Marlin Ke mofuta oa litlhapi tse kholo, tse nko tse telele tsa metsing tse khetholloang ka mmele o molelele, hlooho e telele ea mokokotlo le sefene se chitja se tsoang molomong. Ke batho ba leleme ba fumanoang ho potoloha lefatše haufi le bokaholimo ba leoatle hape ke liphoofolo tse jang nama tse jang haholo litlhapi tse ling. Li jeoa ebile li ratoa haholo ke batšoasi ba lipapali.
Tšimoloho ea mofuta le tlhaloso
Setšoantšo: Marlin
Marlin ke setho sa lelapa la marlin, taelo e kang ea pherekano.
Hangata ho na le mefuta e mene e meholo ea marlin:
- Marlin o moputsoa o fumanoang lefatšeng ka bophara ke tlhapi e kholo haholo, ka linako tse ling e le boima ba 450 kg kapa ho feta. Ke phoofolo e putsoa e lefifi e nang le mpa ea silevera 'me hangata e metenya e bobebe. Blue marlin e tloaetse ho teba le ho khathala kapele ho feta maballo a mang;
- marlin e ntšo e ba kholo kapa e kholo ho feta putsoa. E tsebahala ka boima ba lik'hilograma tse fetang 700. Indo-Pacific e putsoa kapa e putsoa e bobebe, e putsoa ka holimo mme e bobebe ka tlase. Maphegwana a yona a sa swanego ao a sa swanego a maphego a khupeditšwe gomme a ka se thetege ka ntle le matla;
- marlin e metsero, tlhapi e 'ngoe Indo-Pacific, e boputsoa kaholimo le e tšoeu ka tlase ka metopa e otlolohileng. Hangata ha e fete lik'hilograma tse 125. Marlin e metsero e tsebahala ka bokhoni ba eona ba ho loana mme e tsebahala ka ho qeta nako e ngata moeeng ho feta metsing kamora ho ts'oaroa. Li tsejoa ka ho matha nako e telele le ho tsamaea mohatla;
- Marlin e tšoeu (M. albida kapa T. albidus) e moeling oa Atlantic mme e na le botala bo boputsoa ka 'mala le mpa e bobebe le metopa e otlolohileng e emeng ka mahlakoreng. Boima ba eona bo boholo bo ka ba lik'hilograma tse 45. Marlins tse tšoeu, leha e le mofuta o monyane ka ho fetesisa, tse boima bo sa feteng 100 kg, li batloa ka lebaka la lebelo la tsona, bokhoni ba ho tlola ka bokhabane le ho rarahana ha sefi le ho li ts'oasa.
Ponahalo le likarolo
Setšoantšo: Marlin e shebahala joang
Lipontšo tsa marlin e putsoa ke tse latelang:
- Lepheo la mokokotlo le ka pele le sa fihleleng botebo ba mmele;
- Lepheo la pectoral (lehlakoreng) ha le thata, empa le ka meneha ho leba 'meleng;
- mokokotlo oa 'mala o moputsoa oa cobalt o bosoeu. Phoofolo e na le methalo e putsoa e putsoa e lulang e nyamela kamora lefu;
- sebopeho se akaretsang sa mmele ke sekontiri.
Taba e khahlisang: Black marlin ka linako tse ling e bitsoa "poho ea leoatleng" ka lebaka la matla a eona a fetelletseng, boholo bo boholo le mamello e makatsang ha e ts'oeroe. Ho hlakile hore tsena tsohle li li etsa tlhapi e ratoang haholo. Ka linako tse ling ba ka ba le leru le letala le koahelang 'mele ea bona, ho bolelang hore ka linako tse ling ba bitsoa "silver marlin".
Video: Marlin
Lipontšo tsa marlin e ntšo:
- Lepheo le tlase la mokokotlo ha le bapisoa le botebo ba 'mele (bo bonyenyane ho feta maballo a mangata);
- molomo le mmele o mokgutshwane hofeta mefuta emeng;
- mokokotlo o moputsoa o lefifi o nyamela mpeng ea silevera;
- Mapheoana a thata a pectoral a sitoang ho mena.
White marlin e bonolo ho elelloa. Mona ke seo u lokelang ho se batla:
- Lepheo la mokokotlo le chitja, hangata le feta botebo ba 'mele;
- bobebe, ka linako tse ling 'mala o motala;
- matheba ka mpeng, hammoho le mapheong a mokokotlo le ka morao.
