Arkhangelsk Pomors le batšoasi ba litlhapi ba Iceland ba khabisitse matlo a bona ka ho fanyeha lihlooho tsa liphiri tse omisitsoeng siling, eo melomo ea eona e meholo e fofang e khahlileng tlhokomelo ea baeti.
Tlhaloso ea catfish
Litlhapi tsena tse kholo tse kang noha li shebahala joalo ka li-moray eel le li-eel, empa ha li bonahale li le kamanong e haufi le tsona.... Catfish (Anarhichadidae) e lula metsing a futhumetseng / a batang a lefatše le ka leboea mme ke a lelapa la litlhapi tse hlatsoitsoeng ka ray tsa Perciformes.
Ponahalo
Catfish e na le lebitso le tsebahalang - ntho ea pele e hohelang mahlo ha u kopana le eona ke meno a mabe a kaholimo, a tsoa molomong feela. Mehlahare ea catfish, joalo ka liphoofolong tse ngata tse tšoereng lefu, e khutsufalitsoe ka pele mme mesifa e hlafunang e hlahella ka mokhoa oa maqhutsu. Catfish e kholo e ja kharafu kapa hakisi ea ho ts'oasa litlhapi ntle le khatello ea maikutlo, empa hangata e sebelisa meno a eona molemong oa eona - e thunya likhetla le likhetla. Ha ho makatse hore meno a senyeha kapele 'me hang ka selemo (hangata mariha) a oa, ho fana ka sebaka sa a macha a felisang ka botlalo kamora khoeli le halofo.
Catfish kaofela e na le mmele o molelele o kobehang haholo ha o tsamaya. Ka tsela eo, ho fetoha ha maemo ha 'mele le ho eketseha ha bolelele ho ile ha khoneha ka lebaka la tahlehelo ea mapheoana a sefuba. Taba ea hore baholo-holo ba hole ba ne ba e-na le mapheo a noka e pakoa ke masapo a noka a catfish ea kajeno e hokahantsoeng le senyepa sa mahetla. Mefuta eohle ea catfish e na le mapheoana a nako e telele a sa sebetsoang, mokokotlo le anal, le mapheoana a maholo a sebopeho sa fan. Lephegwana la hlapi (le le kgadikwe goba le omilwe bjalo ka la dihlapi tše ntši tšeo di ruthago ka go nanya) le hweditšwe go tšwa mapheong ka moka. Mefuta e meng ea catfish e hola ho fihla ho 2,5 m ka boima ba lik'hilograma tse 50.
Botho le mokhoa oa bophelo
“Lehata le sosobane 'me le boputsoa joaloka lamunu e bolileng. Thamo e tšoana le seso se sa khaotseng, se nang le melomo e meholo e ruruhileng e hasaneng bophara bohle. Ka mora molomo u ka bona meno a matla le molomo o se nang mohohlo, oo ho bonahalang o batla o o metsa ka ho sa feleng ... ”- ke kamoo McDaniel, MoCanada a tšabang monster botebong ba limithara tse 20 metsing a British Columbia, a phethileng ka kopano ea hae le tlhapi ea tlhapi ea Pacific.
Litlhapi tsohle tsa catfish li phela bophelo bo tlase: ke mona moo li batlang lijo, eseng ho nyelisa libopuoa life kapa life tse phelang. Ha shoalane e tšoara, litlhapi li ea tsoma, e le hore li khutlele mahaheng a tsona a khutsitseng ha letsatsi le chaba. Ha nako ea mariha e ntse e atamela, catfish e teba haholoanyane.
Hoa thahasellisa! Sekhahla sa kholo ea liphiri tsa Atlantic se lekana ka kotloloho le botebo boo li bo bolokang. Botebong bo boholo, tlhapi e tšoeu ea Leoatleng le Lecha ka lilemo tse 7 e hola ka karolelano ho fihlela ho 37 cm, Leoatle la Barents le metsero - ho fihla ho cm 54, le bonoe - ho fihlela ho 63 cm, le putsoa - ho fihlela ho 92 cm.
