Liphooko ke baemeli ba jang ba sehlopha sa Linonyana, bao e leng ba sehlopha sa Owls (Latin Strigiformes, kapa Striges). Taelo ena e emeloa ke mefuta e fetang makholo a mabeli a linonyana tse kholo le tse mahareng, tse atisang ho ba bosiu, hape li atile hoo e ka bang likhutlong tsohle tsa lefats'e.
Tlhaloso ea Owl
Ho ea ka litšobotsi tsa bona tsa anatomiki, baemeli bohle ba liphooko ba na le phapang e kholo ho liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse nang le masiba a motšehare, ka lebaka la hore ke ba sehlopha se ikemetseng.
Lintlha tsa bohlokoahali tsa masapo a sephooko:
- boteng ba lits'ebetso tse ikhethang masapong a maholo;
- boteng ba makhalo a ikhethileng a mararo a lehata le mohlahare o ka tlase;
- boteng ba phalanges e khutšoanyane haholo ea leotoana la boraro;
- boteng ba ho sisinyeha ho hlakileng ha menoana e kantle, e khonang ho koba morao;
- boteng ba karolo ea bohlokoa ea mofuta oa notch e fumanehang ka lehlakoreng le kamorao ho sternum.
Hlooho ea Owl e ka potoloha 270 °... Karolo ena e hlalosoa ke boteng ba methapo e ikhethang ea methapo ea carotid boemong ba lesapo le ka tlase la mohlahare, e lebisang ho thehoeng ha phepelo ea mali le ho eketsa palo ea methapo e menyenyane ea mali e tsoang methapong e meholo. Manonyeletso a methapo ea carotid a na le marokho a anastomosed, ka tsela eo a thibela khatello e fetelletseng ea likepe.
Ponahalo
Corolla e khanyang e thehoa ka mela e mehlano ea masiba a thata le a hlephileng, a bitsoang disc ea sefahleho ka liphooko. Masiba a ho fofa a nonyana ena a na le likhahla tse chitja 'me a kobehetse' meleng. Hangata ho tsejoa hore ho na le masiba a marang-rang a masiba a pele a mararo, ka lebaka la hore liphooko li fofa ka khutso. Masiba a boraro le a bone a khetholloa ka bolelele bo boletsoeng. Masiba a mohatla holim'a mohatla o katiloeng kapa o bopehileng haholo, hangata mohatla o mokhutšoane o boetse o khetholloa ka ho kobeha ha ona ho ea tlase. Maoto a na le masiba a batlang a fihla botlaaseng.
Hoa thahasellisa! Karolo ea bohlokoa ea mefuta eo e leng ea baemeli ba taelo Owls e na le 'mala o lerootho, o moputsoa o nang le mafome o nang le matheba a matšo kapa a lefifi, metopa le methapo e etsang hore masiba a liphooko a lumellane le tlhaho e haufi, haholo kamora shoalane.
Linala tse bohale le tse telele tsa sephooko li boetse li khetholloa ka ho kobeha ho matla, 'me molomo oa sebatana se masiba joalo o kobehile, o qala hantle ho tloha botlaaseng,' me ha o na li-notch pela mathoko. E phethela ka hakisi e khutsufalitsoeng, eo ka eona sephooko se khonang ho hlahisa konopo e ikhethang. Noa e khuts'oane ea boka ba linotsi e koahetsoe ka masiba a bristly. Mahlo a sephooko a mofuta ofe kapa ofe a maholo haholo, a shebile pele, a hlalosoang ke sebaka sa sopho ea mahlo ka pele ho lehata, mme sebatana se masiba joalo se bona lefats'e le mo potileng ka ho khetheha ka botsho le bosoeu.
Ho fapana le maikutlo a pharalletseng empa a fosahetse, sephooko se khona ho bona hantle ka nako ea motšehare, hobane mahlo a nonyana e joalo ha a na kutlo e khethehileng motšehare. Morutoana oa sephooko o khetholloa ka ho fokotseha ho hoholo le ho hola, eseng feela tlasa maemo a liphetoho boemong ba khanya, empa hape le nakong ea ha a hema kapa a tsoa moea... Ho utloa ha sephooko ho tšesaane ka mokhoa o makatsang, ho hlakile ho feta baemeli ba lelapa la Feline. Tsebe ea kantle e batlang e le kholo hangata e koaheloa ka letlalo le tsamaeang le masiba.