Litšobotsi tsa marlin e metsero ke tse latelang:
- Lepheo la mokokotlo, le ka bang bophahamo ba mmele oa lona;
- metopa e bobebe bo bobebe ea bonahala, e salang le kamora lefu;
- 'mele o mosesaane, o petelitsoe haholoanyane;
- Mapheoana a sefahleho a hlakileng a hlakileng.
Marlin o lula hokae?
Setšoantšo: Marlin Leoatleng la Atlantic
Li-marlins tse putsoa ke litlhapi tsa pelagic, empa ha li fumanehe hangata ka metsing a leoatle ka tlase ho limithara tse 100. Ha e bapisoa le mabala a mang, 'mala o moputsoa o ajoa haholo libakeng tsa tropike. Li ka fumanoa metsing a ka bochabela le bophirima ho Australia mme ho latela maqhubu a leoatle a futhumetseng, ho ea boroa ho Tasmania. Blue marlin e ka fumanoa Leoatleng la Pacific le la Atlantic. Litsebi tse ling li lumela hore marlin e putsoa e fumanoang maoatleng a Pacific le Atlantic ke mefuta e 'meli e fapaneng, leha maikutlo ana a hanyetsoa. Ho bonahala eka taba ke hore ka kakaretso ho na le marlin a mangata Pacific ho feta Atlantic.
Hangata marlin e ntšo e fumanoa libakeng tsa tropike tsa Indian le Pacific. Li sesa metsing a lebopong le ho potoloha mafika le lihlekehleke, empa hape li solla maoatleng a phahameng. Ke ka seoelo li tlang metsing a futhumetseng, ka linako tse ling li tsamaea ho potoloha Cape of Good Hope ho ea Atlantic.
Marlins a masoeu a lula metsing a tropike le a futhumetseng a Atlantic, ho kenyeletsoa le Gulf of Mexico, Caribbean le Western Mediterranean. Hangata li ka fumanoa metsing a sa tebang haufi le lebopo.
Marlin e metsero e fumanoa metsing a chesang a mongobo le a futhumetseng a Leoatle la Pacific le la India. Marlin e metsero ke mefuta ea pelagic e fallang haholo e fumanehang botebong ba limithara tse 289. Ha li bonahale hangata ka metsing a lebopong, ntle le ha ho na le ho theoha ho hoholo metsing a tebileng. Marlin e metsero e lula e le mong, empa e theha lihlopha tse nyane nakong ea ho hlahisa. Di tsoma diphofu metsing a hodimo bosiu.
Joale ua tseba hore na marlin o lula kae. A re boneng hore na tlhapi ena e ja eng.
Marlin o ja eng?
Setšoantšo: Litlhapi tsa Marlin
Blue marlin ke hlapi e ikemetseng e tsejoang ka ho falla khafetsa ka linako tse ling tsa selemo, e leba equator mariha le lehlabula. Li ja litlhapi tsa epipelagic ho kenyelletsa mackerel, sardines le li-anchovies. Li ka boela tsa ja li-squid le li-crustaceans tse nyane ha li fuoa monyetla. Marlins a maputsoa ke a mang a litlhapi tse lebelo ka ho fetisisa leoatleng mme ba sebelisa molomo oa bona ho poma likolo tse teteaneng ebe ba khutlela ho ja bahlaseluoa ba bona ba maketse le ba lemetseng.
Black marlin ke sehlohlolong sa liphoofolo tse jang tse ling tse jang haholo-holo tuna e nyane, empa hape le litlhapi tse ling, squid, cuttlefish, octopus esita le li-crustaceans tse kholo. Se hlalosoang e le "tlhapi e nyane" ke mohopolo o lekanyelitsoeng, haholo ha o nahana hore marlin e kholo e boima ba lik'hilograma tse 500 e fumanoe e na le tuna e boima ba lik'hilograma tse 50 ka mpeng.
Taba e khahlisang: Liphuputso tse tsoang lebopong le ka bochabela la Australia li bonts'a hore litlhapi tse ntšo tsa marlin lia eketseha nakong ea khoeli e felletseng le libeke kamora hore mefuta ea liphoofolo tse jang nama e suthele hōle le bokaholimo, e qobella marlin ho fula sebakeng se pharaletseng.
Marlin e tšoeu e fepa litlhapi tse fapaneng haufi le bokaholimo nakong ea motšehare, ho kenyeletsoa mackerel, herring, dolphin le litlhapi tse fofang, hammoho le squid le makhala.
