Parrot cockatoo Ke parrot e ntle e makatsang ebile e bohlale. E hlahelletse mefuteng e meng ea lipapakhaie e nang le 'mele oa eona le mebala e fapaneng e tšoeu, e pinki, e bohlooho ebile e ntšo. Li-cockatoos tse ruuoang lapeng hangata ho thoe ke "li-sticky" ka lebaka la tlhaho ea tsona e botsoalle haholo le tlhoko ea ho qobelloa ho ba har'a batho. Ha re sheba boitšoaro ba hae bo qabolang, hoo e ka bang morati e mong le e mong oa linonyana o nahana ka ho e reka.
Tšimoloho ea mofuta le tlhaloso
Photo: Parrot Cockatoo
Cockatoo e ile ea tsebahatsoa ka lekhetlo la pele e le lelapa le lenyane la Cacatuinae lelapeng la Psittacidae ke setsebi sa tlhaho sa Lenyesemane George Robert Gray ka 1840, ha Cacatua e le oa pele oa mofuta oa mofuta o thathamisitsoeng. Liphuputso tsa limolek'hule li bontša hore mefuta ea pele-pele e neng e tsejoa e ne e le lipapakhaie tsa New Zealand.
Lentsoe "cockatoo" e bolela ho lekholong la lilemo la bo17 le tsoa ho kaktoe Madache, e leng ka lehlakoreng le le tsoa Semalay kakatua. Mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea lekholo la bo17 la lilemo e kenyelletsa kakato, cocoon le crocador, ha lekholong la leshome le metso e robeli la lilemo, cocato, sokatura le cockatoo li sebelisitsoe.
Mefuta ea mesaletsa ea lintho tsa khale e bile e fumaneha ka seoelo ho feta lipapakhaie ka kakaretso. Ke mesaletsa e le 'ngoe feela ea' nete ea cockatoo e tsejoang: mofuta oa Cacatua, o fumanoeng qalong ea Miocene (lilemong tse 16-23 tse fetileng). Leha e arotsoe, mesaletsa e ts'oana le cockatoo e tšesaane le e pinki. Kameho ea mesaletsa ena ho phetoho ea cockatoo le phylogeny ha e na moeli, leha mesaletsa e lumella pele ho nako phapang ea malapa.
Video: Parrot cockatoo
Cockatoos ho matleng a ka taelo e tšoanang saense le lelapa e le lipapakhaie tse ling (Psittaciformes le Psittacidae, ka ho latellana). Ka palo yohle, ho na le tse 21 mefuta e meng ea cockatoo letsoalloa ho Oceania. Li atile Australia, ho kenyeletsoa New Zealand le New Guinea, hape li fumaneha Indonesia le Solomon Islands.
Ponahalo le likarolo
Setšoantšo: Parrot cockatoo ea linonyana
Li-cocktail ke lipapakhaie tse mahareng ho isa ho tse kholo tse nang le moaho o mosesane. Bolelele fapana ho 30-60 cm, le boima ba 'mele ke tsa mefuta e fapaneng ya 300-1 200 g. Leha ho le joalo, mefuta e cockatiel eona e nyenyane haholo le tsesaane ho feta batho ba bang, bolelele ba eona e 32 cm, (ho akarelletsa le nako e telele masiba lona nchocho mohatla),' me boima ba 'mele oa eona o 80 -100 g. Sebopeho se ka fallisoang moqhaka, seo li-cockatoo tsohle li nang le sona, sea hlolla. E phahama ha nonyana e lula ka mor'a ho fofa kapa ha e thabile.
Cockatoos abelana ho tšoana bangata ba nang le lipapakhaie tse ling, ho akarelletsa le tšobotsi kobehileng molomo le paw sebopeho le menoana e 'meli bohareng pele le menoana e' meli tsa ka ntle ka morao. Li tsebahala ka lebaka la khaello ea 'mala o moputsoa le o motala o bonoang lipapakhaie tse ling.
Li-Cockatoos li na le maoto a makhuts'oane, manala a matla le phallo ea boea. Hangata li sebelisa molomo oa tsona o matla joalo ka setho sa boraro ha li hloa makala. Hangata li na le mapheo a malelele, a sephara, a sebelisoang ho fofa ka lebelo, ka lebelo ho fihla ho 70 km / h. Litho tsa mofuta oa li-cockatoos tsa ho siama le li-cockatoos tse tšoeu tse kholo li na le mapheo a makhuts'oane, a chitja le ho fofa habonolo.