Botho le mokhoa oa bophelo
Hajoale ha ho na karabo e hlakileng potsong ea hore na sephooko ke nonyana e fallang, empa haholo-holo liphoofolo tse jang masiba tsa tatellano ea tsona ea liphooko li khetha ho lula fatše, hape li khetha ho lula ka bobeli feela. Mosebetsi o ka sehlohlolong oa sephooko o oela bosiu, kahoo motšehare linonyana tse joalo li lula lihlaheng kapa makaleng a lifate.
Hoa thahasellisa! Mehleng ea khale, liphooko li ne li tšaba haholo 'me ho kopana le tsona hangata ho ne ho nkuoa e le lets'oao le lebe haholo, le amanang le liketsahalo tse sa rateheng tsa mohlolo, mme ke ka lebaka lena linonyana tse joalo li neng li hlorisoa hoo e ka bang hohle.
Mokhelo ke liphooko tse nang le lehloa, tse khonang ho bonts'a ts'ebetso ea bosiu le motšehare matsatsing a polar. Banna le basali ba liphooko ba kopana ka bobeli 'me ba qeta bophelo bohle ba bona ba le lenyalong le joalo, empa nako ea lipapali tsa ho ratana kapa tsa ho tlolelana, tse fumanehang mefuteng e mengata ea linonyana, ha e fumanehe ho libatana tse nang le masiba.
Ho phela liphooko tse kae
Nako e tloaelehileng ea bophelo ba liphooko e ka fapana ho tloha ho lilemo tse hlano ho isa ho tse leshome le metso e mehlano 'me, joalo ka ha ho hlokometsoe, ho latela maemo a bophelo, litšobotsi tsa mefuta le boholo ba nonyana. Liphooko ke tse ling tsa tse bolokang nako e telele. Rekoto ea lefats'e e tlalehiloe Sweden, moo nako ea ho phela ea sephooko se seng e neng e le lilemo tse 24 le likhoeli tse robong.
Mefuta ea liphooko
Taelo e kenyelletsa malapa a 'maloa, a emeloang ke liphooko, kapa liphooko tsa' nete, hammoho le mekotla.
Lelapa le lenyenyane la 'nete (Striginae) le kenyeletsa
- mofuta Scoops (Оtus) - tsena ke mefuta e leshome le metso e mehlano, eo baemeli ba eona ba khetholloang ka "disc" ea sefahleho e sa phethoang, hammoho le "litsebe" tse kholo tsa masiba, menoana e hlobotse kapa e nang le bristles e thata. Linonyana li khetholloa ka 'mala o mofubelu, o sootho kapa o moputsoa o nang le likhahla;
- mofuta MEGASEKETSI - tsena ke mefuta e mashome a mabeli a metso e mehlano ea linonyana tse jang nama;
- mofuta Sephooko (Ho thata) - ena ke mefuta e mashome a mabeli a motso o mong, eo baemeli ba eona ba nang le bolelele ba 'mele ka bophara ba cm 30-70. Mofuta ona ha o na litsebe tsa masiba,' me sefahleho sa sefahleho se khetholloa ka polelo e ntle. Masiba a mofuta o hlephileng, o moputsoa kapa o mofubelu ka boteng ba mela e sootho;
- mofuta Likhoho tsa ntsu (Wubo) - tsena ke mefuta e leshome le metso e robong, eo baemeli ba eona e leng linonyana tsa bosiu tse nang le 'mala o bofubelu bo sootho ka mela e hlakileng. "Litsebe" tsa masiba li fumaneha mahlakoreng a hlooho. Bolelele ba 'mele bo fapana pakeng tsa 36-75 cm;
- mofuta Liphooko tsa Neotropical (Рulsatrix) - tsena ke mefuta e meraro ea linonyana tse jang nama;
- mofuta Liphooko tsa litlhapi (Scotorelia) - tsena ke mefuta e meraro ea linonyana tse jang nama;
- mofuta Liphooko tsa litlhapi (Ketura) - tsena ke mefuta e meraro, eo baemeli ba eona ba lokelang ho kenyeletsoa mofuteng o pharalletseng oa Wubo;
- mofuta Li-scoops tse sefahleho se tšoeu (Ptilorsis) - mefuta e 'meli, eo ka linako tse ling e leng ea mofuta oa Otus;
- mofuta Sekepe sa Cuba (Liteboho) - mofuta o le mong o thehang mofuta oa monotypic Margarabyas mme o atile Cuba;
- mofuta Sekolo sa Amerika Bophirimela (Tsepiso) - mofuta o le mong oa linonyana tse jang nama;
- mofuta Lenaka la lenaka (LeratoKe mofuta oa monotypic o lulang libakeng tsa meru tse ka boroa le bohareng ba Amerika;
- mofuta Lenaka la Aforika (JubulaKe mofuta o ikhethileng o ikhethileng oa mofuta oa monotypic Jubula ebile o atile Afrika.