Marlin e metsero ke sebatana se matla haholo, e fepa litlhapi tse nyane tse fapaneng le liphoofolo tsa metsing tse joalo ka mackerel, squid, sardine, anchovies, tlhapi ea lanceolate, sardine le tuna. Li tsoma libakeng tse tsoang botebong ba leoatle ho isa botebong ba limithara tse 100. Ho fapana le mefuta e meng ea marlin, marlin e metsero e kuta phofu ea eona ka molomo ho e-na le ho e phunya.
Likarolo tsa semelo le mokhoa oa bophelo
Setšoantšo: Blue Marlin
Marlin ke tlhapi e mabifi, e jang nama haholo e arabelang hantle ha e phatloha le ho tsamaea ho tsoa lerabeng la maiketsetso le hlahisitsoeng hantle.
Taba e khahlisangHo tšoasa marlin ke e 'ngoe ea liphephetso tse khahlisang ho angler efe kapa efe. Marlin o potlakile, o baatlelete mme o ka ba kholo haholo. Marlin e metsero ke tlhapi ea bobeli e lebelo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, e sesa ka lebelo ho fihla ho 80 km / h. Lebelo la marlins a matšo le a maputsoa le lona le siea boholo ba litlhapi tse ling li ba setse morao.
Hang ha li ts'oeroe, marlins a bonts'a bokhoni ba acrobatic bo tšoaneloang ke ballerina - kapa mohlomong ho ka nepahala ho li bapisa le poho. Ba tants'a mme ba tlolela moeeng qetellong ea mohala oa hau, ba fa angler ntoa ea bophelo ba hae. Ha ho makatse hore ebe ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa marlin ho na le boemo bo makatsang har'a li-anglers ho pota lefatše.
Marlin e metsero ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa ea litlhapi e nang le boits'oaro bo khahlisang.:
- litlhapi tsena li lula li le bang ka tlhaho 'me hangata li lula li le bang;
- ba theha lihlopha tse nyane nakong ea ho tsoala;
- mofuta ona o tsoma motshehare;
- ba sebelisa molomo oa bona o molelele bakeng sa ho tsoma le ho itšireletsa;
- litlhapi tsena hangata li bonoa li sesa ho potoloha le libolo tsa ho cheha (litlhapi tse nyane li sesa ka sebopeho se chitja), li etsa hore li hulele pele. Ka mor'a moo li sesa ka bolo e lebelo, li tšoara liphofu tse fokolang.
Moralo oa sechaba le tlhahiso
Setšoantšo: Atlantic Marlin
Marlin e putsoa ke mojaki ea tsoang khafetsa mme ka hona ha ho tsejoe hanyane ka linako tsa ho tsoala le boits'oaro. Leha ho le joalo, li ngata haholo, li hlahisa mahe a fihlang ho 500 000 ka nako e 'ngoe le e' ngoe e qhotsang. Ba ka phela ho fihlela lilemo tse 20. Marlins a maputsoa a hlaha bohareng ba Pacific le bohareng ba Mexico. Ba rata mocheso oa metsi o pakeng tsa 20 le 25 likhato tsa Celsius mme ba qeta boholo ba nako ea bona pela metsi.
Libaka tse tsebahalang tsa ho hlahisa tse ntšo tsa marlin, tse ipapisitse le boteng ba liboko le bana, li lekantsoe libakeng tse futhumetseng tsa tropike ha mocheso oa metsi o le haufi le 27-28 ° C. Ho tsoala ho hlaha ka linako tse ikhethileng libakeng tse ikhethang ka bophirima le leboea la Leoatle la Pacific, Leoatleng la India lebokoseng le ka leboea-bophirima ho Exmouth mme hangata Leoatleng la Coral ho tloha Great Barrier Reef haufi le Cairns ka Mphalane le Pulungoana. Mona, boitšoaro bo belaelloang ba pelehi bo ile ba bonoa ha tse tšehali "tse kholo" li lateloa ke tse tona tse nyane. Palo ea mahe a basali ba batšo ba marlin e ka feta limilione tse 40 tlhapi ka 'ngoe.