Masiba a Cockatoo ha a phatsime joaloka lipapakhaie tse ling. Mebala hlaheletseng tse ntšo, ea bohlooho le tšoeu. Mefuta e mengata e na le likhechana tse nyane tsa mebala e khanyang mapheong a eona: bosehla, pinki le bofubelu (molomong kapa mohatleng). Pinki e boetse ke ea bohlokoa bakeng sa mefuta e 'maloa. Mefuta e meng e na le sebaka se mebala e khanyang ho pota mahlo le sefahleho. Masiba a banna le a basali a tšoana mefuteng e mengata. Leha ho le joalo, masiba a basali a lerootho ho feta a e tona.
Parrot ea cockatoo e lula kae?
Setšoantšo: Parrot cockatoo e kholo
Kabo ea cockatoos e feta feela ho feta ea mefuta e meng ea lipapakhaie e. Li fumanoa feela ho Australia, Indonesia le Philippines. Mefuta e 11 ho tse 21 e fumanoa feela naheng e Australia, ha e supileng e fumanoa feela Indonesia, Philippines le Solomon Islands. Ha ho mefuta ea li-cockatoo e fumanoeng sehlekehlekeng sa Borneo, leha e le teng lihlekehlekeng tse haufi tsa Pacific, leha mesaletsa ea khale e fumanoe New Caledonia.
Mefuta e meraro e fumaneha New Guinea le Australia. Mefuta e meng e atile, joalo ka pinki, e fumanehang libakeng tse ngata tsa Australia, ha tse ling li na le mekoloko e menyenyane e koetsoeng karolong e nyane ea kontinenteng, joalo ka cockatoo e ntšo ea Australia Bophirima kapa sehlekehleke se senyenyane sa Goffin's cockatoo (Tanimbar corella) Lihlekehlekeng tsa Tanimbar. Li-cockatoos tse ling li hlahisitsoe ka phoso libakeng tse kantle ho sebaka sa tlhaho, joalo ka New Zealand, Singapore le Palau, ha mefuta e 'meli ea Australia ea Corella e nametse likarolong tse ling tsa kontinenteng moo e sa tsoaloeng.
Mekoko e phela merung e katiloeng ka tlas'a moru le lifateng tsa mangrove. Mefuta e atileng haholo joalo ka pinki le cockatiel, tse ikhethang libakeng tse bulehileng mme li khetha peo ea joang. Ke bo-hloma-u-hlomole ba tsamaeang haholo. Mehlape ea linonyana tsena e hahlaula libaka tse kholo tsa naha, e ntse e fumana le ho fepa peo. Komello e ka qobella mehlape e tsoang libakeng tse ommeng ho fetela libakeng tsa temo.
Mefuta e meng, e kang cockatoo e benyang e ntšo, e fumanoa lihlahleng tsa tropike esita le merung ea lithaba. The Greek cockatoo lulang ho eona ni mirhi ya mangrove meru. Baemeli ba genus ba phelang morung, e le busa, bophelo ba ka bo sedentary, kaha lijo tse tsitsitseng le ka tsejoang esale pele. Mefuta e meng ikamahanya le maemo hantle ho chencheloa batho phelang le li fumanoa libakeng tsa temo le esita le metseng e maphathaphathe.
Parrot ea cockatoo e ja eng?
Setšoantšo: Parrot cockatoo e tšoeu
Li-Cockatoos li ja haholo-holo lijo tse thehiloeng limela. Peo e etsa bongata ba lijo tsa mefuta eohle. Eolophus roseicapilla, Cacatua tenuirostris le li-cockatoos tse ling tse ntšo li iphepa haholo ka mehlape. Ba khetha libaka tse bulehileng tse nang le ponahalo e ntle. mefuta e meng e ja lifateng. Li-cockatiel tsa Bophirimela le maoto a malelele li na le manala a malelele bakeng sa ho cheka methapo le metso, 'me cockatoo e pinki e tsamaea ka selikalikoe ho potoloha Rumex hypogaeus, e leka ho sotha karolo ea mobu le ho tlosa likarolo tse ka tlasa lefatše.
Mefuta e mengata e fepa ka peo e tsoang li-cones kapa linate tsa limela tse kang eucalyptus, bankia, hakeya naphtha, tse fumanehang sebakeng sa Australia libakeng tse omeletseng. Likhetla tsa tsona tse thata ha li fumanehe mefuteng e mengata ea liphoofolo. Ka hona, lipapakhaie le litoeba li ja litholoana. Linate tse ling le litholoana li leketlile qetellong ea makala a masesaane, a sa khoneng ho mamella boima ba cockatoo, ka hona lekala le nang le masiba le masiba lea inama 'me le mo tšoara ka leoto.