Lelapa le lenyenyane Аsiоninae le kenyeletsa
- mofuta Likhoebo tse mametsoeng (Asio) - mefuta e ts'eletseng, eo baemeli ba eona e nang le sefahleho se hlakileng, hammoho le iris e mosehla kapa ea lamunu. Mapheo a malelele ebile a masesane, a nang le masiba a mofuta oa masiba a sefofane sa bobeli le sa boraro. Mofuta ona o khetholloa ka mamati a maholo a litsebe a koahetsoeng ka lesaka le letlalo le sa lekanang. Maoto a nonyana ke masiba a fihlang karolong ea lenala;
- mofuta Sekolo sa Jamaican, kapa Sephooko se metsero (Рsеudоsсорs) - mefuta e bolelele ba 28-35 cm mme e na le masiba a bofubelu le molomo o mosehla o mosehla;
- mofuta Solomon eared sephooko (Nesаsio) Ke mofuta o bopang mofuta oa monotypic, oo pele e neng e le oa mofuta oa liphooko tse telele.
Lelapa le lenyenyane la Surniinae le kenyelletsa
- mofuta Likhoho tse maoto a nale (Ninoh) - mefuta e mashome a mararo a metso e meraro, baemeli ba eona ba nang le masiba a sa tloaelehang le a bristle a etsang sekoahelo sa menoana. Bolelele ba nonyana bo fapana ho tloha ho 20 cm ho isa halofo ea mithara. Bohale ba molomo o tlase bo khetholloa ke leino le ikhethang;
- mofuta Serobele sephooko (Glаucidium) - mefuta e leshome le metso e meraro, eo baemeli ba eona e nang le boholo bo bonyenyane ba 'mele, mapheo a makhuts'oane le mohatla o molelele. Sesepa sa sefahleho se khetholloa ka kholo e fokolang, "litsebe" ha li eo, mahlo a manyane;
- mofuta Liphooko tsa Upland (Аеgоlius) - mefuta e mehlano, eo baemeli ba eona ba tšoanang ka ponahalo le liphooko, empa ba na le menoana ea maoto e mene-mene, lehlaka le lekhuts'oane, masiba a batlang a sa tiea, hlooho e kholoanyane le sefahleho se hlalositsoeng hantle;
- mofuta Liphooko (Аthеne) - mefuta e meraro, eo baemeli ba eona e leng baahi ba libaka tse bulehileng ka ho fetisisa, litoropo, libaka tsa mahaeng, libaka tsa masimo, mahoatata le mahoatata, hammoho le libaka tse nang le mafika;
- mofuta Morubisi oa morung (Heteroglaux) Ke mofuta oo baemeli ba ona ba khetholloang ka boholo bo bonyenyane haholo le mmele o molelele nakong ea kotara ea mithara. Sebaka sa mapheo se koahetsoe ke metopa e bosoeu. Phapang e kholo ea mefuta e emeloa ke menoana e matla e koahetsoeng ke masiba a masoeu. Dimorphism ea thobalano e bonolo;
- mofuta Hawk Owl (Khloe KapriKe mofuta o nang le baemeli ba boholo bo mahareng le mohatla o molelele, hape o fapana ka mahlo le molomo o mosehla ha ho se na "litsebe" tse ikhethang. Bolelele ba nonyana ke 35-43 cm, e nang le mapheo a bolelele ba cm 60-80;
- mofuta Elf sephooko (Miсrathеne) - mofuta oo baemeli ba ona ba neng ba hlalosoa morao ho 1861, hape le bolelele ba mmele bo fapaneng ka hare ho 12-14 cm, ka boima ba ligrama tse ka bang 45. Ho theoha ha mmele ka lehlakoreng le emeng, ka hlooho e batlang e le kholo le ho ba sieo ha "litsebe";
- mofuta Ho chesa ha Andes (Xenoglaux) - mofuta o le mong, oo baemeli ba ona ba khetholloang ke sebopeho sa mofuta oa monotypic;
- mofuta Sephooko sa Papua (Urоglаux) Ke mofuta oo baemeli ba oona e leng mofuta oa monotypic 'me o fapana ka boholo bo bolelele ka bolelele ba mmele bo 30 cm, hlooho e nyane le mohatla o molelele. Mapheo a khutsufalitsoe, a chitja. Diski ya sefahleho e tshweu, empa tse nyane di mmala o bobebe ho feta dinonyana tse hodileng.
