Likopanong tsa mehleng ea khale tsa Majapane, moahi enoa oa bolibeng ba leoatle o ile a fetisoa e le moferefere, a filoe tsebo ea sechaba se tloaelehileng. Ha ho makatse hore lona lebitso "dugong" (duyung) le fetoletsoe ho tsoa ho Semalay e le "moroetsana oa leoatle".
Tlhaloso ea dugong
Dugong dugon ke ea taelo ea lits'oants'o, ka hore kajeno ke eona feela moemeli oa mofuta oa dugong. Ntle le moo, ho boleloa hore dugong ke eona feela phoofolo e anyesang e jang metsi a leoatle feela. Ke phoofolo e kholo, e hola ho fihla ho 2,5-4 m le boima ba lik'hilograma tse 600... Hape ho na le lipapiso tse ling tse emelang: bolelele ba e tona e ts'oeroeng Leoatleng le Lefubelu e ne e le haufi le limithara tse 6. Tse tona, ka lebaka la ts'oaetso ea thobalano e tsoetseng pele, li kholo ho feta tse tšehali.
Ponahalo
Dugong, leha e le boholo bo tsotehang, e na le ponahalo e ntle ka sebopeho se khutsitseng le mahlo a manyane a chitja. Ha e shebiloe boemong, dugong e bonahala e bososela. Hlooho e lutseng e phallela hantle 'meleng o bōpehileng joaloka sekontiri, qetellong ea eona ho na le sephetho se sephara sa caudal, se ts'oanang le mohatla oa li-cetacean. Ho fapana le mohatla oa manatee, notch e tebileng e arola li-lobes tsa dugong mohatla.
Ka lebaka la boreleli ba 'mala o akaretsang, ha ho utloisisehe ka botlalo hore na hlooho e nyane e fella kae mme molala o mokgutshwane o qala kae. Dugong ha e na litsebe, 'me mahlo a eona a tebile haholo. Thipa ea molomo, e bonahalang e khaotsoe, e na le linko tse nang le li-valve tse khethehileng tse koalang metsi ha ho hlokahala. Linko ka botsona (ha li bapisoa le li-siren tse ling kaofela) li shebisitsoe holimo.
Sekhahla sa dugong se fela ka molomo o nang le linama o leketlile tlase, e kaholimo e etselitsoe ho khetha algae habonolo (e arotsoe bohareng 'me e na le li-vibrissa bristles tse thata). Ho batho ba bacha, bifurcation e tsebahala haholo. Ho feta moo, li na le meno a mangata (hangata 26) - li-incisors tse 2 le lipara tse 4 ho isa ho tse 7 tsa molars mehlahareng ka bobeli. Liphoofolong tse kholo, ho setse lipara tse 5-6 tsa molars.
Hoa thahasellisa! Li-incisors tse kaholimo tsa tse tona li qetella li fetohile manaka (a nang le likhahla tse bohale), tse hlahang marenene ka lisenthimithara tse 6-7. Ho basali, li-incisors tse holimo ha li phatlohe kapa ha li bonahale.
Lithako tsa mohlahare o kaholimo li ntse li hola ho pholletsa le bophelo ba dugong. Molomo o ka tlase le karolo e hole ea mahalapa li koahetsoe ke likaroloana tsa keratinized, 'me mohlahare o tlase o kobehile tlase. Ho iphetola ha mefuta ho lebisitse phetohong ea maoto a eona a ka pele hore e be mapheoana a kang a mapheo a foforehang (0.35-0.45 m) le tahlehelo e felletseng ea e tlase, e seng e hopotsa masapo a pelvic (a sa tloaelehang) kahare ho mesifa. Dugong e na le letlalo le thata, le teteaneng (2-2.5 cm) le koahetsoeng ke moriri o fokolang. Ha e ntse e hola, 'mala oa phoofolo o a fifala, o fumana melumo ea loto e sootho le e lerootho ka mpa e bobebe.