Le ha li-cockatoos tse ling e le li-generalist tse jang mefuta e fapaneng ea lijo, ba bang ba khetha mofuta o itseng oa lijo. The benyang ba batsho cockatoo rata dikhouno ea lifate tsa Allocasuarina, eaba li khetha e 'ngoe mefuta e, A. verticillata. Ho ba tšoaretse dikhouno le peō ka maoto a eona le a timetsa ba le molomo lona e matla pele ho tlosa dipeo ka leleme lona.
Mefuta e meng e ja likokoanyana tse ngata haholo-holo nakong ea ho ikatisa. Boholo ba ho ja le bosehla gelada ba batsho cockatoo o na le likokoanyana. Molomo oa eona o sebelisetsoa ho ntša liboko lehong le bolang. Nako eo cockatoo e lokelang ho e qeta ho iphelisa bakeng sa lijo e ipapisitse le nako ea selemo.
Linakong tsa ho hongata haholo, ba ile ba 'na ha hlokahala feela banyalani ba bang ba qeta lihora tse ngata ka letsatsi ho batla lijo,' me ba qeta ba bang kaofela ba letsatsi squatting kapa preening ka lifate. Empa mariha ba qeta boholo ba letsatsi ba batla lijo. Linonyana li na le tlhoko e eketsehileng ea lijo nakong ea ho ikatisa. Ho cockatoo e na le kgoho e kholo, e ba lumellang ho boloka le ho sila lijo ka nakoana.
Likarolo tsa semelo le mokhoa oa bophelo
Setšoantšo: Parrot yellow-crested cockatoo
Cockatoos hloka motšehare ho fumana lijo. Hase linonyana tsa pele, empa emela letsatsi hore le futhumatse libaka tsa bona tsa boroko pele ba tsoa ho ea batla lijo. Mefuta e mengata ke haholo sechabeng le fepa ka le ho tsamaea ka mehlape ea lerata. Ho latela phumaneho ea lijo, mehlape e fapana ka boholo. Linakong tsa nala ea lijo, mehlape e menyenyane mme palo ea eona e ka ba lekholo la linonyana, athe nakong ea komello kapa likoluoa tse ling, mehlape e ka ruruha ho fihla ho linonyana tse likete tse mashome.
Seterekeng sa Kimberley, mohlape oa li-cockatiels tse nyane tse 32000 oa bonoa. Mefuta e lulang libakeng tse bulehileng e theha mehlape e meholo ho feta mefuta e merung. Mefuta e meng hlokang tsa bodulo haufi le ho noa matheba. Mefuta e meng e tsamaea libaka tse telele lipakeng tsa libaka tsa ho robala le tsa ho fepa.
Li-cocktail li na le mekhoa ea ho itlhatsoa:
- a leketlile a inamisitsoe ke pula;
- fofa ka pula;
- thothomele ka makhasi le metsi a lifate.
Ena ke pono e monate ka ho fetisisa bakeng sa litaba tsa lapeng. Cockatoo e rata batho ba ba tsotellang haholo. Ba se loketse haholo bakeng sa ho ruta puo e buuoang, empa ba bonono haholo le ho bontša boiketlo ho phetha maqheka tse sa tšoaneng le litaelo tsa. Ba ka etsa tse sa tšoaneng, mekhatlo qabola. ho se khotsofale ho bontšoa ka mehoo e sa thabiseng. Ba iphetetsa ho mofosi.
Moralo oa sechaba le tlhahiso
Setšoantšo: Mekotatsie ea Cockatoo
Li-cockatoos li theha maqhama a lenyalo le le leng pakeng tsa banyalani ba ka tšoarellang lilemo tse ngata. Tšehali bakang ka lekhetlo la pele pakeng tsa lilemo tse tharo le lilemo tse supileng, 'me ba batona fihle khōlong e feletseng ho kopanela liphate le lilemo li e moholo. Ho lieha ho kena boroetsaneng ha ho bapisoa le linonyana tse ling ho u fa monyetla oa ho holisa tsebo ea ho holisa liphoofolo tse nyane. Li-cockatoo tse nyane li lula le batsoali ba tsona ho fihlela selemo. mefuta e ba bangata ba feto-fetohe khutlela libaka tsa bona nesting theosa le lilemo.
Lefereho le totobetse, haholo-holo ho banyalani ba tiileng. Joaloka lipapakhaie fetisisa, cockatoos sebelisa lihlaha sekoti ka grooves ka lifate hore ba ke ke etsa ba le bang. Ho tepella hona ho thehiloe ka lebaka la ho senyeha ha patsi kapa ho senyeha, ho robeha ha makala, li-fungus kapa likokoanyana tse kang bohloa kapa esita le linonyana.