Catfish e nang le mabala e sesa hodimo hlabula ho feta mariha, empa (ho fapana le catfish e methalo) e tsamaea libaka tse telele. Catfish e tloaelehileng e rata ho phomola mapetsong a majoe har'a bolele, e sa e etsise ka 'mala feela (methapo e parolang ka bokamoso bo sootho), empa hape le ka ho sisinyeha ha' mele o ntseng o thekesela butle. Botebong boo katse e metsero e katang nakong ea mariha, metopa e ea fifala 'me e batla e sa bonahale,' me 'mala ka kakaretso o fumana bosehla bo bonyenyane.
Ha ho makatse hore ebe catfish e metsero e bitsoa phiri ea leoatle (Anarhichas lupus): eona, joalo ka catfish e ngoe, hangata e sebelisa menoana a matla, e itšireletsa ho lits'oants'o tse mabifi le lira tsa kantle. Batšoasi ba litlhapi ba nang le boiphihlelo ba tšoara litlhapi tse tšoasitsoeng ka hloko, kaha li li otla ka thata ebe lia loma haholo.
Ke catfish tse kae tse phelang
Ho lumeloa hore litlhapi tsa batho ba baholo ba liphiri, ba phonyoha ka thabo lisebelisoa tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi, ba khona ho phela ho fihlela lilemo tse 18-20.
Hoa thahasellisa! Catfish ke phofu e lalang. Ho qholotsa ho loma ka molamu o ohla, litlhapi li qhekelloa pele. Lipaki tse boneng ka mahlo li bolela hore catfish ha e na teka-tekano ka ho tlanya teba holim'a lejoe. Bakeng sa mokhoa ona, lebitso le ile la qaptjoa - ho ts'oaroa ka ho kokota.
Dimorphism ea thobalano
Catfish e tshehadi e nyane ho tse tona mme e mmala o motsho hanyane. Ho phaella moo, basali ha ba na ho ruruha ho pota-pota mahlo a bona, melomo ea bona ha e ruruhe haholo, 'me lesela la bona ha le tsejoe haholo.
Mefuta ea catfish
Lelapa le na le mefuta e mehlano, e meraro ea eona (catfish e tloaelehileng, e nang le mabala le e putsoa) e lula karolong e ka leboea ea Leoatle la Atlantic, 'me tse peli (Far East le eel-like) li khethile metsi a leboea a Leoatle la Pacific.
Litlhapi tse metsero (Anarhichas lupus)
Baemeli ba mofuta ona ba hlometse ka meno a tsoetseng pele a lefuba, a khethollang catfish ena ho tloha ho letheba le boputsoa. Mohlahareng o ka tlase meno a sutumetsoa morao haholo, e leng se nolofalletsang ho silakanya likhetla tse nang le khatello ea khatello ho tloha mohlahareng o kaholimo. Hape, litlhapi tse metsero li nyane ho feta tse bonojoana le tse putsoa - mehlala e hlahelletseng ha e hōle ho feta 1.25 m ka boima ba 21 kg.
Wolffish e Bontšitsoeng (Anarhichas e monyane)
E lula maemong a mahareng lipakeng tsa katse e putsoa le e metsero. Spotted catfish hangata e kholo ho feta methalo, empa e tlase ka boholo ho ea boputsoa, e hola ho fihlela ho 1.45 m ka boima ba lik'hilograma tse fetang 30. Meno a tubercular a catfish e nang le mabala ha a ntlafatse hanyane ho feta a catfish e metsero, mme mola oa hlatsa ha o tlohe sebakeng se fetang mela ea palatine. Litlhapi tsa phiri tse nang le mabala li khabisitsoe ka metopa e sephara le e metšo e sephara, e kenang libakeng tse ka thoko nakong ea phetoho ho ea tikolohong e tlase. Mabala a arohane, 'me haeba a kopantsoe ho ba metopa, ebe a arohana ho fapana le a katse e metsero.