Botho le mokhoa oa bophelo
Lilemong tse limilione tse 50 tse fetileng, li-dugong (ho ahlola ka mesaletsa ea mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale) li ne li e-na le maoto le matsoho a mane a felletseng, a ba lumellang ho tsamaea habonolo mobung. Leha ho le joalo, liphoofolo li qetile boholo ba bophelo ba tsona li le leoatleng, empa ha nako e ntse e ea li ile tsa ikamahanya le bophelo ba ka tlasa metsi hoo li ileng tsa lahleheloa ke bokhoni ba tsona ba ho tsamaea mobung.
'Me joale mapheoana a bona a fokolang a ke ke a hlola a tšoara' mele o boima, halofo ea thane. Maphegwana a bolokile mošomo wa ona wa thwii - go thuma, ka di-dugong tše di godilego di rata go šomiša lephegwana la caudal, gomme baswa ba rata go šomiša bašomi.
Ke 'nete hore batho ba sesang ba dugong ha ba na tsebo ea tlhaho: ba lekola botebo ba leoatle ka lebelo le ka bang 10 km / h, ba potlakisa hoo e ka bang habeli (ho fihlela ho 18 km / h) feela nakong ea kotsi. Dugong e khona ho lula ka tlasa metsi nako e ka etsang kotara ea hora, mme ke nakong ea lijo feela e tlang holimo hangata, metsotso e meng le e meng e 2-3. Boholo ba letsatsi, li-dugong li batla lijo, li sa tsepamise maikutlo haholo lihoreng tsa motšehare, joalo ka ho chenchana ha maqhubu. Ba boloka, joalo ka molao, ba arohane, ba kopanya lihlopha moo ho nang le lijo tse ngata. Metse e joalo ea nakoana e ka ba batho ba 6 ho isa ho makholo a batho.
Hoa thahasellisa! Motho e moholo oa dugong o letsetsa mololi kotsi haholo, e nyane e etsa molumo o ts'oanang le oa ho lla. Liphoofolo ha li bone hantle, empa li utloa hantle. Ba mamella botlamuoa hampe ho feta manatees.
Li-dugong li tloaetse ho phela bophelo ba ho lula fatše, empa batho ka bomong ba ntse ba falla. Tsamaiso ea linako tsa selemo le ea letsatsi le letsatsi e bakoa ke ho fumaneha ha lijo, ho fetoha hoa boemo ba metsi le mocheso, hammoho le lintlha tse mpe tsa anthropogenic. Bolelele ba ho falla ho joalo, ho latela litsebi tsa baeloji, bo atametse lik'hilomithara tse makholo esita le tse likete.
Dugong e phela halelele hakae
Litsebi tsa liphoofolo li lumellane hore dugong e tloaelehileng (e nang le mabaka a matle a kantle) e khona ho phela bophelo bo tloaelehileng ba motho ho fihlela lilemo tse 70.
Habitat, habitats
Lilemong tse likete tse ngata tse fetileng, mefuta e mengata ea li-dugong e ile ea namela leboea, ea fihla bophirima ho kontinenteng ea Europe. Hona joale sebaka sena se patisane, empa leha ho le joalo, se ntse se koahela libaka tse 48 le mabopo a leoatle a ka bang likete tse 140.
Li-hulks tsena tse ntle tsa leoatle li ka fumanoa likhutlong tse joalo tsa lefats'e joalo ka:
- hoo e ka bang linaha tsohle tsa Asia Boroa-bochabela (ho kenyeletsoa libaka tse ka bophirima tsa Madagascar le India);
- metsi a lebopong ka bochabela ho k'honthinente ea Afrika;
- lebopong la halofo e ka leboea ea Australia;
- hara mafika a likorale a Koung ea Persia le Leoatleng le Lefubelu;
- Leoatleng la Arabia, Philippines le Strait of Johor.
