Phokojoe e putsoa Ke sebatana se nyane sa canine. Lebitso la mahlale la mofuta ona - Urocyon le filoe ke setsebi sa tlhaho sa Amerika Spencer Bird. Urocyon cinereoargenteus ke mofuta o ka sehloohong oa tse peli tse teng kontinenteng ea Amerika.
Tšimoloho ea mofuta le tlhaloso
Setšoantšo: Grey fox
Urocyon e bolela ntja e mohatla. Phukubje e pududu ke seamuši sa lapa la Canidae go tšwa Leboa, Bogareng le Leboa la Amerika Borwa. Metsoalle ea eona e haufi, Urocyon littoralis, e fumaneha Lihlekehlekeng tsa Channel. Mefuta ena e 'meli e ts'oana haholo, empa liphoofolo tsa sehlekehlekeng li nyane haholo ka boholo, empa li ts'oana haholo ka chebahalo le litloaelo.
Li-canine tsena li hlahile Amerika Leboea nakong ea Middle Pliocene, lilemong tse ka bang 3 600 000 tse fetileng. Masalla a pele a mesaletsa a fumanoa Arizona, Seterekeng sa Graham. Tlhahlobo ea Fang e netefalitse hore phokojoe e putsoa ke mofuta o fapaneng le oa phokojoe e tloaelehileng (Vulpes). Ka liphatsa tsa lefutso, phokojoe e putsoa e haufi le mela e meng e 'meli ea khale: Nyctereutes procyonoides, East Asia raccoon dog, le Otocyon megalotis, phokojoe e litsebe tse kholo tsa Afrika.
Video: Phokojoe e putsoa
Masalla a fumanoeng mahaheng a mabeli ka leboea ho California a netefalitse boteng ba phoofolo ena qetellong ea Pleistocene. Ho netefalitsoe hore liphokojoe tse putsoa li ile tsa fallela leboea-bochabela ho United States kamora Pleistocene, ka lebaka la phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, se bitsoang ho futhumala ha mehleng e bohareng. Ho boetse ho na le liphapang tse fapaneng empa li amana le liphokojoe tse putsoa ka bophirima le ka bochabela ho Amerika Leboea.
Liphokojoe tsa Channel Islands ho lumeloa hore li tsoetse liphokojoe tse bohlooho tsa naha. Mohlomong ba fihlile moo ka ho sesa kapa linthong tse ling, mohlomong, ba tlisitsoe ke motho, hobane lihlekehleke tsena e ne e se karolo ea naha. Ba hlahile moo lilemo tse ka bang likete tse tharo tse fetileng, ho tsoa ho fapaneng, bonyane 3-4, bathehi moleng oa bo-mme. Mofuta oa liphokojoe tse putsoa o nkuoa e le canine e phelang ka ho fetisisa, hammoho le phiri (Canis) le liphokojoe tse ling kaofela (Vulpes). Karohano ena e etsahetse Amerika Leboea lilemong tse ka bang 9,000,000 tse fetileng, nakong ea Mofu Miocene.
Ponahalo le likarolo
Setšoantšo: phoofolo ea grey fox
Phokojoe e putsoa e shebahala joalo ka beng ka eona ba khubelu ba hole, empa baki ea eona e putsoa. Lebitso la bobeli le ikhethang ke cinereoargenteus, le fetoletsoeng e le molora oa molora.
Boholo ba phoofolo bo lekana le katse e ruuoang lapeng, empa mohatla o mosesane o molelele o e etsa hore e shebahale e le kholo ho feta kamoo e leng ka teng. Phokojoe e putsoa e na le maoto a makhuts'oane, a fanang ka chebahalo e tenya. 'Mele o nang le hlooho o ka ba lisenthimithara tse 76 ho isa ho tse 112,' me mohatla o ka ba lisenthimithara tse 35 ho isa ho tse 45. Maoto a khama e tšehali a bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 10 ho isa ho tse 15, bophahamo bo ponang ke lisenthimithara tse 35, 'me boima ba ona ke 3.5-6 lik'hilograma.
Ho na le phapang e kholo ea boholo ba libaka le ka bomong. Liphokojoe tse putsoa karolong e ka leboea ea mokoloko li atisa ho ba kholo ho feta ka boroa. Tse tona hangata li kholo ho 5-15% ho feta tsehali. Ho lumeloa hore batho ba tsoang libakeng tse ka leboea tsa sebaka sena ba mebala e mengata ho feta baahi ba libaka tse ka boroa.
Li-subspecies tsa phokojoe e putsoa e tsoang libakeng tsa sehlekehleke - Urocyon littoralis li nyane ho feta tsa naha. Bolelele ba tsona ke 50 cm, ha li pona li bolelele ba 14 cm, mohatla o bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 12 ho isa ho 26. Li-subspecies tsena li na le masapo a mokokotlo a fokolang mohatleng. E kholo ka ho fetisisa e fumanoa sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Catalina, 'me e nyane ka ho fetisisa sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Cruz. Ena ke phokojoe e nyane ka ho fetisisa United States.