Strip marlin e fihla bohlankaneng ha e le lilemo li 2-3. Tse tona di hola kapele ho feta tse tshehadi. Ho tsoala ho hlaha hlabula. Li-marlins tse metsero ke liphoofolo tse nyallanang tse phetang khafetsa tseo tse tšehali li ntšang mahe matsatsing a mang le a mang a seng makae, ka liketsahalo tsa ho hlahisa tse 4-41 tse etsahalang nakong ea ho beleha. Tse tshehadi di ka hlahisa mahe a fihlang ho dimilione tse 120 ka sehla sa tswalo. Ts'ebetso ea ho hlahisa marlin e tšoeu ha e so ka e ithutoa ka botlalo. Ho tsebahala feela hore ho beleha ho hlaha hlabula metsing a tebileng a leoatle ka mocheso o phahameng oa bokaholimo.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa marlins
Setšoantšo: Big Marlin
Marlins ha a na lira tse ling tsa tlhaho ntle le batho ba li kotulang khoebong. E 'ngoe ea litlhapi tse hloahloa ka ho fetesisa lefatšeng ka bophara tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi e etsahala metsing a futhumetseng a Leoatle la Pacific ho potoloha Hawaii. Mohlomong marlin e putsoa haholo e ts'oeroe mona ho feta kae kapa kae lefatšeng, 'me tse ling tsa marlin tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tse kileng tsa tlalehoa li tšoeroe sehlekehlekeng sena. Toropo ea bophirima ea Kona e tsebahala lefatšeng ka ho tšoasa litlhapi tse marlin, eseng feela bakeng sa makhetlo a ho tšoasa litlhapi tse kholo, empa hape le boiphihlelo le boiphihlelo ba batsamaisi ba eona ba ka sehloohong.
Ho tloha mafelong a Hlakubele ho isa Phupu, likepe tsa charter tse sebetsang ho tloha Cozumel le Cancun li kopana le bongata ba marlin e putsoa le e tšoeu, hammoho le litlhapi tse ling tse tšoeu tse kang likepe tse tsamaeang ka metsi a futhumetseng a Gulf Stream ho ea sebakeng seo. Blue marlin hangata e nyane mona ho feta Pacific bohareng. Leha ho le joalo, ha litlhapi li le nyane, e ba moatlelete haholo, kahoo motšoasi oa litlhapi o ntse a tla iphumana a le ntoeng e khahlisang.
Marlin oa pele e motšo ea kileng a ts'oaroa moleng 'me a ts'oaroa a ts'oaroa ke ngaka ea Sydney e neng e ts'oasa lihlapi ho tsoa Port Stephens, New South Wales ka 1913. Hajoale, lebopo le ka bochabela la Australia ke sebaka sa ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa marlin, 'me marlin e putsoa le e ntšo e atisang ho ts'oaroa litsing tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi sebakeng seo.
Great Barrier Reef ke eona feela sebaka se netefalitsoeng sa ho ikatisetsa marlin e ntšo, se etsang hore Australia bochabela e be e 'ngoe ea libaka tse tummeng ka ho fetisisa tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi lefatšeng ka bophara.
Marlin e metsero ke moetlo oa litlhapi tsa leruarua New Zealand, leha li-anglers ka linako tse ling li tšoasa marlin e putsoa moo. Ebile, ho ts'oaroa ha marlin e putsoa Pacific ho eketsehile lilemong tse leshome tse fetileng. Hona joale li lula li fumaneha likoung tsa lihlekehleke. Waihau Bay le Cape Runaway ke libaka tse tsebahalang haholo tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa marlin.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Setšoantšo: Marlin e shebahala joang
Ho latela tlhahlobo ea 2016, marlin ea buluu ea Pacific ha e fuoe ho feta tekano. Litlhahlobo tsa baahi ba Pacific marlin e putsoa li ntse li etsoa ke Sehlopha sa Ts'ebetso sa Billfish, letsoho la Komiti ea Machaba ea Saense ea li-tuna le mefuta e kang ea tuna ho la Pacific Leboea.
Marlin e tšoeu ea bohlokoa ke e 'ngoe ea litlhapi tse sebelisoang hampe ka ho fetisisa leoatleng le bulehileng. Ke taba ea boiteko bo matla ba kaho ea machabeng. Patlisiso e ncha e se e bonts'a hore mofuta o ts'oanang, tlhapi e pota-potileng ea metsi a letsoai, e ikarabella bakeng sa tlhapi e batlang e phahame haholo e tsejoang e le "white marlin." Kahoo, tlhaiso-leseling ea hajoale ea baeloji mabapi le marlin e tšoeu e kanna ea koaheloa ke mofuta oa bobeli, mme likhakanyo tse fetileng tsa palo ea batho ba basoeu ha li na bonnete.
Li-marlins tse ntšo ha li so hlahlojoe hore na li ts'osetsoa kapa li kotsing. Nama ea bona e rekisoa e bata kapa e hoamisitsoe United States mme e lokisoe joalo ka sashimi Japane. Leha ho le joalo, likarolong tse ling tsa Australia li thibetsoe ka lebaka la selenium ea tsona e ngata le mercury.
