Nkoe (lat. Panthera tigris) ke phoofolo e anyesang e tsoang malapeng a likatse ka bongata, hape le moemeli ea tloaelehileng oa mofuta oa Panther (lat. Panthera) ho tsoa lelapeng le leholo la likatse tse kholo. E fetoletsoeng ho tsoa ho Segerike, lentsoe "Tiger" le bolela "Le bohale le lebelo".
Tlhaloso ea linkoe
Baemeli ba mofuta ona ba kenyelletsa liphoofolo tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tse jang liphoofolo tsa lelapa la Feline.... Hoo e batlang e le li-subspecies tsohle tsa linkoe tse tsejoang hajoale ke e 'ngoe ea tse kholo ka ho fetisisa ka boholo le libatana tse matla ka ho fetisisa tsa lefats'e, ka hona, ho ea ka boima, liphoofolo tse anyesang joalo ke tsa bobeli ho feta libere tse sootho le tse polar.
Ponahalo, 'mala
Nkoe ke eona e kholo ka ho fetisisa le e boima ho feta likatse tsohle tsa naha. Leha ho le joalo, li-subspecies tse fapaneng li fapana ka mokhoa o hlakileng ho tse ling eseng feela ponahalong ea tsona, empa hape le ka boholo le boima ba 'mele, mme baemeli ba naha ena ba mefuta ena ba kholo ho feta li-tiger tsa sehlekehlekeng. Tse kholo ka ho fetisisa kajeno ke li-subspecies tsa Amur le linkoe tsa Bengal, tseo banna ba tsona ba baholo ba fihlang bolelele ba limithara tse 2,5-2.9 le boima ba lik'hilograma tse 275-300 le ho feta.
Bolelele ba phoofolo e ponang ke cm 100-115. 'Mele o molelele oa phoofolo e jang nama o matla haholo, o mesifa ebile o khona ho fetoha habonolo,' me karolo ea eona e ka pele e ntlafalitsoe haholo ho feta mokokotlo le sacrum. Mohatla o molelele, o ikhohomosang ka tsela e ts'oanang, o lula o fella ka ntlha e ntsho 'me o khetholleha ka metopa e fetohang e etsang mofuta o tsoelang pele oa reng e e potileng. Maoto a ka pele a matla a phoofolo a na le menoana e mehlano, 'me menoana e mene e maotong a ka morao. Menwana yohle ya phoofolo e jwalo e na le dinala tse hulehang.
Hlooho e kholo e chitja e na le karolo e hlahelletseng ea sefahleho le sebaka se ka pele se sephara. Lehata le leholo haholo, le masapo a masapo a arohaneng haholo le masapo a nko a fetang masapo a maholo. Litsebe li batla li le nyane, li chitja. Ho na le litanka lehlakoreng la hlooho.
Li-vibrissae tse tšoeu, tse bosoasoana hangata li hlophisoa ka mela e mene kapa e mehlano, bolelele ba tsona bo fihla ho 165 mm ka botenya bo boholo ba 1.5 mm. Barutoana ba sebopeho se chitja, iris e mosehla. Linkoe tsohle tse seng li le kholo, hammoho le baemeli ba bang ba lelapa la likholumolumo, li na le meno a mabeli a holileng hantle le a matla, a bohale.
Hoa thahasellisa! Litsela tsa e tona li kholo ebile li telele ho feta tsa tse tšehali, 'me menoana e bohareng e hlahella hantle ka pele. Bolelele ba pina e tona ke 150-160 mm ka bophara ba 130-140 mm, ya botšehali ke 140-150 mm le bophara ba 110-130 mm.
Phoofolo e anyesang ea mofuta o ka boroa e khethollotsoe ka boea bo tlase ebile bo fokolang, boea bo tlase bo nang le letsoalo le letle. Linkoe tsa Leboea li na le boea bo bosootho bo bolelele. Mebala ea mantlha ea mantlha e ka fapana ho tloha ho 'mala o mofubelu o bofubelu ho isa ho o' mala o sootho o bosootho. Sebaka sa mpa le sefuba, hammoho le bokahare ba maoto, bo bobebe ka 'mala.
