Maruarua a baleen kapa a senang meno ke tse ling tsa liphoofolo tse anyesang tse kholo ka metsing. Ba na le mabitso ka lebaka la boteng ba maruarua marong, a teng ka ho tšoana le marenene, ka thuso ea hore li-cetacean tsena li fepa baahi ba banyenyane ka ho fetisisa ba metsi.
Tlhaloso ea maruarua a baleen
Ho na le malapa a mane a subspecies ena: minke, dwarf, grey and whale whale, tse fapaneng ka ponahalo le boits'oaro.
Ponahalo
Boholo ba liphoofolo tsena bo tloha ho limithara tse 6 ho isa ho tse 34, le boima ba tsona ho tloha ho lithane tse 3 ho isa ho tse 200... Banna le basali ba fapane ka ponahalo, ea morao e kholo ebile e nonne mefuteng eohle. Litopo tsa maruarua li bobebe, ho na le mapheoana a mohatla, a lumellang mefuta e meng hore e fihle lebelo la ho fihla ho 50 km / h (fin whale) le mapheoana a mokokotlo, empa eseng mefuta eohle.
Hlooho e kholo e tloha ho ⅓ ho isa boholong ba 'mele oohle, eo leha ho le joalo, maruarua a baleen a sitoang ho reteleha ka lebaka la mokokotlo oa mokokotlo oa popelo. Lehare la molomo le leholo, le na le leleme, halofo ea mafura mme le fihla boima bo boholo, ka mohlala, lithane tse 3 - maruarua a maputsoa (a maputsoa). Ka lesoba la parietal ho na le linko tse peli, mme ts'ebetso ea ts'ebetso e etsoa ke vibrissae - bristles sefahlehong, tse fumanehang ka seoelo, empa methapo e ka bang 400 ea methapo e lekana le moriri o le mong.
Hoa thahasellisa!Letlalo la maruarua a baleen le tenya, ho na le lera la mafura ka tlasa lona, le lumellang liphoofolo tsena tse anyesang ho phela le ho fumana lijo maemong a batang haholo. Mmala o lefifi haholo, mebala e meng e likarolong tse fapaneng tsa 'mele e fapana ho ea ka mefuta le mefuta, esita le malapeng.
Molomong oa molomo ho na le lesapo la leruarua - lekoala le bopehileng le likhutlo li tharo le khomaretsoeng mohlahareng o kaholimo, qetellong le na le mokhoabetso.
Lipoleiti li arohane ka bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 0,4 ho isa ho tse 1.3, li na le bolelele bo sa lekanang ho tloha ho 20 ho isa ho 450 cm, palo ea tsona e fapana ho tloha ho likotoana tse 350 ho isa ho tse 800. Ka lebaka la pherekano e nang le bristly, lijo tse nyane li ntse li mo setse, joalo ka letlooeng le letle, ha leruarua le sefa metsi a mangata, ebe le sutumelloa molaleng ka leleme.
Botho le mokhoa oa bophelo
Maruarua a mangata a baleen a sesa butle. Mefuta e meng e khobile matšoafo e amana le likepe tse atamelang haufi (maruarua a maputsoa), tse ling li leka ho se oele tšimong ea mahlo a batho (maruarua a manyane).
Hoa thahasellisa!Ho falla ho bakoa ke ho tloha libakeng tse pholileng tsa phepelo ho ea libakeng tse chesang tsa tropike bakeng sa ho ikatisa le ho khutla hamorao le bana ba seng ba holile.
Maruarua a se nang meno a fumanoa a le mong kapa ka sehlotšoana... U ka bona hangata lipontšo tsa feshene tse kopaneng - bo-mme le malinyane. Leha ho le joalo, nakong ea ho fepa, ho tsoma kapa nakong ea ho nyallana, ho ka etsahala hore liphoofolo tsena li ipokellele kolone e kholo, e fihle ho batho ba 50 kapa ho feta.
Bongata ba mefuta e phela bophelo ba mabopong, hangata e sesa libakeng tse sa tebang, ka thata ho tsoa ho eona. Mefuta e meng e lula metsing a tebileng. Li qoela botebong ba lijo, li bonts'a mohatla oa mohatla, ntle le seival. Hangata li tsoa ka metsing, li ntša melumo ea tsona, hape li lokolla metsi ka mokhoa oa seliba sebakeng sa parietal hloohong.