Catfish e putsoa (Anarhichas latifrons)
E bonts'a sebopeho se fokolang sa meno a nang le lefuba, moo mola oa hlatsa o khuts'oane haholo ho feta mela ea palatal, ha e ntse e le telele ho catfish e ngoe. Motho e moholo ea leputsoa ea katse ea katse e phahama ho fihla ho limithara tse 1,4 ka boima ba lik'hilograma tse 32.
E boetse e tsejoa ka litlhapi tse khahlisang haholoanyane, bonyane bolelele ba limithara tse 2. Catfish e putsoa e pentiloe hoo e batlang e le monochrome, ka lithane tse lefifi tse nang le matheba a sa hlakileng, eo sehlopha sa eona se nang le methapo se batlang se sa khethollehe.
Phiri ea Bochabela bo Hare (Anarhichas orientalis)
Phiri ea Bochabela bo Hōle e hola ho fihla bonyane limithara tse 1,15. E khetholloa har'a phiri ea Atlantic ka palo e kholo ea li-vertebrae (86-88) le mahlaseli a mophetho oa anal (53-55). Meno a methapo a matla haholo, a lumellang motho e moholo ho silakanya likhetla tse teteaneng haholo. Mebala e lefifi ho bacha ha e ea mose ho maoatle, empa 'meleng: ha litlhapi li ntse li hola, li ea libakeng tsa lehae, tseo hamorao li lahleheloang ke ho hlaka le ho nyamela lefifing le tiileng.
Litlhapi tsa Eel (Anarhichthys ocellatus)
E fapane ka mokhoa o makatsang le catfish e setseng, ke ka hona e khetholloang ka mofuta o khethehileng. Ka sebopeho sa hlooho le sebopeho sa meno, catfish e kang eel e tšoana le Bochabela bo Hōle, empa e na le 'mele o molelele haholo o nang le palo e kholo (tse fetang 200) ea li-vertebrae le mahlaseli a mapheoana a ka morao / a morao.
Catfish e kang eel e boemong ba batho ba baholo hangata e fihla ho 2,5 m.Lihlapi tsa mofuta ona li metsero ka ho felletseng ka bolelele, empa hamorao metopa e fetoha matheba a lulang a khanya ho fihlela qetellong ea bophelo ba litlhapi.
Habitat, habitats
Catfish ke litlhapi tsa metsing tse lulang libakeng tse futhumetseng le tse batang tsa lefatše le ka leboea.... Catfish e rata shelefo ea k'honthinente mme e lula maemong a eona a tlase botebong bo boholo.
Mefuta e mengata ea litlhapi tse metsero e koahela:
- lefapha la bophirima la Leoatle la Baltic le karolo e 'ngoe ea Leboea;
- Lihlekehleke tsa Faroe le Shetland;
- leboea ho hloahloa ea Kola;
- Norway, Iceland le Greenland;
- Libaka tsa Motovsky le Kola;
- Sehlekehleke sa Bear;
- lebōpo le ka bophirimela la Spitsbergen;
- Leoatle la Atlantic la Amerika Leboea.
Mefuta ena ea catfish le eona e lula Barents le White Sea. Ho sisinyeha ha likhaba ho lekanyelitsoe ho fihla lebopong le ho fetela botebong (ho fihlela ho 0,45 km).
Hoa thahasellisa! Phiri e nang le mabala e tšoaroa sebakeng se le seng le e tloaelehileng (ntle le Leoatle la Baltic, moo e sa keneng ho hang), empa libakeng tse ka leboea e ntse e atile haholo ho feta tse ka boroa. Haufi le lebopo la Iceland, ho na le li-catfish tse metsero tse 20 ho catfish e le 'ngoe e nang le letheba.
E phela joalo ka catfish e ngoe, lebopong la k'honthinente, empa e qoba lebopo le bolele, e khetha ho lula ka bongata, ho fihlela halofo ea kilomitara, botebo. Sebaka sa catfish e putsoa se hokahana le sebaka sa phiri e nang le mabala, empa ho fapana le mefuta e meng, e tsamaea ka mafolofolo ho feta libaka tse telele mme e phela botebong bo holimo ho fihla ho 1 km.