Ho na le matšoao a mabone a khethollang ka morao litsebeng. Ka kutu le molaleng ho na le metopa e fetohang e emeng, e lekanang hantle ka halofo ea morao. Ka thiba molomo ka tlas'a sebaka sa linko, sebakeng sa vibrissae, selelu le mohlahare o ka tlase, ho boleloa 'mala o mosoeu. Phatla, parietal le libaka tsa occipital li khetholloa ka boteng ba paterone e rarahaneng le e fapaneng e entsoeng ka metopa e mekhutšoanyane e metšo.
Ho bohlokoa ho hopola hore sebaka se lipakeng tsa metopa le sebopeho sa eona se fapana haholo hara baemeli ba mefuta e fapaneng, empa maemong a mangata metopa e fetang lekholo e koahela letlalo la phoofolo. Moetso o metsero le ona o teng letlalong la sebatana, kahoo haeba u kuta boea bohle, e tla khutlisoa ka botlalo ho latela mofuta oa pele oa mabala.
Botho le mokhoa oa bophelo
Nkoe, ho sa tsotelehe li-subspecies, ke moemeli ea tloaelehileng oa liphoofolo tsa tikoloho. Batho ba baholo ba phela bophelo ba boinotšing 'me ba na le libaka tsa bona tsa ho tsoma. Morero oa motho ka mong, boholo ba lik'hilomithara tse 20 ho isa ho tse 1002, e sirelelitsoe ka matla ke sebatana ho tsoa ho lits'oants'o tsa baemeli ba bang ba mofuta oo, empa sebaka sa e tona le e tšehali se ka kopana hantle.
Dinkwe ha di kgone ho lelekisa phofu ya tsona ka dihora tse mmalwa, ka hona, sebatana se jwalo se hlasela ka lehadima ho tloha sebakeng se kgethehileng, kamora hore phofu e tshwarwe. Liphoofolo tse anyesang tse thabisang tsa lelapa la Felidae li tsoma ka litsela tse peli tse fapaneng: ho nyenyelepa ka khutso ho motho ea hlokofalitsoeng kapa ho emela phofu ea eona sebakeng se khethiloeng pele. Ho feta moo, sebaka se phahameng lipakeng tsa setsomi le phofu ea sona e ka ba se tsotehang, empa se sa fete 120-150 m.
Hoa thahasellisa! Nakong ea ho tsoma, nkoe e kholo e na le bolelele ba ho fihla ho limithara tse hlano, 'me bolelele ba ho qhomela joalo bo ka fihla ho limithara tse ka bang leshome.
Ho se lebelloe ha tlhaselo hoo e batlang e sa fe bahlaseluoa ba sebata le monyetla o monyane oa ho phela, e leng ka lebaka la ho se khone ho fumana liphoofolo ka lebelo le lekaneng bakeng sa ho pholoha. Nkoe e kholo le e matla e khona ho ba haufi le phofu e tšohileng ka metsotsoana e seng mekae. Tse tona hangata li arolelana karolo ea phofu ea tsona, empa feela le tse tšehali.
Dinkwe di phela halelele hakae
Linkoe tsa Amur tse maemong a tlhaho li phela lilemo tse ka bang leshome le metso e mehlano, empa ha li bolokiloe botlamuoeng, nako ea tsona ea bophelo e batla e le teletsana, 'me ka karolelano ke lilemo tse mashome a mabeli. Nako ea bophelo ea nkoe ea Bengal botlamuoeng e ka fihla kotara ea lekholo la lilemo, le naheng - lilemo tse leshome le metso e mehlano feela. Li-tiger tsa Indo-Chinese, Sumatran le China li ka phela lilemo tse leshome le metso e robeli... Sebete se selelele sa 'nete har'a likoe se nkuoa e le nkoe ea Semalay, eo tebello ea bophelo ba eona maemong a tlhaho, a tlhaho e leng kotara ea lekholo la lilemo, mme ha e bolokoa botlamuoeng - e telele ho feta lilemo tse' ne ho isa ho tse hlano.