Mekhola ea lihlaha ha e fumanehe hangata ebile e ba mohloli oa tlholisano, ka bobeli le baemeli ba bang ba mofuta ona, le mefuta e meng le mefuta ea liphoofolo. Mekoko e khetha likoti lifateng tse batlang li le kholoanyane hofeta tsa tsona, ka hona mefuta ea boholo bo fapaneng e itlhahela ka mekoting e lekanang le boholo ba eona.
Haeba ho khoneha, cockatoos khetha ho sehlaheng ka ba bolelele ba limithara tse 7 kapa 8, haufi le metsi le lijo. Lihlaha li na le lithupa, likotoana tsa patsi le makala a nang le makhasi. Mahe a motopo ebile a masoeu. boholo ba tsona fapana ho 55 limilimithara ho 19 limilimithara. The boholo clutch fapana ka hara lelapa itseng: ho tswa ho e mong ho mahe a robeli. Mahe a ka bang 20% ha a na thari. Mefuta e meng e ka beha clutch ea bobeli haeba ea pele e shoa.
Litsuonyana tsa mefuta eohle li tsoetsoe li koahetsoe ka bosehla tlase, ntle le palesa ea palema, eo majalefa a eona a tsoaloang a hlobotse. Nako ea ho kopanya e latela boholo ba cockatoo: baemeli ba mefuta e menyenyane ba alosa bana ka matsatsi a ka bang 20, 'me cockatoo e ntšo e qhotsa mahe ho fihlela matsatsi a 29. Mefuta e meng e ka fofa ka nako e ka etsang libeke tse 5, le li-cockatoos tse kholo ka libeke tse 11. Nakong ena, litsuonyana li koahetsoe ke masiba mme li fumana 80-90% ea boima ba batho ba baholo.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa lipapakhaie tsa cockatoo
Setšoantšo: Parrot cockatoo ea linonyana
Mahe le litsuonyana tse kotsing ea ho libatana tse ngata. Mefuta e sa tšoaneng ea mokholutsoane, ho akarelletsa le ho hlokomela mokholutsoane, ke khona ho hloa lifate le fumana ka likoting.
Libata tse ling li kenyelletsa:
- sephooko sa sefate se nang le mabala sehlekehlekeng sa Rasa;
- python ea amethiste;
- shrike;
- litoeba, ho kenyeletsoa le leruo la 'mutla o nang le thepa e tšoeu Cape - York;
- carpal possum ka Kangaroo sehlekehleke sena.
Ntle le moo, Galah (e boputsoa bo bopinki) le li-cockatiel tse nyane tse qothisanang lehlokoa le libaka tsa sehlaha le cockatoo e benyang e ntšo li tlalehiloe moo mefuta ea morao e bolailoeng. Lifefo tse matla le tsona li ka koahela likoti, ho khangoa ke bana, le mesebetsi ea bohloa e ka lebisa tšenyehong ea ka hare ea lihlaha. Phakoe ea peregrine (letata la hawk), ntsu e nyane ea Australia le ntsu e mehatla e meholo li tsebahala hore li hlasetse mefuta e meng ea li-cockatoos.
Joalo ka lipapakhaie tse ling, li-cockatoos li na le tšoaetso ea molomo le masiba (PBFD). Kokoana-hloko ea ho etsa hore masiba tahlehelo, kotlobane ea molomo le ho fokotsa maloetseng kakaretso ea nonyana. Haholo-holo e tloaelehileng ho li-cockatoos tse putswa, li-cockatiel tse nyane le mefuta e pinki. Tšoaetso e fumanoe mefuteng e 14 ea li-cockatoo.
Leha ho le joalo, PBFD ke a hlola a ba le tšusumetso e bohlokoa ka baahi ba bophelo bo botle nonyana tse hlaha. Baerase e ka beha kotsi ho baahi ba fokolang ba tšoaelitsoeng. Joaloka Amazon lipapakhaie le macaws, ho cockatoo hangata e develops papillomas cloacal. Kamano le li-neoplasms tse kotsi ha e tsejoe, joalo ka lebaka la ponahalo ea tsona.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Lifoto: Parrot e pinki ea cockatoo
Litšokelo tse kholo ho baahi ba li-cockatoo ke tahlehelo ea bolulo le karohano le khoebo ea liphoofolo tse hlaha. Ho boloka baahi maemong a nepahetseng ho ipapisitse le phumaneho ea libaka tsa sehlaha lifateng. Ntle le moo, mefuta e mengata e na le litlhokahalo tse ikhethileng tsa bolulo kapa e phela lihlekehlekeng tse nyane mme e na le mekoloko e menyenyane, e etsang hore e be tlokotsing.
