Curlews (Numenius) ke baemeli ba khanyang le ba khahlisang ba linonyana tsa lelapa la Snipe le taelo ea Charadriiformes. Linonyana tse joalo li ka bonoa habonolo ka molomo oa tsona o kobehileng hanyane ka tlase le bolelele bo bolelele, bo thusang likhahla ho fumana phofu ea tsona botebong le bo metsi.
Tlhaloso ea li-curlews
Boholo ba 'mele le bolelele ba molomo, boima ba' mele le mapheo, hammoho le 'mala oa masiba le maoto ho baemeli ba lelapa la Snipe le taelo ea Charadriiformes li fapana ho latela mofuta.
Ponahalo
Curlew e kholo ke nonyana, bolelele ba 50-60 cm le boima ba 600-1000 g, e nang le mapheo a bolelele ba 80-100 cm... Enoa ke moemeli e moholo le ea tloaelehileng ho fetisisa oa lelapa Europe. Sebopeho sa kobehileng ke molomo o molelele o kobehileng. 'Mala oa curlew o itekanetse,' me 'mala oa masiba o fapana ho ea ka' mala o mosehla o sootho ho ea ho o moputsoa o sootho o nang le metopa kapa mabali a fapaneng.
Li-curlews tsa Bochabela bo Hare ke linonyana tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa liphoofolo Russia. Mapheo a mapheo a fihla ho mithara. Baemeli ba mofuta ona ba khethollotsoe ka maoto a malelele, mokokotlo o sootho ka mokokotlo le sefahleho se bofubelu masiba. Sebaka sa mpa se bobebe, ka boteng ba palesa ea ocher le mela e lefifi ea longitudinal. Little Curlew ke nonyana e bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 28-34 e nang le mapheo a bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 57-63 le boima ba ligrama tse 150-175. Masiba a teng a le masootho haholo, empa mpa e le tšoeu. Bili e khuts'oane ebile e kobehile ka mokhoa o hlakileng. Ho na le metopa e bobebe le e lefifi hloohong, e fumanehang moqhaka le kaholimo ho lintši.
Bolelele ba 'mele oa curlew ha bo bolele ho feta 40-46 cm, e nang le mapheo a bolelele ba cm 78-80. Boima ba boima ba monna e moholo ke 268-550 g,' me ea mosali e ka hare ho 315-600 g Phapang e kholo ho curlew e kholo ke boteng ba botšo Moqhaka o mosoeu oa bolelele ba lesela la bolelele ba nako le ho kotulla ka lintši tse bobebe. Ho phaella moo, baemeli ba mofuta ona ba na le molomo o khutšoanyane. Mmala o akaretsang oa masiba a bohlooho, o na le matheba hohle 'meleng.
Curlew ea Tahiti ke nonyana e bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 40-44 e nang le mapheo a bolelele ba 80-90 cm le boima ba 'mele ea 300-350 ho ea ho 500-550 g. Motheo oa molomo o molelele ke o pinki,' me karolo ea eona e kaholimo e 'mala o lefifi. Nonyana ena e tsebahala ka maoto a bohlooho, beige e bobebe ka tlase ho mmele le mohatla o bobebe o nang le methalo e metšo e lefifi. Karolo e kaholimo ea masiba a bosootho bo lefifi ka bosootho bo bosootho le matheba a 'mala oa lehlabathe. Bokatlase ba mapheo bo bofubedu bo boputswa mme lehlakore le hodimo le boputswa bo boputswa.
Hoa thahasellisa! Eskimo kapa dwarf curlew ke nonyana e bolelele ba 'mele kahare ho 30 cm, e kholo hanyane ho feta curlew e nyane ka ho fetisisa e tsejoang hajoale, empa e nyane haholo ho feta mefuta efe kapa efe ea linonyana tse joalo.
Bolelele ba 'mele oa curlew e tšesaane e ka ba lisenthimithara tse 40. Baemeli ba mofuta ona ba na le maoto a malelele le molomo o bohale, o khethiloeng ka mokhoa o kobehileng tlase. Masiba a khetholloa ke 'mala o moputsoa oa lefats'e ka boteng ba metopa e teteaneng haholo le mabala. Ho na le methapo e bobebe ea bolelele ba sebaka sa hlooho. 'Mala oa tse tona le tse tšehali ha o na phapang e bonahalang.
Botho le mokhoa oa bophelo
Curlews ke balateli ba bophelo ba sechaba, ka hona, hangata ho na le mehlape e mengata ea baemeli ba mofuta oo. Libakeng tsa tsona tsa lihlaha, batho ba baholo ba bokana ba le bang, ka bobeli, kapa e le karolo ea mohlape o seng o ntse o le teng. Sebakeng sa Russia bohareng, nako e tloaelehileng ea lihlaha bakeng sa curlews e qala, joalo ka molao, ka Mmesa, le libakeng tsa masimo - ka Hlakubele. Nako ea ho ikatisa libakeng tse ka leboea e qala ka Mots'eanong.