Maruarua a baleen a phela halelele hakae
Nako e telele ea bophelo ea maruarua a baleen e tloha ho lilemo tse 50 kapa ho feta bakeng sa maruarua a maputsoa, maruarua a marutle le maruarua a minke ho fihlela lilemo tse fetang 100 bakeng sa maruarua. Ka nako e ts'oanang, leruarua le leputsoa le ka phela nako e telele ho feta lilemo tse 90, 'me leruarua le boreleli la Japane le feta le lilemo tse 70.
Habitat, habitats
Baemeli ba suborder ena ea cetaceans ba ka bonoa likarolong tsohle tsa lefatše la metsing la lefatše. Metsi a pholileng a Arctic, Antarctic le Southern Hemisphere a hohela maruarua a baleen ka lijo tse ngata, ha maqhubu a futhumetseng a thusa ho tsoala le ho itokisetsa ho fallela libakeng tse nang le lijo tse ngata. Mokhelo ke leruarua le ka pele, le tsamaeang ka metsing a Arctic, le minke ea Monyaluoa, e sa tloheng sebakeng se chesang le se chesang se mongobo. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, maruarua le maruarua a mapheo a khetha metsi a pholileng a Leoatle la Lefatše: Bochabela bo Hōle, Atlantic Leboea, Atlantic Boroa le lehlabula le leng le futhumetseng.
Hoa thahasellisa!Leruarua le leputsoa le lona le khomaretse metsi a bulehileng, empa ke ka seoelo u ka le bonang. Maruarua a marotho ha a fumanehe haholo ebile a le maemong a pholileng le a pholileng a Lefatše le ka Boroa, ka hona ha ho na leseli le lenyenyane ka bona.
Sebaka ka seng se ka thōko se na le litsela tsa sona tsa ho falla. Mohlala, leruarua le boreleli la Majapane le khetha libaka tsa lishelefo tsa Bochabela bo Hōle kapa maoatle a Arctic, maruarua a maputsoa a rata metsi a sa tebang a Bochabela bo Hare le Hloahloeng ea California, moo a sesang bakeng sa ho ikatisa. Litšitiso li ka latela metsi a shelefo ka bobeli le ho tsamaea libaka tse telele ho ea leboea la Atlantic le Leoatle la Pacific, ha li ntse li fallela lebopong la Afrika bophirima, Hawaii le boroa ho Lihlekehleke tsa Japane.
Lijo tsa maruarua a baleen
Maruarua a boreleli a iphepa ka li-crustaceans tse nyane tsa planktonic, ha maruarua a maputsoa a fepa li-crustaceans le likokoana-hloko tse nyane tsa benthic, a li nka ka bobeli ho tloha tlase le karolong ea metsi.
Maruarua a metsero, haholo-holo: maruarua, maruarua a maruarua, maruarua a marumo le maruarua a ho qetela, ntle le plankton, a fepa litlhapi tse nyane joalo ka herring kapa capelin, a li kenya sekolong se teteaneng ha a tsoma mohlapeng kapa ka thuso ea bubble ea metsi, ebe o hlaha bohareng ba lesihla lena, a leka tšoara boholo ba litlhapi ka molomo oa hau.
Li-squids, li-copepod li ka sebetsa e le lijo tsa lipolokelo le maruarua... Ea morao-rao, ha a fepa, hangata o ea ka lehlakoreng la bona le letona, a monya metsi a mangata a nang le sehlahisoa sa phepo ho eona, ebe o se sefa ka lesapo la leruarua. Empa leruarua le leputsoa le iphepa haholo ka plankton.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Khōlo ea thobalano maruarong a se nang meno e hlaha ka mekhoa e fapaneng:
- maruarong a boreleli a Japane a le lilemo li 10 le bolelele ba limithara tse 15,
- maruarong a marumo a lilemo li 20-25 ka bolelele ba 12-14 m.,
- maruarong a maputsoa, maruarua a maruarua, maruarua a maputsoa - a le lilemo li 5-10 a nang le boholo ba 11-12 m.,
- bakeng sa maruarua le maruarua a lilemo li 6 ho isa ho tse 12, a nang le limithara tse 13 ho isa ho 14 le lipeo tse 19 ho isa ho tse 20.
- ka maruarua a minke - ha a fihla lilemo tse 3-5.
Nakong ea nako ea ho tsoma, maruarua a baleen a ka bokana ka lihlopha tse batlang li le kholo, moo tse tona nakong ea rut li ka hlahisang melumo (lipina) tse fapaneng, li bonts'a takatso ea tsona ea ho nyala le ho nyala e le 'ngoe kapa tse' maloa tse tšehali nako e telele. Hangata, tse tšehali li tlohela e tona e le 'ngoe, empa maruarua a hlooho ea seqha a na le sethepu ntlheng ena. Ha ho na tlholisano e mabifi lipakeng tsa maruarua.