Mefuta ea linkoe
Ho na le li-subspecies tse robong feela tsa mofuta oa Tiger, empa qalong ea lekholo la ho qetela la lilemo, ke tse tšeletseng feela tsa tsona tse atlehileng ho phela lefatšeng.
- Nkoe ea Amur (Panthera tigris altaiisa), e tsejoang hape e le Ussuri, Leboea la China, Manchurian kapa nkoe ea Siberia - e lulang haholo tikolohong ea Amur, sebakeng sa Lebatooa le Ikemetseng la Bajode, ho Primorsky le Khabarovsk Territories. Li-subspecies tse kholo ka ho fetisisa, tse khetholloang ka boea bo teteaneng le bo foforehang, bo bolelele bo bolelele, bo nang le semelo se bofubelu bo lerootho mme e se metopa e mengata haholo;
- Nkoe ea Bengal (Panthera tigris tigris) - ke li-subspecies tse khethiloeng tsa nkoe tse lulang Pakistan, India le Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar le Bhutan. Baemeli ba li-subspecies tsena ba lula mefuteng eohle ea li-biotopes, ho kenyeletsoa meru ea pula, masabasaba a omileng le lifate tsa mangrove. Boima ba 'mele ba monna bo ka fapana ho isa ho 205-228 kg, le bakeng sa mosali - e seng ho feta 140-150 kg. Nkoe ea Bengal, e lulang karolong e ka leboea ea India le Nepal, e kholo ho feta batho ba lulang libakeng tse nyane tsa kontinenteng ea India;
- Nkoe ea Indochinese (Panthera tigris sorbetti) Ke li-subspecies tse lulang Cambodia le Myanmar, hape li lula China boroa le Laos, Thailand, Malaysia le Vietnam. Nkoe ea Indochinese e na le 'mala o motšo. Boima ba boima ba botona bo tona bo ka bang 150-190 kg, mme ya motho e motshehadi ke 110-140 kg;
- Nkoe ea Semalay (Panthera tigris jaxksoni) Ke e mong oa baemeli ba tšeletseng ba pholohileng ba mofuta ona, ba fumanoang ka boroa ho hloahloa ea Malacca. Pele, baahi bohle ba ne ba atisa ho bitsoa nkoe ea Indo-Chinese;
- Nkoe ea Sumatran (Panthera tigris sumatraeKe e nyane ka ho fetisisa ho tsohle tse teng hona joale, 'me boima bo tloaelehileng ba monna e moholo e ka ba 100-130 kg. Tsehali li nyane haholo ka boholo, kahoo boima ba tsona ha bo fete 70-90 kg. Boholo ba mmele ke mokhoa oa ho ikamahanya le maemo a meru ea tropike ea Sumatra;
- Nkoe ea Sechaena (Panthera tigris аmoyensis) Ke e mong oa baemeli ba banyane ho feta bohle ba subspecies. Bolelele ba 'mele oa monna le mosali ke bolelele ba limithara tse 2,5-2,6,' me boima bo ka fapana lipakeng tsa 100 le 177 kg. Mefuta e fapaneng ea liphatsa tsa lefutso ea li-subspecies tsena e nyane haholo.
Li-subspecies tse seng li le sieo li emeloa ke nkoe ea Bali (Panthera tigris bаlisa), nkoe ea Transcaucasian (Panthera tigris virgata) le nkoe ea Java (Panthera tigris sоndaisa). Lintho tsa khale tsa khale li kenyelletsa li-subspecies tsa khale Panthera tigris acutidens le li-subspecies tsa khale ka ho fetisisa tsa Trinil (Panthera tigris trinilensis).
Hoa thahasellisa! Tse tsebahalang haholo ke tse bitsoang poone e nyalisitsoeng le li-subspecies tsa Bengal le Amur, ho kenyeletsoa "liger", e leng sefapano lipakeng tsa tigress le tau, hammoho le "tigrols" (taigon kapa tigon), tse hlahang ka lebaka la ho nyalana ha tauhali le nkoe.