Hangata, hang ka mor'a ho fihla, linonyana li qala ts'ebetso ea ho nyalana... E tona ka nako ena e nyolohela holimo mme e ntša mololi o matla haholo le o lerata, kamora moo e qala ho thellela fatše habonolo. Mehato e joalo ea semelo e phetoa ke nonyana makhetlo a mangata. Ts'ebetso ea lihlaha tsa lihlaha e etsahala haufi le metsi.
Leha e le hore mefuta eohle ea likhohlopo e teng matsatsing ana ke linonyana tse nang le khotso ebile e phela bophelo bo botle sechabeng, baemeli ba joalo ba linonyana ba chesehela meeli ea bolulo ba bona ka cheseho. Ho ea ka bo-rasaense, seo ho thoeng ke nesting conservatism se tsebahala haholo ho batho ba baholo, kahoo selemo se seng le se seng ba khutlela libakeng tseo ba li ratang.
Ke li-curlews tse kae tse phelang
Karolelano ea nako ea bophelo ea li-curlews tse kholo maemong a tlhaho e tloha ho lilemo tse leshome ho isa ho mashome a mabeli, 'me palo e holimo (ho latela tlhaiso-leseling) ke lilemo tse mashome a mararo.
Dimorphism ea thobalano
Tse tshehadi hangata di batla di le kgolo ho feta tse tona, mme di na le molomo o molelele o kobehileng. Ntle le letšoao lena la ts'oaetso ea thobalano, ha ho na phapang ea kantle lipakeng tsa bong.
Mefuta ea curlews
Hajoale, ho na le malapa a supileng feela a linonyana tse joalo, mme ke tse hlano feela tsa tsona tse fumanehang joale Russia.
Mefuta ea curlews:
- Great curlew (Numenius arquata) ho kenyeletsa le subspecies Numenius arquata arquata le Numenius arquata orientalis;
- Curlew ea nako e telele (Numenius amеriсanus);
- Curlew ea Bochabela bo Hare (Numenius mаdаgаsсariensis);
- Medile curlew (Numenius phaeorus);
- Lesea Curlew (Numenius minutus);
- Moahloli oa Setahiti (Numеnius tаhitiеnsis);
- Sekhahla se sesesaane (se senyenyane) curlew (Numеnius tеnuirоstris).
Eskimo kapa pygmy curlew (Numenius borealis) mohlomong ba ile ba shoa lekholong la ho qetela la lilemo.
Habitat, habitats
Dihlaha tse harelaneng dibakeng tse mongobo le dibakeng tse mongobo, mme mariha e phela pela mabopo kapa ka hare ho naha, e rata masimo le mehloa a likhohola.
Sebaka se seholo sa kabo se emeloa ke Leboea le Bohareng ba Europe, hammoho le sebaka sa Lihlekehleke tsa Borithane. Mariha, Great Curlews e fofa e ea lebopong la Europe e ka boroa le bophirima.
Lihlaha tsa Bochabela bo Hōle tikolohong ea Amur le Kamchatka, hammoho le Primorsky Territory. Lehlabuleng, baemeli ba mofuta ona ba fumanoa Vilyui, Lithabeng tsa Koryak le sebakeng sa Nizhnyaya Tunguska, hammoho le sehlekehlekeng sa Bering, karolong e ka leboea-bochabela ea Chaena le Hloahloeng ea Korea. Lihlaha tsa masea a Curlew likhohlo tsa morung le liphula tsa noka karolong e ka leboea ea Siberia. Baemeli ba mofuta ona ke ba sehlopha sa linonyana tse fallang, ka hona ba ea mariha ho ea Sehlekehlekeng sa Malay kapa Europe Bophirima.
Li-curlews tse mahareng li lula mokhoabong le mabopong a letša le mongobo, masimong a nang le lifate haufi le metsi. Baemeli ba sehlaha sa mefuta Europe Bophirima le leboea-bophirima ho Amerika Leboea, hammoho le Russia, ho tloha Kola Hloahloeng ho ea Kamchatka le Anadyr. Nonyana ena e fallang e lula sebakeng se ka boroa-bochabela ho Chaena le Leoatleng la Mediterranean ho ea New Zealand, ka boroa ho Afrika, Tasmania le Amerika Boroa.