Catfish ea Bochabela bo Hare e fumaneha Norton Bay, haufi le lihlekehleke tsa Aleutian, Commander le Pribylov, hape le lebopong la leoatle ho tloha hoo e ka bang. Hokkaido (ka boroa) ho lebopong le ka bochabela la Kamchatka (ka leboea). Eel Wolf e fumaneha lebopong la Pacific la Amerika Leboea ho tloha California ho ea Alaska (Sehlekehleke sa Kodiak).
Lijo tsa catfish
Baphaphathehi ba fumana catfish ho tsoa mekgobo ea likhetla / likhetla tse se nang letho tse bokelletsoeng pela mahaha a ka tlasa metsi... Li-molar tse matla le li-canine tse tšosang li hlokahala ke catfish ho sila libopuoa tse apereng lihlomo tsa calcined kapa chitin.
Lijo tse ratoang haholo tsa catfish:
- li-crustaceans, ho kenyelletsa le makhala;
- shellfish;
- Metsoakoana a leoatle;
- linaleli tsa leoatle;
- likhofu;
- jellyfish;
- hlapi.
Hoa thahasellisa! Ka meno a eona, catfish e tabola tlase ea li-echinoderms, li-molluscs le li-crustaceans tse khomaretsoeng ho eona, 'me ka meno a eona e tabola / e silakanya likhetla le likhetla tsa tsona. Ha meno a fetoha, litlhapi li lapa kapa li hlafuna phofu e sa koaeloang ke khetla.
Mefuta e fapaneng ea catfish e na le lithahasello tsa eona tsa gastronomic: mohlala, catfish e metsero ha e na thahasello ho litlhapi, empa e rata li-mollusk (tse nkoang e le sefi se setle ka ho fetisisa ha o tšoasa litlhapi ka lihakisi). Litakatso tsa catfish tse nang le mabala li ts'oana le litakatso tsa catfish e metsero, ntle le hore tse pele li sekametse hanyane ho li-molluscs, le tse ling ho echinoderms (starfish, ophiuria le li-urchins tsa leoatle).
Phiri ea Bochabela bo Hōle e lulang merung e mabopong e ja li-echinoderms, li-molluscs, litlhapi le li-crustaceans. Mekhoa ea ho fepa ea catfish e putsoa e lekantsoe ho jellyfish, li-jellies tsa khekheng le litlhapi: liphoofolo tse ling (li-crustaceans, echinoderms mme haholo-holo li-molluscs) ha li fumanehe hangata lijong tsa eona. Ka lebaka la lijo tse bobebe, meno a catfish ha a foforehe, leha a fetoha selemo se seng le se seng.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Hang bophelong bohle, tlhapi e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e tona e mamella ntoa e khethollang pheletso ea eona: haeba sephetho se atlehile, monna o hapa mofumahali, eo a bolokang botšepehi ba hae ho fihlela a phefumoloha la ho qetela. Banna ba ntoeng e joalo ba kokota lihlooho, ba loma mohanyetsi ka meno tseleng. Melomo e metenya le maqhubu a maholo ho pota mahlo a boloka li-duelists maqeba a tebileng, empa mabali lihloohong tsa bona a ntse a le teng.
Ho hlahisa mefuta e fapaneng ea catfish ho fapana ka lintlha. E tshehadi e metsero ya katse e tswala mahe ho tloha ho mahe a 600 ho ya ho a 40 000 (bophara ba 5-7 mm), e itshwarella ka bolo e kgomarelang tlase. Libakeng tse ka boroa, ho qhala ho hlaha mariha, libakeng tse ka leboea - hlabula. Banna ba lebela clutch, empa eseng nako e telele, kaha mahe a emolisitsoeng a hola butle, mme tse nyane tse kholo (17-25 mm) li hlaha feela nakong ea selemo.
Kamora ho qhotsa, Fry e phahama ho tloha tlase, e atamela holim 'a leoatle, empa e hola ho fihlela ho 6-7 cm, e boetse e teba ho ea tlase mme ha e so ka e fumanoa karolong ea metsi.