Hoa thahasellisa! Kajeno, palo e kholo ea li-dugong (batho ba fetang likete tse 10) e tlalehiloe Great Barrier Reef le Torres Strait.
Palo e nepahetseng ea liphoofolo tse lulang Koung ea Persia ha e so tsejoe, empa, ho ea ka tlhaiso-leseling e ngoe, e lekana le lihlooho tse ka bang likete tse 7.5. Haufi le lebopo la Japane, mehlape ea li-dugong e nyane mme ha e na palo e fetang liphoofolo tse mashome a mahlano.
Li-dugong li lula mabopong a sa tebang le matangoaneng a nang le metsi a futhumetseng a lebopong, ka linako tse ling a kenella leoatleng le bulehileng, moo a sa oeleng ka tlase ho limithara tse 10 ho isa ho tse 20. Ho ekelletsa moo, liphoofolo tsena tse anyesang tsa leoatleng li fumanoa lilomong tsa linoka le linoka. Tikoloho ea liphoofolo e ipapisitse le boteng / boteng ba setsi sa lijo (haholo-holo bolele le joang).
Lijo tsa Dugong
Ho fihla ho 40 kg ea limela - ena ke palo ea lijo tse sebelisoang ke dugong ka letsatsi... Ho fepa, li sesa metsing a sa tebang, hangata ho ea mafikeng a likorale, moo botebo bo sa tebang, ebe li teba ho fihla ho limithara tse 1-5. Ho fula ka tlasa metsi ho nka boholo (ho fihlela 98%) ea ts'ebetso ea bona e matla: hangata e tsamaea tlase, e ts'epa mapheoana a eona a ka pele.
Lijo tse tloaelehileng tsa dugong li kenyelletsa:
- Limela tsa metsing (haholo-holo tse tsoang malapeng a 'mala oa metsi / pdestine);
- lehola la lewatle;
- likokoana-hloko tse nyenyane tsa benthic;
- li-crustaceans tse nyane, ho kenyeletsoa le makhala.
Bohlokoa! Ho fetohela lijong tsa protheine hoa qobelloa: li-dugong li tlameha ho ja liphoofolo ka lebaka la phokotso e bohloko ea phepelo ea tsona e tloaelehileng ea lijo. Ntle le lijo tse tlatsanang joalo, li-dugongs li ka be li sa ka tsa phela makaleng a mang a Leoatle la India.
Liphoofolo li lema tlase butle, li khaola limela ka molomo o kaholimo oa mesifa. Patlo ea metso e nang le lero e tsamaisana le ho phahamisa ho emisoa ha maru lehlabatheng le mobung o ka tlase. Ka tsela, ke ho tsoa mekorong ea motho eo motho a ka utloisisang hore dugong e bile le lijo tsa mots'eare haufinyane mona.
Ho tla boela ho be monate:
- Maruarua ke liphoofolo tsa litonanahali tsa leoatle
- Leruarua la Orca kapa dolphin?
- Shaka e tšoeu e kholo
O makhethe haholo, mme pele a kenya semela ka hanong, o se hlatsoa ka botlalo, a sebelisa leleme le thata le mahalapa ha a hlafuna lijo. Nako le nako, li-dugong li bokella bolele bo koetsoeng lebopong, li qala ho li ja feela kamora hore mobu o lule hantle.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Ho ikatisa ha Dugong ha ho utloisisoe hantle. Ho a tsebahala hore ho nyalana ho etsahala selemo ho pota, ho fihla sehlohlolong ka likhoeli tse fapaneng ho latela sebaka..
Tse tona li loanela tse tšehali, li sebelisa menoana a tsona, empa li tlosoa ho feta ho holiseng bana. Bokhachane bo nka nako e ka etsang selemo, bo qetella ka ponahalo ea ngoana a le mong, bonyane bana ba 2. Tse tšehali li tsoala ka metsing a sa tebang, moo li tsoalang namane e tsamaeang e boima ba lik'hilograma tse 20-35 le bolelele ba 1-1.2 m.