Marlin e metsero e thathamisitsoe ho Red Book mme ke mofuta o sirelelitsoeng oa marlin. Australia, marlin e metsero e ts'oaroa ho pholletsa le mabopo a bochabela le bophirima mme ke mofuta oa sepheo sa li-anglers. Marlin e metsero ke mofuta o ratang metsi a tropike, a futhumetseng ebile ka linako tse ling a bata. Marlin e metsero e boetse e tšoasoa ka linako tse ling bakeng sa boithabiso Queensland, New South Wales le Victoria. Ts'ebetso ena ea boithabiso e laoloa ke mebuso ea linaha.
Marlin e metsero ha e kenyellelitsoe Lenaneng le Lefubelu la IUCN la Mefuta ea Likotsi e Kotsing. Le ha ho le joalo, Greenpeace International e kenyelelitse litlhapi tsena lethathamong la eona le khubelu la lijo tsa leoatleng ka 2010 ha maqhubu a fokotseha ka lebaka la ho ts'oasa litlhapi ho feta tekano. Ho tšoasa litlhapi ka mokhoa oa khoebo ho se ho se molaong libakeng tse ngata. Batho ba tšoasang litlhapi tsena bakeng sa boithabiso ba eletsoa hore ba li lahlele ka metsing mme ba se ke ba li ja kapa ba li rekisa.
Molebeli oa Marlin
Setšoantšo: Marlene oa Red Book
Ho tšoasoa ha marang-rang ho tsamaisoa ka sekhahla. Sena se bolela hore ho tšoasoa ha litlhapi tsena ke batšoasi ba litlhapi ba khoebo ho na le boima bo fokolang. Mofuta o mong oa ho sebetsana le ona o ka sebelisoang ho ts'oara marlin e metsero. Batšoasi ba litlhapi ba khoebo ba koptjoa ho tlatsa lirekoto tsa bona tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi leetong le leng le le leng la ho tšoasa litlhapi le ha ba ts'oasa lihlapi koung. Sena se thusa ho tseba hore na ke litlhapi tse kae tse tšoasoang.
Hobane marlin e metsero e ts'oeroe ke linaha tse ling tse ngata bophirima le bohareng ba Pacific le Leoatle la India, Khomishene ea Litlhapi ea Pacific Bophirima le Bohareng le Khomishene ea Tuna ea Leoatle la India ke mekhatlo ea machabeng e ikarabellang bakeng sa ho laola litlhapi tsa tropike le litlhapi tse ling tse fumanehang Pacific. le Leoatle la India le lefats'e. Australia ke setho sa likomishene ka bobeli, hammoho le linaha tse ling tse kholo tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi le linaha tse nyane tsa lihlekehleke.
Likomishene li kopana selemo se seng le se seng ho lekola tlhaiso-leseling ea morao-rao ea mahlale le ho beha meeli ea ho ts'oasa lefatše bakeng sa mefuta e meholo ea tuna le mefuta e fokolang joalo ka marlin e metsero.Li bonts'a hape hore na Setho se seng le se seng se lokela ho etsa eng ho laola litlhapi tsa sona tsa tropike le mefuta e meng e fokolang, joalo ka ho tsamaisa bashebelli, ho fapanyetsana tlhaiso-leseling ea ho ts'oasa litlhapi le ho latela likepe tsa ho ts'oasa lihlapi ka satellite.
Khomishene e boetse e beha litlhokahalo bakeng sa bashebelli ba mahlale, tlhaiso-leseling ea ho tšoasa litlhapi, ho lata satellite ea likepe tsa ho tšoasa litlhapi le lisebelisoa tsa ho ts'oasa lihlapi ho fokotsa litlamorao ho liphoofolo tse hlaha.
Marlin - mofuta o makatsang oa litlhapi. Ka bomalimabe, haufinyane li kanna tsa fetoha mofuta o kotsing haeba batho ba ka tsoela pele ho li ts'oara molemong oa indasteri. Ka lebaka lena, mekhatlo e fapaneng lefats'eng ka bophara e nka mehato ea ho emisa ts'ebeliso ea tlhapi ena. Marlin e hwetšwa ka mawatleng ka moka a borutho le a borutho a lefase. Marlin ke mofuta o fallang oa pelagic o tsejoang hore o tsamaea lik'hilomithara tse makholo maqhubu a leoatle ho ea batla lijo. Marlin e metsero e bonahala e sebetsana le mocheso o batang ho feta mefuta efe kapa efe.
Letsatsi la phatlalatso: 08/15/2019
Letsatsi la ho nchafatsa: 28.08.2019 ka 0:00