Bohlokoa! Ha ba ntse ba hola, lijo tseo ba li tloaetseng, plankton, li nkeloa sebaka ke lijo tsa batho ba baholo, ho kenyeletsoa tlhapi ea likhofu, makhala, li-starfish, makhala, ophiur le li-urchins tsa leoatleng.
Catfish catfish e bolelele ba limithara tse 0,9-1.2 ho tloha ho mahe a likete tse 12 ho isa ho tse 50, bophara bo lekana le mahe a catfish e tloaelehileng. Li boetse li theha lithupa tse chitja, empa tsa morao, ho fapana le tsa tlhapi e metsero, li fumaneha botebong (ka tlase ho limithara tse 100) le hole le lebopo. Fry e phahama haholo mme e lula hole le lebopo ho feta fry ea phiri e metsero, mme phetoho ea bona ho ea boteng bo tlase e phomola haholoanyane.
Catfish e tšehali e tšehali, e bolelele ba limithara tse 1,12-1.24, e hlahisa ho tloha mahe a 23 ho isa ho a 29 a likete tse (6-7 mm ka bophara), e li hlahisa hlabula, hoetla kapa selemo, empa ha ho motho ea so ka a fumana clutch ea mofuta ona. Pomors e bitsa bahlolohali ba blue catfish, hobane ke batho feela ba sa ts'oaroang ba tšoaroang Leoatleng la Barents. Li-catfish tse nyane tse putsoa ha li potlake ho ea bophelong bo tlase, 'me litlhapi tsa pele li fumanoa litlhapi tse sa ts'oaroang pejana ho feta ha li hola ho fihlela ho 0,6-0.7 m. Catfish ea Bochabela bo Hare e tsoala hlabula, mme kamora ho qhibiliha ho sesa ho ea holim'a metsi a leoatle. Ho latela litsebi tsa ichthyologists, li-fry tse ka bang 200 tse tsoang ho clutch li phela ho fihlela bohlankaneng.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Litlhapi tsohle tse jang nama tsa leoatleng li ja litlhapi tsa bompoli ba bacha, 'me batho ba baholo ba sokeloa ke litiiso (metsing a leboea) le lishaka tse kholo tse tlase, tse sa ferekanngoeng ke boholo ba litlhapi tsa liphiri le meno a tsona a tšabehang.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Leha ho na le ho theoha hoa palo ea batho ba litlhapi tsohle tse bobebe, boemo ba bona ha bo bobe joalo ka ho susumetsa mekhatlo ea paballo hore e be lethathamong la liphiri tse bukeng e khubelu. Empa kaha ho theoha ha lipalo ho bakiloe haholo ke ho ts'oasa litlhapi ho feta tekano, linaha tse ngata li se li qalile ho laola ho tšoasoa ha litlhapi tsa catfish.
Ho tla boela ho be monate:
- Litlhapi tse putsoa
- Litlhapi tsa Sturgeon
- Salemone
- Salmone e pinki
Boleng ba khoebo
Nama e nang le metsi ka ho fetesisa, leha e na le vithamine A e ngata, e ka hara 'catfish' e putsoa, empa tse matheba le methalo li monate ka mefuta e fapaneng - e halikiloeng, e phehiloe, e tsuba, e letsoai ebile e omisitsoe. Catfish caviar ha e mpe ho feta saalm sa chum, 'me sebete se monate.
Hoa thahasellisa! Pejana, lihlooho, mapheoana le masapo a catfish a ne a sebelisoa e le fepa ea liphoofolo tse ruiloeng, a eketsa (haholo-holo) mafura a lebese la khomo, le bile e nkile sebaka sa sesepa. Hona joale ho tsoa matlalong a catfish e bonoang ba etsa mekotla, litlhōrō tsa lieta tse bobebe, libuka tse tlamang le tse ling.
Catfish e ratoa haholo Sakhalin - e na le nama e tšoeu, e mafura le e monate ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang ntle le likokoana-hloko. Ha ho na tlhahiso ea khoebo, empa batšoasi ba litlhapi ba lehae ba thabetse ho ts'oasa litlhapi tsa ntja (joalo ka ha catfish e bitsoa mona).
