Halibuts, kapa halibuts, eo hape a tsejoang e le "Sole" ke lebitso le kopanyang mefuta e mehlano e fapaneng, e kenyellelitsoeng ho genera tse tharo, e leng tsa lelapa la Flounder le la Flounder order. Litho tsa lelapa ke baahi ba leoatle le ka leboea le potileng libaka tse ka bochabela le leboea tsa Russia.
Tlhaloso ea halibut
Phapang e kholo lipakeng tsa li-halibuts le mefuta e meng e mengata ea litlhapi tsa lelapa la Flounder ke mmele o molelele ho feta... Methati e meng ea lehata le eona ea bolokoa, e sa bonoeng hakaalo ha e bapisoa le liphakoe. Litšobotsi tsa ponahalo ea kantle ea li-halibuts ka kotloloho li ipapisitse le litšobotsi tsa mefuta ea baemeli ba joalo ba lelapa Flounders le taelo ea Flounders.
Ponahalo
Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossusKe tlhapi, e bolelele ba 'mele bo bolelele ba cm 450-470, e nang le boima bo phahameng ho fihla ho 300-320 kg. Li-halibuts tsa Atlantic li na le 'mele o sephara, o bopehileng joaloka daemane ebile o lelelele. Mahlo a lehlakoreng le letona. 'Mele o koahetsoe ka sekala se chitja,' me litekanyo tsohle tse kholo li pota-potiloe ke lesale, le emeloang ke likala tse nyane. Lephegwana la lephegwana la pectoral ka lehlakoreng la leihlo le legolo go feta la fini ka lehlakoreng la sefofu. Molomo o moholo o na le meno a bohale le a maholo a lebileng morao. Lepheo la caudal le na le notch e nyane. 'Mala oa lehlakore la mahlo o lefifi kapa o motsho ntle le ho tšoauoa. Bacha ba na le matšoao a sa tloaelehang 'meleng ea bona. Lehlakore le sa boneng la litlhapi le lesoeu.
Halibut e tšoeu ea Pacific (Hippoglossus stenolepis) Ke e mong oa litho tse kholo ka ho fetisisa tsa lelapa. Bolelele ba 'mele bo fihla ho 460-470 cm, ka boima ba' mele bo ka bang 360-363 kg. 'Mele o phahame haholo ha o bapisoa le maqhubu a mang. Ho na le mela e 'meli ea meno mohlahareng o kaholimo, le mola o le mong mohlahareng o tlase. Mmala oa lehlakore la mahlo o sootho bo sootho kapa o moputsoa o nang le botala bo sa botala haholo. E le molao, 'mele o na le matšoao a lefifi le a bobebe. Lehlakore le foufetseng le tšoeu. Letlalo le koahetsoe ke likala tse nyane tsa cycloidal. Tsela e ka lehlakoreng ea litlhapi e khetholloa ka ho kobeha ho bohale holim'a sebaka sa pectoral fin.
Asiatic arrowtooth halibut (Kholofelo) - tlhapi e nyane e nang le bolelele ba 'mele bo sa feteng 45-70 cm le boima bo boholo ba 1.5-3.0 kg. Bolelele bo boholo ba motho e moholo ha bo fete mitha ka boima ba 8.5 kg. 'Mele o molelele o koahetsoe ke sekala sa ctenoid, se ka lehlakoreng la leihlo. Karolo e sa bonahaleng ea 'mele e koahetsoe ke likala tsa cycloid. Mothalo o ka lehlakoreng oa 'mele o tiile, o batla o otlolohile, o koahetsoe ke likala tse 75-109. Mehlahare e na le mela e 'meli ea meno a bōpehileng joaloka motsu. Lehlakore ka leng la 'mele le na le linko tse peli. Likarolo tse ikhethileng tse ikhethang li emeloa ke sebaka sa leihlo le kaholimo, le sa feteng karolo e kaholimo ea hlooho, hammoho le nko e ka pele e nang le sephahla se selelele ka lehlakoreng le foufetseng. Lehlakore la leihlo le sootho bo sootho, 'me lehlakore le sa boneng le tšoauoa ka' mala o bobebe hanyane.