Habitat, habitats
Qalong, linkoe li ne li atile haholo Asia.
Leha ho le joalo, ho fihlela joale, baemeli bohle ba mefuta e meng ea liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse joalo ba pholohile feela linaheng tse leshome le metso e tšeletseng:
- Laoc;
- Bangladesh;
- Rephabliki ea Union of Myanmar;
- Bhutan,
- Cambodia;
- Bososhiale Republic of Vietnam;
- Russia;
- Rephabliki ea India;
- Riphaboliki ea Islamic ea Iran;
- Rephabliki ea Indonesia;
- Chaena;
- Malaysia;
- Riphaboliki ea Islamic ea Pakistan;
- Thailand;
- Federal Democratic Republic ea Nepal.
Libaka tse tloaelehileng tsa nkoe ke libaka tse ka leboea tsa taiga, libaka tse se nang lehoatata le meru, hammoho le libaka tse ommeng le libaka tse chesang tse mongobo.
Hoa thahasellisa! Hoo e batlang e le likatse tsohle tse hlaha li tšaba metsi, ka hona, haeba ho khonahala, li leka ho feta matangoaneng, 'me linkoe, ho fapana le hoo, li sesa hantle ebile li rata metsi, li sebelisa ho hlatsoa ho felisa mocheso le ho futhumatsa.
Libaka tse ratoang ka ho fetesisa, moo linkoe li behang maphephe a tsona a mabothobotho le a ts'epahalang, ho tsoma le ho holisa bana, ke mafika a maholo a nang le mekoti e mengata le mahaha a lekunutu. Libaka tse nang le baahi li ka emeloa ke lehlaka le patiloeng kapa lehlaka le haufi le 'mele ea metsi.
Lijo tsa nkoe
Li-subspecies tsohle tsa li-tiger ke baemeli ba taelo ea libatana, ka hona, lijo tse ka sehloohong tsa liphoofolo tse hlaha joalo ka nama feela. Lijo tsa phoofolo e anyesang e kholo ea lelapa la Felidae li kanna tsa ba le phapang e kholo ho latela likarolo tsa mantlha tsa lehae la phoofolo. Mohlala, phofu e kholo ea nkoe ea Bengal hangata ke likolobe tse hlaha, li-sambar tsa India, nilgau le axis. Linkoe tsa Sumatran li khetha ho tsoma likolobe-moru le li-tapir, hammoho le likhama tsa sambar. Linkoe tsa Amur li iphepa haholo ka likhama tsa musk, sika le likhama tse khubelu, hammoho le likhama tse tšehali le likolobe-moru.
Har'a tse ling, linare tsa Maindia le likhama, li-pheasants le li-hares, litšoene esita le litlhapi li ka nkuoa e le phofu ea linkoe. Liphoofolo tse jang haholo tse lapileng li khona ho fepa lihohoana, mefuta eohle ea litoeba kapa liphoofolo tse ling tse nyane, hammoho le lijalo tsa monokotšoai le litholoana tse ling. Ho na le lintlha tse tsebahalang ho latela hore na ke linkoe tse kae tse kholo, ha ho hlokahala, tse ka atlehang ho tsoma liphoofolo tse jang tse ling, tse emeloang ke mangau, likoena, liphiri, likepe, hammoho le libere tsa Himalaya le tse sootho kapa malinyane a tsona.