Hoa thahasellisa! Qalong, 'mè o nka ngoana, o mo haka ka mapheo. Ha a qoelisoa, o itšoarella ka tieo mokokotlong oa 'm'e, ebe o fepa lebese sebakeng se khelohileng.
Ha e le likhoeli li tharo, namane e qala ho ja joang, empa e ntse e tsoela pele ho noa lebese ho fihlela lilemo tse 1-1.5. Ha e ntse e hola, mohlape o monyane o kena mehlapeng ka metsing a sa tebang. Ho emola ho etsahala pejana ho lilemo tse 9-10.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Liphoofolo tse nyane li hlaseloa ke lishaka tse kholo, batho ba baholo - ke maruarua a bolaeang le likoena tse kopantsoeng. Empa tšokelo e mpe ka ho fetisisa ho li-dugong e tsoa bathong le mesebetsing ea bona.
Mabaka a mantlha a mabe:
- ho ts'oaroa ka phoso ka lisebelisoa;
- tšilafalo ea lik'hemik'hale, ho kenyelletsa le ho qhalana ha oli;
- kotsi ea likoloi tse tsamaeang ka ntle;
- tšilafalo ea acoustic (lerata);
- ho fetoha hoa maemo a leholimo (ho phahama hoa mocheso le liketsahalo tse fetelletseng);
- liphetoho tikolohong ka lebaka la thomello, maholiotsoana / litsunami, kaho ea mabopo a leoatle;
- ho nyamela ha joang ba leoatleng, ho kenyeletsoa ka lebaka la ts'ebetsong ea khoebo, metsi a litšila a chefo, ho hlasimolla le ho thella.
Li-dugong tse ngata li bolaoa ke litsomi, tse molaong le tse seng molaong. Phoofolo e boima ba 200-300 kg e fana ka mafura a ka bang 24-56 kg. Ntle le moo, li-dugong li "fa" batho nama (e tšoanang le tatso ea veal), letlalo / masapo (a sebelisetsoang li-trinkets) le litho tsa motho ka mong (tse sebelisoang kalafong e ngoe).
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Ts'ebetso e sa laoleheng ea ho tsoma le ho senya tikoloho ho lebisitse ho tahlehelo ea baahi maemong a mangata, 'me joale ho ts'oaroa ha liphoofolo ka matlooa ho thibetsoe.... U ka tsoma li-dugong ka li-harpoon tse tsoang likepeng. Thibelo hape ha e sebetse ho ts'oasa litlhapi tsa matsoalloa.
Dugong e nang le boemo ba "mefuta e tlokotsing" e kenyelelitsoe Bukeng e Khubelu ea Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Tlhokomelo ea Tlhaho. Ntle le moo, mofuta ona o kenyelelitsoe litokomaneng tse ling tse ngata tsa paballo joalo ka:
- Kopano ea Mefuta e Fallang ea Liphoofolo tse hlaha;
- Seboka sa Phapang ea Likokoana-hloko;
- Kopano ea Khoebo ea Machabeng ea Mefuta e Kotsing ea Liphoofolo le Limela Tse Kotsing
- Mohato oa Coral Triangle;
- Kopano ea Libaka tse Metsing.
Litlhokomelo tsa tikoloho li lumela hore li-dugong (ntle le ts'ebetso ea molao) li hloka mehato e sebetsang ea taolo e ka fokotsang phello ea anthropogenic ho mehlape ea bona.
Bohlokoa! Leha e le hore lipehelo tsa paballo li akaretsa linaha tse ngata, ho fihlela joale ke Australia feela e fanang ka ts'ebetsong e nepahetseng ea melao.
Litsebi tsa baeloji li bolela hore libakeng tse ling tse ngata tse sirelelitsoeng, ts'ireletso ea dugong e ngotsoe pampiring, empa ha e hlomphuoe bophelong ba 'nete.