E tšehali hangata e tsoala leruarua le le leng ha le le lilemo li 2-4, empa maruarua a mink a ka tsoala hang kamora lilemo tse 1-2. Nako ya ho emara ke dikgwedi tse 11-14. Pelehi e etsahala libakeng tsa mariha, ha:
- bakeng sa maruarua a Majapane ka December-Hlakubele,
- bakeng sa Greenland - ka Mmesa-Phuptjane,
- ka likhathatso - ka Pulungoana-Hlakola.
Hoa thahasellisa!Masea a hlahela mohatleng oa metsi pele, ha baholoane ba hae ba se ba le baholo ba khona ho mo thusa ho nyolohela kaholimo ho metsi molemong oa ho hema phefumoloho ea pele ea moea. Boholo ba lelinyane bo ka fihla ho ¼ ea 'mele oa mme,' mele oa eona ka kakaretso o lekana.
Peo e fepa ka tlasa metsi, e koenya nnyo metsotsoana e seng mekae, ho tloha moo, ka lebaka la ho honyela ha mesifa e khethehileng ea mme, ho tšeloa lebese la mafura a mangata kahare ea molomo. E tšehali e hlahisa lebese le lengata, ka hona malinyane a hola kapele, ka hona baemeli ba mofuta oa leruarua le leputsoa ba ka lokolla ho fihlela lilithara tse 200. lebese ka letsatsi.
Lactation e nka likhoeli tse 12 ka karolelano, empa ka maruarua a minke e nka likhoeli tse ka bang 5, le maruarua le maruarua a maputsoa likhoeli tse 6-9. Tlamo pakeng tsa mme le ledinyane e matla haholo. Qalong ea bophelo, masapo a leruarua a bana a hola butle haholo, leha ho le joalo, qetellong ea ho fepa lebese, matla a kholo ea ona a eketseha, a lumellang bacha ho iphepa.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Maruarua a Baleen ha a na lira ka tlhaho, mohlomong kotsi e le 'ngoe feela e sokelang malinyane a sa tsoa tsoaloa ho liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse kholo joalo ka lishaka kapa maruarua a bolaeang, hammoho le liphoofolo tse fokolang kapa tse kulang. Empa ho na le linyeoe ha lishaka li hlaseloa ke maruarua a se nang meno, ao, ka lebaka la ho lieha ha 'ona, a neng a sitoa ho khutlisa sera hanghang. Lishaka, ho loma likotoana tsa nama maruarua, ho ka fokolisa phofu, 'me ho tsoa mali ho bakoang ke sena ho ka hohela lishaka tse ling... Maruarua, leha ho le joalo, a na le monyetla oa ho itšireletsa liphoofolong tse hlaselang ka ho a hlaba mohatleng kapa ka ho letsetsa beng ka bona ho tla thusa ka melumo eo ba e etsang.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Hajoale, baemeli ba suborder ena ka tsela e 'ngoe ba ntse ba sirelelitsoe ka lebaka la ts'okelo ea ho timela. Palo ea mefuta e meng ha e fete batho ba 'maloa. Ho tsoma ho thibetsoe maruarong a ka leboea a letona, Majapane, maruarua, maruarua, maruarua a maputsoa.
Bohlokoa!Litšokelo tse tebileng ho palo ea maruarua a baleen ke tšenyo ea ho thulana le likepe nakong ea ho falla, lisebelisoa tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi, le litlamorao tse mpe tsa mesebetsi ea bahahlauli.
Kotsi e ka bang teng ke ts'ilafalo ea maoatle le phokotso ea phepelo ea lijo ka lebaka la liphetoho tsa lefatše maemong a leholimo.
Boleng ba khoebo
Maruarua a Minke a kotuloa ka bongata liindastering ke Norway, Japane le Korea Boroa. E lumelletsoe ho tsoma litlhoko tsa baahi ba matsoalloa ka har'a li-quotas tse tiisitsoeng tsa: maruarua a lihlooho tse ka pele, maruarua a bohlooho bo bochabela, maruarua. Nama ea leruarua e sebelisetsoa lijo, lesapo la leruarua le sebelisetsoa ho etsa lihopotso, 'me mafura a sebelisetsoa litlhoko tsa lijo, indasteri ea bongaka le tse ling, hammoho le tse ling tse seng molaong.