Motsu oa Amerika oa halibut (E hlomathisa stomias) - tlhapi e nang le bolelele ba 'mele ka bolelele ba 40-65 cm ka boima ba' mele e ka bang 1.5-3.0 kg. 'Mele o molelele o koahetsoe ke sekala sa ctenoid lehlakoreng la leihlo. Ka lehlakoreng le foufetseng, ho na le sekala sa cycloidal. Mola oa mahlakore ka bobeli o tiile, o batla o otlolohile ka botlalo. Mehlahareng ho na le mela e 'meli ea meno a bōpehileng joaloka motsu.
Hoa thahasellisa! Halibut fry e na le sebopeho se ts'oanang 'me e fapana hanyane le litlhapi tse ling, empa kamora nakoana lehlakore le leng le qala ho hola ka potlako, ka lebaka leo' mele o thellang, 'me molomo le mahlo li fetohela lehlakoreng le letona.
Ho na le linko tse peli ka lehlakoreng le leng la 'mele. Karolo e ikhethang ea metsu ea Amerika ea metsu halibut ke nko ea ka pele e nang le sephahla se sekhutšoane ka lehlakoreng le foufetseng. Lehlakore la leihlo la mmele le tsebahala ka mmala o sootho o lefifi, mme lehlakore le foufetseng le sootho bo bobebe ka mmala o perese.
Mokgwa wa bophelo, boitshwaro
Baemeli ba lelapa la Flounder le taelo ea Flounder ke litlhapi tse tlase tse jang liphoofolo tse lulang bolibeng bo boholo. Lehlabuleng, litlhapi tse joalo le tsona li lula karolong e bohareng ea metsi. Batho ba baholo ba halibut ea Pacific hangata ba lula letsoapong la k'honthinente mochesong oa metsi haufi le botlaaseng ba 1.5-4.5 ° C. Hlabula, litlhapi tse joalo li ea libakeng tse fepeloang tse emeloang ke metsi a sa tebang a lebopong. American arrowtooth halibut ke tlhapi ea metsing ea benthic e lulang bolibeng ho tloha ho 40 ho isa ho 1150 metres.
Li-halbuts tsa metsu tsa Asia ke ho ts'oasa litlhapi tse tlase ka metsing tse lulang kaholimo ho majoe, lehlabathe le lehlabathe. Baemeli ba mofuta ona ha ba etse phallo e telele. Li khetholloa ka ho falla ho totobetseng haholo. Ha ho qala nako e futhumetseng, li-halibuts tsa arrowtooth tsa Asia li ea botebong bo sa tebang. Mariha, litlhapi li fallela libakeng tse tebileng. Bakeng sa bacha le batho ba sa holang moeeng, bolulo botebong bo sa tebang ke tšobotsi.
Halibut e phela halelele hakae
Boholo, bo netefalitsoeng ka molao ho fihlela joale, tebello ea bophelo ea baemeli ba lelapa la Flounder le taelo ea Flounder e feta hanyane lilemo tse mashome a mararo. Nako e telele ea bophelo ba mefuta ea American Arrowtooth Halibut e feta lilemo tse mashome a mabeli. Atlantic halibut, tlasa maemo a matle, e khona ho phela lilemo tse mashome a mararo ho isa ho mashome a mahlano.
Mefuta ea Halibut
Halibut hajoale e kenyelletsa genera tse tharo le mefuta e mehlano e meholo ea litlhapi tse fofang, ho kenyelletsa:
- Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus) le Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis);
- Asia arrowtooth halibut (Atheresthes evermanni) le American arrowtooth halibut (Atheresthes stomias);
- moriri o motšo kapa o moputsoa halibut (Reinhardtius hippoglossoides).
Hoa thahasellisa! Thepa e khahlisang ea li-halibuts tsohle ke bokhoni ba nama ea bona ho nka karolo ho tlosa 'mele, e leng ka lebaka la boteng ba selenium e lekaneng, e bolokang lisele tsa sebete li le maemong a phetseng hantle.
Ntle le mefuta e mehlano e thathamisitsoeng kaholimo, ho boetse ho na le likhahla tse ngata tsa halibut.