E le molao, linkoe tse tona tse holileng ka ho kopanela liphate tsa Amur, tse boholo bo boholo le mesifa e khahlisang, li kena ntoeng le libere tse nyane. Phello ea ntoa ea libatana tse matla joalo e ka ba e sa lebelloang ka ho felletseng. Hape ho na le tlhaiso-leseling ho latela hore na ke linkoe life tse atisang ho hlasela malinyane a tlou ea India. Lirapeng tsa liphoofolo, phepo ea linkoe e hlophisitsoe ka hloko haholo, ho nahanoa ka likhothaletso tsohle tse fanoeng ke litsebi tsa Mokhatlo oa Libaka oa Euro-Asia.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, litšoaneleho tsa lilemo tsa phoofolo e jang nama, hammoho le boima ba eona, bong ba phoofolo le litšoaneleho tsa nako ea selemo, lia tsotelloa. Lijo tse ka sehloohong tsa sebatana se botlamuoeng li emeloa ke lihlahisoa tsa liphoofolo, ho kenyeletsoa likhoho, mebutlanyana le nama ea khomo. Hape, lijo li kenyelletsa lebese, mahe, tlhapi le mefuta e meng ea lijo tse matlafatsang haholo tsa protheine.
Ka letsatsi le le leng, sebatana se seng sa batho ba baholo se khona ho ja nama e ka bang kilograma tse leshome tsa nama, empa sekhahla se ipapisitse le litšobotsi tsa mofuta oa phoofolo le boholo ba eona. Lijo tse ling li fuoa nkoe ka linako tse ling le ka bongata bo fokolang. Ha ba le botlamuoeng, lijo tsa liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse tsoang lelapeng la Feline li tlatsetsoa ka metsoako ea vithamine le lisebelisoa tse nang le liminerale tsa mantlha, tse kenyang kholo e nepahetseng ea masapo le ho thibela nts'etsopele ea li-rickets liphoofolong.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Linkoe tsa mofuta o mong le o mong ke liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse ngata tse nyalang sethepu, 'me nako ea tsona ea ho tlolelana e etsahala ka Tshitwe-Pherekhong.... Tse tona li fumana e tšehali, e shebile monko oa moroto oa eona. Ho ipapisitse le mofuta oa boits'oaro ba basali, le ho latela monko oa liphiri tsa hae, e tona e tseba ka botlalo hore na molekane o ikemiselitse ho hlahisa kapa mokhoa oa ho ikatisa. Litebello li bontša hore selemo se seng le se seng mosali o na le matsatsi a 'maloa feela ao ka' ona a khonang ho emara. Haeba manyolo a sa ka a hlaha nakong ea ho nyalana, estrus e phetoang ka basali e hlaha khoeling e tlang.
Hoa thahasellisa! Masea a sebatana se seholo sa liphoofolo tse anyesang a hlaha a holile haholo, empa a se na thuso, mme khoeling ea pele le halofo phepo ea bona e emeloa feela ke lebese la mme.
Tigress e ka tsoala bana ho tloha lilemong tsa lilemo tse tharo kapa tse 'ne. Peo ea tigress e hlaha hang kamora lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse peli kapa tse tharo, 'me nako ea ho emara e nka likhoeli tse fetang tse tharo. Ka nako e ts'oanang, banna ha ba nke karolo ho holiseng bana ba bona ho hang, ka hona, ke basali feela ba fepang, ba sirelletsang le ho ruta melao ea mantlha ea ho tsoma malinyane a bona. Likonyana li tsoaloa ho tloha ka Hlakubele ho isa Mmesa, 'me palo ea tsona e ka fapana ho tloha ho batho ba babeli ho isa ho ba bane. Ka nako e nngwe e tshehadi e tswala ledinyane le le leng kapa a mahlano.
Tse tšehali tse tšehali tsa mofuta o fe kapa o fe, tse holisang bana ba tsona, ha li lumelle tse tona tse tsoang kantle ho naha ho atamela malinyane a tsona, ka lebaka la kotsi ea ho bolaoa ke malinyane a nkoe ke liphoofolo tse hlaha tse kholo. Ha e se e le likhoeli tse ka bang peli, malinyane a nkoe a se a khona ho tloha lehaheng la bona nakoana e seng kae mme a latele bo-'m'a 'ona. Malinyane a nkoe a fumana boipuso bo felletseng a le lilemo li peli kapa tse tharo feela, 'me ke nakong ena moo liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse holileng le tse matla li qalang ho batla le ho khetha sebaka se ikemetseng.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Li-Tigers li kaholimo ho piramite ea lijo le khokahano ea li-biocenoses tsohle tseo ho ahiloeng ho tsona, 'me tšusumetso ea eona e bonahatsoa ka ho hlaka ho baahi ka kakaretso ba li-ungulates tse fapaneng. Li-subspecies tse kholo tsa nkoe li na le lira tse fokolang haholo, e leng ka lebaka la molao-motheo o matla oa phoofolo le matla a eona a makatsang.