Ka hona, ke moetlo ho bitsa lelapa la Kolobe e le malapa a mararo feela a mantlha, a kopanyang genera e meraro.
Sebaka, kabo
Mefuta ea scoop e hasane hohle Europe le Asia, hape le Afrika le Amerika.... Baemeli ba mofuta oa Splyushka ba atile haholo Europe. Naheng ea habo rona, ntle le sephooko sa scops, Bochabela bo Hōle, tšoele ea bochabela le molaleng le eona e atile haholo, 'me Asia Bohareng le naheng ea Kazakhstan u ka shebella scoop ea lehoatata.
Hoa thahasellisa! Lihlora ke baemeli ba mefuta e fapaneng ea li-biotope, ho kenyeletsoa taiga, le mahoatata le libaka tsa meru ea tropike, ka hona, batho ba joalo ba lula hoo e ka bang lik'honthinenteng tsohle tsa lefats'e, ntle le Australia.
Baemeli ba mofuta oa Megаsсors ke baahi ba Amerika Leboea, Boroa le Bohareng, mme Neyasyti e atile haholo Europe, Afrika Leboea, hammoho le Asia le Amerika. Liphooko tsa Neotropical li lula merung ea Amerika Boroa le Amerika Bohareng, ha Li-Owls tsa Fish li lula Asia feela. Ke liphooko tse ngata tse sefahleho se tšoeu tse atileng haholo kajeno ho baahi ba Afrika, 'me Pseudoscors ke baahi ba ikhethang ba sehlekehleke sa Jamaica.
Lijo tsa Owl
Liphooko li lula hoo e ka bang lefats'e lohle, ka hona lijo tsa linonyana tse jang liphoofolo haholo-holo li tsoa liphoofolong, empa li khetholloa ke mefuta e mengata e fapaneng. Likhoho, e le baemeli ba kholo ka ho fetisisa ba liphooko, li fepa feela lijo tse nang le mali a futhumetseng, 'me batho ba sa tloaelehang ba maoto a nale ba khetha ho ja likokoanyana.
Sephooko se khona ho qeta likhoeli tse 'maloa se se na metsi,' me boemo bo lekaneng ba mokelikeli 'meleng oa nonyana e jang nama bo fanoa ke mali a macha a phofu ea sona. Liphooko li tsoma 'me, ka lebaka leo, li fepa, haholo-holo lefifing.
Phofu ea baemeli ba kholo ka ho fetisisa ba li-Owls e ka emeloa ke liphokojoe tse kholo haholo, lilamunu le litoeba, empa le ke nonyana efe kapa efe. Mohlala, liphooko tse nang le lehloa hangata li tsoma mefuta ea litoeba tsa vole, hares eseng li-ermine tse kholo haholo, 'me liphooko tsa ntlo li mafolofolo ho ja mefuta eohle ea tse senyang lijalo, ho kenyeletsoa le litoeba tse fapaneng.
Bohlokoa! Ho lokela ho hopoloa hore liphooko ha li fepe tse bolaeang, 'me nakong ea mariha phepelo ea lijo ke libatana tse joalo tse masiba li etsoa ka kotloloho lihlaheng.