Habitat, habitats
Atlantic halibut e lula North Atlantic le likarolo tse haufi tsa Leoatle le ka Leboea... Sebakeng sa karolo e ka bochabela ea Atlantic, baemeli ba mefuta ena ba atile haholo ho tloha Sehlekehlekeng sa Kolguev le Novaya Zemlya ho ea Bay of Biscay. Hape, halibut ea Atlantic e fumanoa lebopong la Iceland, haufi le lebopo le ka bochabela la Greenland, pela Lihlekehleke tsa Borithane le Faroe. Ka metsing a Russia, baemeli ba mofuta ona ba lula ka boroa-bophirima ho Leoatle la Barents.
Li-halibuts tse tšoeu tsa Pacific li atile Leoatleng la Pacific Leboea. Baemeli ba mofuta ona ba lula metsing a Leoatle la Bering le Okhotsk, haufi le lebopo la Amerika Leboea, ho tloha Alaska ho ea California. Batho ba ikhethileng ba bonoa ka metsing a Leoatle la Japane. Halibut e tšoeu ea Pacific e fumanoa botebong ba limithara tse 1200.
Hoa thahasellisa!Asia arrowtooth halibut e hasane ka ho khetheha Leoatleng la Pacific Leboea. Baahi ba fumanoa sebakeng se lebopong le ka bochabela la sehlekehleke sa Hokkaido le Honshu, metsing a Leoatle la Japane le Okhotsk, mabopong a leoatle a ka bochabela le bophirima ba Kamchatka, ka bochabela metsing a Leoatle la Bering, ho ea Koung ea Alaska le Lihlekehleke tsa Aleutian.
American arrowtooth halibut ke mofuta o tsebahalang o atileng Leoatleng la Pacific Leboea. Baemeli ba mofuta ona ba fumanoa ho tloha karolong e ka boroa ea Lihlekehleke tsa Kuril le Aleutian ho ea Koung ea Alaska. Ba lula maoatleng a Chukchi le Okhotsk, ba lula libakeng tse karolong e ka bochabela ea lebopo la Kamchatka le ka bochabela ho Leoatle la Bering.
Lijo tsa halibut
Li-halibuts tsa Atlantic ke liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo ka metsing, tse jang haholo litlhapi, ho kenyelletsa cod, haddock, capelin, herring le gobies, hammoho le cephalopods le liphoofolo tse ling tse tlase. Batho ba banyenyane ka ho fetisisa ba mofuta ona hangata ba iphepa ka li-crustaceans tse kholo, ba khetha makhala le li-shrimp. Hangata li-halibuts nakong ea ho sesa li boloka 'mele ea tsona e le maemong a holimo, empa ha li lelekisa phofu, litlhapi tse joalo li khona ho ikarola ho tloha tlase ebe li tsamaea li eme hantle haufi le metsi.
Li-halibuts tsa Pacific ke litlhapi tse jang liphoofolo tse jang mefuta e fapaneng ea litlhapi, hammoho le li-crustaceans tse ngata tse kang lehloa la lehloa, shrimp le lekhala la hermit. Li-squids le li-octopus le tsona hangata li sebelisoa e le lijo tsa li-halibuts tse joalo. Sebopeho sa lijo tsa tlhaho tsa halibut ea Pacific li feta liphetohong tse kholo tsa selemo, lilemo le libaka.
Bacha ba mofuta ona ba ja haholo makhala a shrimp le lehloa. Ha e lelekisa phofu ea eona, tlhapi e joalo e khona ho tloha fatše.
Lijo tse ka sehloohong tsa Asia arrowtooth halibut hangata ke pollock, empa sebata se joalo se seholo sa metsing se ka iphepa ka mefuta e meng ea litlhapi, shrimp, octopus, squid le euphausids. Bacha le batho ba sa holang tsebong ba ja cod ea Pacific, pollock, pollock le mefuta e meng ea mefuta e mahareng e fokolang. American arrowtooth halibut e fepa ka pollock, cod, hake, grouper, liqueur, crustaceans le cephalopods.
Ho ikatisa le bana
Atlantic le li-halibuts tse ling ke litlhapi tse jang liphoofolo tse ikatisang ka ho tsoala... Tse tona tsa mofuta ona di hola ka ho phethahala thobalanong di le dilemo tse supileng ho isa ho tse robedi, mme tse tshehadi di hola ka thobalano di ka ba dilemo tse leshome. Atlantic halibut e hlahisa botebo ba limithara tse 300-700 ka mocheso o tloaelehileng oa 5-7 ° C. Nako ea ho hlahisa e hlaha ka December-Mots'eanong. Ho tsoala ho etsahala mekoting e tebileng haufi le lebopo, kapa ho seo ho thoeng ke fjords.
