipapisitse le litšobotsi tse khethollang li-subspecies kapa mefuta, li-cetacean tse fapaneng li hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng ea lebese, e fapaneng ho tloha ho 200-1200 ml ho li-dolphin le ho fihla ho lilithara tsa 180-200 ka leruarua le leholo le leputsoa.
Lebese le tsoang ho baemeli ba taelo ea li-cetacean le letenya haholo, le boreleli ka 'mala ebile le na le phepo e ntle makhetlo a ka bang leshome ho feta lebese la khomo ea setso. Ka lebaka la tsitsipano e phahameng ea metsi, lebese la leruarua ha le hasane ka metsing, 'me nako ea ho anyesa e ka nka likhoeli tse' ne ho isa selemong 'me ka linako tse ling e thulana le boimana bo latelang ba basali.
Maruarua a khetholloa ka tlhaho e tsoetseng pele haholo ea batsoali, ke ka lebaka leo liphoofolo tse khōlōhali tsa metsing li sa tloheng malinyane a tsona a le kotsing. Esita le haeba leruarua le leqhubu le tlaase le kena sebakeng se sa tebang sa metsi 'me le sa khone ho sesa le le leng,' mè oa hae o tla emela leqhubu leo ebe o isa lesea la hae sebakeng se sireletsehileng le se sireletsehileng ka ho fetisisa. Maruarua a batho ba baholo a khona ho potlakela ho potlakela ho thusa maruarua, 'me a leke ho hula malinyane a' ona ho tloha sekepeng. Ke boinehelo bona bo se nang meeli ba maruarua a batho ba baholo ba sebelisang maruarua hangata ha ba hohela batho ba baholo sekepeng.
Hoa thahasellisa! Maruarua a Beluga ke maruarua a koetlisoang a atisang ho hlaha li-dolphinariums le liserekising, ka hona manamane a mofuta ona a bohlokoa haholo.
Hoa tsebahala hore maruarua a khetholloa ka maikutlo a amang maikutlo ka mokhoa o makatsang eseng feela ho manamane a bona, empa le ho beng ka bona. Baemeli bohle ba sehlopha sa Cetaceans ha ho mohla ba tlohelang batho ba kulang kapa ba lemetseng mathateng, kahoo ba leka ho ba thusa maemong afe kapa afe.
Haeba leruarua le fokola haholo 'me le sitoa ho ikemela kaholimo ho hulela moea matšoafong, joale batho ba' maloa ba phetseng hantle ba lika-liketsa phoofolo e joalo ho e thusa ho hlaha, ka mor'a moo ba ts'ehetsa ka hloko phallo e amanang.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Mabaka a mantlha a ho shoa ha leruarua a kenyelletsa ho ts'oasa lihlapi ka mafolofolo... Leha ho le joalo, mafu a mang a matla a likokoana-hloko a tloaelehile ho li-cetaceans. Hangata li-Cetacea li ba le maemo a fokolisang a letlalo, ho kenyeletsoa liso, mafu a fungal le makhopho a kotsi. Hape, maruarua a angoa ke mafu a masapo le lihlahala tse matla tsa masapo kapa li-exostoses, kholo ea masapo kapa li-synostoses.
Phoofolo e anyesang e kholo e ka hlaseloa ke periostosis, ho kobeha mehlahare le maloetse a mang a meno, mafu a mesifa, lihlahala le matšoafo a matšoafo, pneumonia ea purulent, ho thatafala ha sebete, liso tsa ka mpeng le majoe a ureteral, mafu a tšoaetsanoang, ho kenyeletsoa erysipelas kapa erysipeloid.
Li-dolphin tse ngata eseng maruarua a maholo li shoa lintoeng tse matla le maruarua a bolaeang. Tšenyo e kholo ho baahi ka kakaretso e boetse e bakoa ke likokoana-hloko tse fapaneng, tse emeloang ke li-trematode, li-cestode le li-nematode. Li-Barnacles le seo ho thoeng ke linta tsa leruarua ke tse ling tsa li-ectoparasite tse atileng haholo maruarong.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Palo ea mefuta e meng ea leruarua e ntse e fokotseha butle ka lebaka la ho senyeha ho hoholo ha sebaka sa liphoofolo tse anyesang joalo. Mohlala, li-dolphin tsa Ganges ke liphoofolo tse nyane tse thathamisitsoeng ho International Red Book mme li na le boemo ba "Likokoana-hloko tse Kotsing", 'me palo ea baahi ba maruarua a maputsoa a Pacific e na le liphoofolo tse makholo a' maloa, tseo ho tsona ho nang le batho ba mashome a mabeli feela ba batšehali. Letsatsi la Lefatše la Leruarua - la 19 Hlakola. E ne e le ka letsatsi lena la Hlakola ka 1986 moo maruarua afe kapa afe a khoebo a neng a thibetsoe ka botlalo.
Kajeno, ho tsoma mofuta o mong le o mong oa maruarua o kotsing ea ho fela.... Leruarua le leputsoa, leruarua le leputsoa, maruarua le maruarua ke liphofu tsa pheliso e sa nahaneleng le e sehlōhō ea liphoofolo tse anyesang molemong oa ho fumana mafura.
Naheng ea Russia, sehlopha sa Red Book se kenyelletsa leruarua le bolaeang, lehlakore le lesoeu la Atlantic, lifahleho tse sefahleho se tšoeu le tse putsoa, hammoho le dolphin ea `` Black Sea '' e bitsoang bottlenose dolphin, porpoise, narwhals, highbrow highbrow, maruarua a melomo, bohlooho, bohlooho, Japane, moluoane, maruarua a ka leboea a maruarua le maruarua. Ka bomalimabe, esita le ho kenyelletsoa ha liphoofolo tse joalo maqepheng a Red Book ha se tiiso e felletseng ea ts'ireletso ea tsona kapa poloko ea tsona phelisong.
Maruarua le monna
Ke khale batho ba tsoma maruarua ka sepheo sa ho fumana mafura le masapo, hammoho le lesapo la leruarua la bohlokoa haholo. Mafura a leruarua le lard li sebelisoa ka mafolofolo ho etsa majarine, glycerin le sesepa, mme masapo le litelu tsa maruarua li fumane ts'ebeliso ea tsona ho hlahiseng mefuta eohle ea mabenyane le lits'oants'o tsa mantlha, hammoho le corsets le lijana.
Nama ea leruarua e sebelisoa ha ho lokisoa lijana tse ling, ho kenyeletsoa lisoseje le lisoseje tse nyane, li-cutlets le likhahla, le nama e nang le jelie. Nako le nako, nama ea leruarua e monate le e phetseng hantle e sebelisoa lijong tsa makotikoting.
Bohlokoa! Kajeno, linaha tse 'maloa li thibetse ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa leruarua ka matla, ho kenyelletsa ts'ebeliso ea tsona feela bakeng sa lipatlisiso le litlhoko tsa matsoalloa a mang.