Liinoli tse nyane li ja likokoanyana feela, 'me lijo tsa sephooko li fapane haholo. Liphooko, hammoho le liphooko, li khetha ho lula haufi le moo batho ba lulang teng moo li felisang litoeba tse ngata tse kotsi.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Liphooko tsa mefuta e fapaneng li ka ikatisa hanngoe kapa makhetlo a 'maloa selemong se le seng,' me maqhubu a bana a its'etleha ka kotloloho ho palo e felletseng ea lijo libakeng tsa linonyana tse jang nama. Clutch e le 'ngoe e ka emeloa ke mahe a' maloa, empa hangata palo ea ona e fapana ho ea ka mahe a 3-10. Mahe a Owl a khetholla haholo mmala o mosoeu, sebopeho se chitja le boholo bo batlang bo le banyane.
Ha ho se na lijo tse lekaneng, liphooko tsa khale li ka ja baena ba banyane kapa ba fokolang sehlaheng. Ka tloaelo, mahe a qhotsoa ke tse tšehali, 'me tse tona li nka karolo ka kotloloho ho fepa bana ba tsona.
Hangata litsuonyana tsa lilemo tse fapaneng li phela hantle sehlaheng se le seng sa sephooko. Batsoali ba fepa ka botlalo bana bohle ba hlahileng, empa karolo e kholo ea nako le boiteko li nehetsoe ho liphooko tsa khale.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Ho nkoa hore sesosa se ka sehloohong sa lefu la liphooko ke khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng. Lilemong tse ling, ha palo e felletseng ea litoeba le liphoofolo tse ling tse tsongoang ke liphooko e le nyane, hoo e ka bang kotara ea bacha ea shoa. Har'a tse ling, mefuta e fapaneng ea liphooko hangata e hlaseloa ke linonyana tse kholo joalo ka liphakoe, lintsu le lintsu tsa khauta.
Bohlokoa! Lihlaha tsa sephooko se nang lehloa li senngoa ke liphokojoe tsa Arctic, tse jang litsuonyana le mahe, le li-skuas tse nang le melomo e matla le manala a ntlafalitsoeng hantle li ka ba kotsi ho bana ba mofuta ona.
Lira tse ka sehloohong tsa litsuonyana tsa sephooko tse oang kapa tse fofang li tsoa sehlaheng sa bona pele ho nako ke liphoofolo tse jang nama tse fapaneng, ho kenyeletsoa li-raccoon, ferrets le liphokojoe. Empa sera se seholo sa sephooko nakong ea joale ke motho ea nang le tšusumetso e mpe tikolohong ea nonyana ka ho rema lifate. Har'a tse ling, hangata liphooko ke taba ea ho tsoma ha batho ntle le tumello.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Leha ho na le 'nete ea hore mefuta e mengata ea liphooko e tlisa melemo e mengata ho batho le ho senya likokoanyana tse ngata tse kotsi, hammoho le litoeba, litho tse ling tsa lelapa lena li fetohile tse sa tloaelehang, tse halefisitsoeng ke sebaka se fokolang sa kabo le ho fallisoa ha tsona ho tloha libakeng tsa mantlha tsa tlhaho. Ho fihla hajoale, sephooko se nang lehloa, hammoho le mefuta e meng, li kentsoe Bukeng e Khubelu le Sehlomathisong II sa Seboka sa CITES.
Boleng ba moruo
Liphooko maemong a tlhaho li bohlokoa haholo. Likokoana-hloko tse joalo tse masiba li lumella ho fokotsa palo ea litoeba, hape li kenya letsoho phelisong e mafolofolo ea linonyana tse kulang kapa tse fokolang haholo, tse nang le phello e ntle ho matšoao a akaretsang a letamo la liphatsa tsa lefutso.
Har'a tse ling, linonyana tse joalo li aba litholoana tsa mefuta eohle le lihlahisoa tse fapaneng tsa peo ea limela, ho ntšetsa pele ho fallisoa ha tsona. Marotholi a baemeli ba mefuta eohle ea liphooko a khetholloa e le manyolo a bohlokoa a manyolo.Sephooko ke nonyana e ntle ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang ebile e ikhohomosang, 'me litho tse ngata tsa lelapa li na le mekhoa ea ho ikamahanya habonolo le batho kapele, ka hona ba ne ba le sehlopheng sa liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng tse batloang le tse ratoang haholo.