Mahe a halibut ea Atlantic a bolokoa ka metsing a leoatle ho fihlela lihlaha li hlaha, 'me e le' ngoe e tšehali e hlahisa mahe a limilione tse 1,3 ho isa ho 3.5, bophara ba eona e le 3.5-4.3 mm. Li-larvae li qhotsoa mahe kamora libeke tse peli kapa tse tharo, empa qalong li leka ho lula kahare ea metsi. Ha e se e fihlile bolelele ba limilimithara tse 40, liboko tsa halibut ea Atlantic li lula tlase.
Basali ba Asia arrowtooth halibut, kholo ea kholo ea thobalano e ba lilemo li 7 ho isa ho tse 10, 'me banna ba mofuta ona ba hola ka thobalano ba le lilemo li 7-9. Batho ba baholo ba qhalana ka metsing a Leoatle la Bering ho tloha ka Pulungoana ho isa Hlakola. Ka metsing a Leoatle la Okhotsk, ho qhotsoa ho etsoa ho tloha ka Phato ho fihlela ka Tshitwe. Caviar ea mofuta oa pelagic, e hlahisitsoeng ka botebo ba limithara tse 120-1200. Karolelano ea sekhahla sa tsoalo ke mahe a likete tse 220-1385. Li-larvae li batla li le kholo, li tšesaane ebile li telele, ka mokokotlo sebakeng se kaholimo ho mahlo le bokaholimo ba operculum.
Lira tsa tlhaho
Libata tse jang liphoofolo tsa Asia arrowtooth halibut ke liqibi le litau tsa leoatle. Li-halibuts li na le lira tsa tlhaho tse fokolang haholo, ka hona litlhapi tse joalo li ka hola ho ba boholo bo boholo feela.
Hoa thahasellisa! Litlhapi tsa bohlokoa tsa leoatleng bakeng sa batšoasi ba litlhapi ba bangata naheng ea rona le kantle ho naha ke phofu e lakatsehang, ka hona ho ts'oasa lihlapi ho sebetsa ho kenya letsoho phokotsong ea palo eohle ea li-halibuts.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Mekhoa ea ho hola butle butle le nako ea ho butsoa kamora nako e etsa hore halibut ea Atlantic e be mefuta e kotsing ea ho ts'oasa litlhapi haholo. Ho ts'oasa litlhapi tse joalo hona joale ho laoloa ka thata, 'me ntle le lithibelo tsa boholo, selemo le selemo ho tloha lilemong tsa leshome tsa December ho isa qetellong ea Hlakubele, ho emisoa ho ts'oaroa mabapi le ho ts'oaroa ha halibut ka matlooa, hammoho le li-trawls le lisebelisoa tse ling tse sa fetoheng.
Hoa thahasellisa! Sebakeng sa Scotland le Norway, mefuta ea halibut ea Atlantic e lengoa ka maiketsetso, mme Mokhatlo oa Machaba oa Tlhokomelo ea Tlhaho o e file boemo ba paballo "E Kotsing".
Boholo ba palo ea mefuta ea White-bore Pacific halibut metsing a Kamchatka e tsitsitse kajeno.
Boleng ba khoebo
Russia hajoale ha ho na sepheo sa ho tšoasa litlhapi bakeng sa baemeli ba mofuta oa White-bore Pacific halibut. Mofuta ona oa litlhapi o ka ts'oaroa joalo ka ha ho thoe ke ka ho tšoasa litlhapi ka matlooa a li-gill, li-longline tse tlase, li-snurrevods le li-trawls nakong ea ho ts'oasa litlhapi tsa leoatle kapa tsa leoatle tse tebileng.
Ho tla boela ho be monate:
- Litlhapi tsa Sterlet
- Litlhapi tsa Pollock
- Litlhapi tsa pike
- Litlhapi tsa Pollock
Leha ho le joalo, mofuta ona hajoale ke ona o sebelisoang ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa leoatleng la lipapali. Tlhahiso ea halibut ea khoebo e se e etsoa haholo-holo Norway ho tloha ka Phuptjane ho isa Mphalane.