Li-curlews tsa Setahiti sehlabeng sa Alaska haufi le noka ea Yukon le Hloahloeng ea Seward. Baemeli ba mefuta ena ke linonyana tse fallang, tse fallelang lihlekehlekeng tsa tropike tse pholletsa le Japane ka hoetla. Linonyana tse joalo hangata li fumaneha Hawaii, Fiji kapa French Polynesia.
Sebaka sa curlew se nang le likhahla tse tšesaane ke libaka tse mongobo, libaka tse nang le mokhoabo karolong e 'ngoe ea Asia,' me nakong ea lifofane linonyana li lula lebōpong la leoatle. Bakeng sa mariha, baemeli bohle ba mofuta ona ba ea karolong e ka boroa ea Europe, sebakeng sa Asia Minor kapa Afrika Leboea.
Lijo tsa curlew
Li-curlews tsa Bochabela bo Hare li tšoasa li-bivalve le li-gastropods, li fepa ka gammarus, oligochaetes, 'me ka linako tse ling makhala a manyane le litlhapi. Nakong ea ho butsoa ha monokotšoai, linonyana li hlasela masimong a melee a mabopong khafetsa mme li ja li-blueberries kapa crowberries.
Li-curlews tse mosesane li ja liphoofolo tse nyane, ho kenyeletsoa likokoanyana le liboko tsa tsona, liboko le likhofu, 'me lebopong linonyana tse joalo li tšoasa li-crustaceans tse nyane le li-molluscs.
Hoa thahasellisa! Curlew ea Tahiti e na le mefuta e sa tloaelehang ea phepo e sa kenyeletseng likokoanyana feela, likho, litholoana le lipalesa, empa hape le mekholutsoane, setopo, mahe le liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nyane. Linonyana li phunya khetla ea lehe ka ho e lihela fatše kapa majoe.
Lesea curlew le sebelisa tse se nang lesapo la mokokotlo e le lijo, tse tsongoang ke baemeli ba mofuta ona seretseng se bonolo, mme karolelano ea curlew nakong ea lehlabula e fepa feela monokotsoai oa crowberry e ntšo. Mariha, li-curlews tse mahareng li lula naheng, moo li jang haholo-holo likokoanyana le liboko, likhoho kapa liboko. Ha li le lebopong, linonyana tse joalo li ja makhala, li-shrimp, li-amphipod le li-mollusk tsa leoatleng.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Monyane oa Bochabela bo Hōle o fihlela kholo ea thobalano a le lilemo li peli... Nakong ea nako ea ho ikatisa, e lula libakeng tse nyane, e beha sehlaha sa eona khatellong ea maikutlo har'a limela kapa mokokotlong. Hangata clutch e le 'ngoe e na le mahe a mane,' me batsoali ka bobeli ba kopantsoe. Libakeng tsa lihlaha, linonyana tse joalo li fumaneha ho tloha ka Mots'eanong, mme litsuonyana li tsoaloa lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng tsa Phuptjane.
Clutch ea curlew e bohareng e emeloa ke mahe a mararo kapa a mane a fawn e sootho, e sootho kapa e lefifi ea mohloaare e nang le matheba a lefifi a fapaneng ka boholo, sebopeho, botenya le matla. E tšehali le e tona li nka karolo polokelong ea libeke tse 'ne. Litsuonyana li hlaha qetellong ea Mots'eanong, 'me li ikemela ka sePhupu.
Sehlaha sa curlew se mosesane o monyane ke mokoti o monyane fatše, o koahetsoeng hanyane ke limela tsa joang. Clutch e ngoe le e ngoe e na le mahe a mane a botala ba mohloaare a se nang matheba a maholo a sootho.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Lihlaha, tse hahiloeng ke mefuta e meng libakeng tse bulehileng, hangata li hlaseloa ke lintja tse lahlehileng, 'me maemong a mang, clutch e bolaoa ke likhohola tsa selemo. Lekhoaba le liphokojoe, libatana tse kholo tsa mobu le moea le tsona li ka beha bana kotsing. Palo ea baahi ba li-curlews tsohle e ntse e fokotseha ka lebelo le phahameng haholo, e leng ka lebaka la likhohola tsa metsi, metsi a mangata libakeng tse mabalane, nts'etsopele ea libaka tse kholo tsa ho lema kapa mesebetsi ea temo, le timetso e mafolofolo ea tikoloho ea linonyana.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Ho tloha bohareng ba lekholo la lilemo le fetileng, palo ea baemeli ba mefuta e meng ea li-curlews e ntse e fokotseha butle-butle. Sebakeng sa libaka tse ngata, li-curlews li thathamisitsoe bukeng e khubelu, 'me setšoantšo sa curlew se tšesaane se ka bonoa ho tšoantšetso ea Russian Bird Conservation Union.