Bohlokoa! Nkwe ke sebatana se bohlale haholo ebile se mano ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang, se khona ho lekola ka potlako le ka nepo esita le boemo bo thata haholo, bo bakoang ke tlhaiso-leseling e ntlafalitsoeng le e tsoetseng pele ea liphoofolo.
Har'a liphoofolo tse hlaha, ke libere tse kholo feela tse sootho tse khonang ho hlōla nkoe, empa e le molao, ke liphoofolo tse nyane feela tse sa matlafatsoang ka botlalo, hammoho le malinyane a manyane. Dinkwe tsa bogolo jo bo mo magareng ka metlha di nonofile thata go feta bere ya bogolo jo bo mo magareng.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Linkoe tsa Amur ke tse ling tsa li-subspecies tse nyane ka ho fetisisa tse thathamisitsoeng ho Red Book, ha ka lehlakoreng le leng, nkoe ea Bengal e le eona e kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng. Palo ea linokoane tse kholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng tsa China le China hajoale li teng Malaysia, moo ho tsongoa hampe ho fokotsoang ke mehato e thata.
Leha ho le joalo, palo e felletseng ea batho ba li-subspecies tsena e se e le kotsing, ka lebaka la ho arohana ha mekoloko le ho nyalanya, hammoho le tšenyo ea liphoofolo tse hlaha bakeng sa ho rekisa litho tsa ho etsa meriana ea China. Ea boraro e fumanehang ka bongata har'a li-subspecies tse ling tsohle ke nkoe ea Malaysia. Nkoe ea China ke subspecies eo hajoale e leng tlasa ts'oso e kholo ea ho timela ka ho felletseng, ka hona, maemong a tlhaho, batho ba joalo ha ho na monyetla oa hore ha ba eo.
Dinkwe le monna
Nkoe e hlasela motho khafetsa haholo ho feta baemeli ba bang ba naha e hlaha. Mabaka a tlhaselo e ka ba ponahalo ea batho ba libakeng tsa nkoe, hammoho le khaello ea palo e lekaneng ea phofu ea tlhaho sebakeng sa bolulo, e leng se bakang sebatana se jang liphoofolo ka mokhoa o kotsi se atamelang matlo a batho.
Dinkwe tse jang batho di tsoma di le ding feela, mme phoofolo e lemetseng kapa e tsofetseng haholo e batla phofu e bonolo, eo motho a ka bang eona. Phoofolo e nyane e phetseng hantle ea lelapa la Feline ha e hlasele batho ka seoelo, empa maemong a ikhethang e kanna ea baka likotsi tse bolaeang ho motho. Hajoale ha ho na litlaleho tsa litlhaselo tsa nkoe bathong, ka hona tekanyetso e nepahetseng ea boholo ba ketsahalo ena e ka ba khakanyo feela.
Ho bolaoa ha linkoe ke batho ke ntho e tloaelehileng haholo linaheng tse ngata.... Meriana ea setso ea Chaena e sebelisa likarolo tsohle tsa 'mele oa nkoe, ho kenyeletsoa mohatla, litelu le botoneng, tse nkoang e le aphrodisiac e matla. Leha ho le joalo, netefatso efe kapa efe ea mahlale kapa ea lipatlisiso ea mehopolo e joalo e belaetsang ka boleng bo phahameng ba likarolo tse ling tsa 'mele oa phoofolo e hlaha ha e eo ka botlalo. Leha ho le joalo, hoa lokela ho hlokomeloa hore ts'ebeliso efe kapa efe ea nkoe bakeng sa tlhahiso ea meriana e thibetsoe ka tieo Chaena, mme litsomi tse se nang molato li ahloleloa lefu.