The Conservancy, ke tšaba hore ka ho fokotseha ha baahi ba cockatoo, e hypothesized hore suboptimal mike mike tshebetso ka mose ho baahi bohle ka 'na eaba lebaka la ho lahleheloa ke mabaka ho ikatisa tse latelang ho setsiketsi sa hinterland ka tse lekholo tse fetileng. Sena se ka etsa hore ba hōlileng ba cockatoos tse hlaha, moo boholo ba linonyana poso-ho ikatisa. Sena se tla lebisa ho fokotseheng ka potlako ha lipalo kamora lefu la linonyana tse holileng.
Ho tšoasa mefuta e mengata e rekisoang hona joale ho thibetsoe, empa khoebo e ntse e tsoela pele ka mokhoa o seng molaong. Linonyana li kenngoa ka mabokoseng kapa methapong ea lehlaka ebe li tsamaisoa ka sekepe ho tsoa Indonesia le Philippines. Hase feela hore mefuta e sa tloaelehang ha e hlahisoe ka sekhukhu Indonesia, empa le li-cockatoos tse tloaelehileng le tsona li tlisoa ka sekhukhu ho tsoa Australia. Ho khutsisa linonyana, li koahetsoe ka metšoaso ea nylon 'me li phuthetsoe ka lipeipi tsa PVC, ebe li beoa ka thoto e sa tsamaeeng le motho lifofaneng tsa machabeng. Sekhahla sa batho ba shoang "maetong" a joalo se fihla ho 30%.
Morao tjena, smugglers di eketsehileng hona ho rekisetsa mafatse mahe nonyana, e leng bonolo ho ipatele nakong flights. Ho lumeloa hore khoebo ea cockatoo e etsoa ke lihlopha tse hlophisehileng tse rekisang mefuta ea Australia bakeng sa mefuta ea mose ho maoatle e kang macaw.
Cockatoo parrot balebeli
Photo: Parrot cockatoo Red Book
Ho ea ka IUCN, e leng mokhatlo machaba bakeng sa ho sireletsa linonyana, mefuta e supileng ea cockatoo li nkoa ba hlaselehang habonolo. Mefuta e 'meli - Cockatoo ea Mafilipino + cockatoo e mosehla - e nkuoa e le kotsing. Li-cocktail li ratoa haholo joaloka liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng 'me khoebo ea tsona e sokela mefuta e meng. Pakeng tsa 1983 le 1990, li-cockatoos tse ngolisitsoeng ka molao tsa Moluccan tse 66 654 li ile tsa tlosoa Indonesia, 'me palo ena ha e kenyeletse palo ea linonyana tse tšoasetsoang khoebo ea malapeng kapa tse romelloang kantle ho naha ka molao.
Liphuputso tsa baahi ba Cockatoo li ikemiselitse ho bala mefuta e setseng ea li-cockatoo hohle moo ho fumanehang likhakanyo tse nepahetseng tsa bongata le ho fumana litlhoko tsa bona tsa tikoloho le taolo. Bokhoni ba ho hakanya lilemo tsa li-cockatoos tse kulang le tse lemetseng li ka fana ka tlhaiso-leseling ea bohlokoa nalaneng ea bophelo ba li-cockatoos mananeong a ntlafatso mme e tla thusa ho khetholla batho ba tšoanelehang bakeng sa ho ikatisa.
Parrot cockatoo, E sirelelitsoe ke Tumellano ea ho Trade ea Machaba ea kotsing ea ho fela Mefuta ya Wild liphoofolo (bolela), e thibela ho bohlokoa le ke diyantle tsa lipapakhaie tse hlaha-tšoaroa merero e itseng le laesense. Mefuta e mehlano ea cockatoo (ho kenyeletsoa li-subspecies tsohle) - Goffin's (Cacatua goffiniana), Sefilipino (Cacatua haematuropygia), Moluccan (Cacatua moluccensis), yellow-crested (Cacatua sulphurea) le black cockatoo li sirelelitsoe lenaneng la likopo tsa CITES I.Mefuta eohle e meng e sirelelitsoe lenaneng la Sehlomathiso sa CITES II.
Letsatsi la phatlalatso: 19.04.2019
Letsatsi la ho nchafatsa: 19.09.2019 ka 21:55