'Mele o kaholimo o shebahala o le moputsoa, ka lebaka la hore moriri ka bo mong o motsho, o mosoeu, o mothokoa. Karolo e ka tlase ea molala le mpa e tšoeu, 'me phetoho e bontšoa ke moeli o mofubelu. Bokaholimo ba mohatla ke bohlooho bo nang le mola o motšo oa mahoashe, joalo ka moetse, moriri o theohelang qetellong. Li-paaw li tšoeu, li putsoa ka matheba a khubelu.
Molaleng o mosoeu kaholimo, o motšo haholo ka nko. Moriri o ka tlasa nko le mahlakore a molomo o mosweu, ho fapana le ditedu tse ntsho (vibrissa pads). Khoele e ntšo e namela lehlakoreng ho tloha ka leihlong. 'Mala oa iris oa fetoha, ho batho ba baholo o moputsoa kapa o sootho bo sootho,' me ho a mang e kanna ea ba putsoa.
Phapang lipakeng tsa liphokojoe:
- ka hloohong e khubelu pheletso ea mohatla e tšoeu, ka botšo e ntšo;
- thokoa e na le thiba e khuts'oane ho feta e khubelu;
- tse khubelu li arotse bana, 'me tse bohlooho li na le tse oval;
- bosootho ha bo na "li-stocks tse ntšo" maotong a bona, joalo ka tse khubelu.
Phokojoe e putsoa e lula kae?
Setšoantšo: Grey fox Amerika Leboea
Li-canids tsena li atile merung ea lehong, sehlahleng le libakeng tse majoe libakeng tse futhumetseng, tse ommeng haholo le tse chesang tse mongobo Amerika Leboea le libakeng tse lithaba ka leboea ho Amerika Boroa. Phokojoe e putsoa e ntse e fumanoa haufi le moo motho a lulang teng, leha e le lihlong haholo.
Mefuta ea liphoofolo e atoloha ho tloha moeling o ka boroa oa bohareng le bochabela Canada ho ea liprofinseng tsa Oregon, Nevada, Utah le Colorado ho la United States, ka boroa ho ea leboea ho Venezuela le Colombia. Ho tloha bophirima ho isa bochabela, e fumanoa ho tloha lebopong la Pacific la United States ho fihla mabopong a Atlantic. Mofuta ona ha o hlahe Rockies e ka leboea ea United States kapa libakeng tsa metsi tsa Caribbean. Ho theosa le mashome a lilemo, liphoofolo tse anyesang li atolositse mefuta ea tsona ho ea libakeng tsa bolulo le libakeng tseo pele li neng li se na batho kapa moo li sentsoeng pejana.
Ka bochabela, Leboea. Amerika liphokojoe tsena li lula merung e omeletseng, ea phaene, moo ho nang le masimo a khale le meru. Ka bophirima ho Leboea, li fumaneha merung e tsoakaneng le masimong, morung oa lifate tsa oak (moru oa chaparral), mabopong a matamo a morung. Ba ikamahantse le boemo ba leholimo bo batlang bo omme ka boroa-bophirimela ho United States le leboea Mexico, moo ho nang le lihlahla tse ngata.
Lihlekehleke tse tšeletseng tsa Channel li na le li-subspecies tse tšeletseng tse fapaneng tsa phokojoe e putsoa. Li tloaela batho habonolo, hangata li ruuoa malapeng, li sebelisoa bakeng sa taolo ea likokoanyana.
Phokojoe e putsoa e ja eng?
Setšoantšo: Phokojoe e putsoa sefateng
Ho liphoofolo tsena tse jang liphoofolo tse jang tse ling, lijo li fetoha ho latela sehla le phumaneho ea liphofu, likokoanyana le lisebelisoa tsa semela. Ha e le hantle, li iphepa ka liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nyane, ho kenyeletsoa le litoeba, li-shrews, voles.
Libakeng tse ling, mmutla oa Florida hammoho le mmutla oa California ke lijo tsa bohlokoahali. Dibakeng tse ding moo ho se nang mmutlanyana kapa e seng mekae, mmutla o moputswa o etsa motheo wa lenane la diphoofolo tsena tse jang diphoofolo, haholoholo mariha. Liphokojoe tse putsoa li boetse li ja linonyana tse kang grouse grouse, lihahabi le li-amphibian. Mofuta ona o boetse o ja setopo, mohlala, likhama tse bolailoeng mariha. Likokoanyana tse kang marutle, bo-maleshoane, lirurubele le tšoele, liphoofolo tsena tse se nang lesapo la mokokotlo ke karolo ea lijo tsa phokojoe, haholoholo hlabula.
Liphokojoe tse putsoa ke li-canine tse omnivorous haholo Amerika, tse itšetlehileng haholo ka thepa ea limela ho feta li-coyotes tsa bochabela kapa liphokojoe tse khubelu selemo ho pota, empa haholoholo hlabula le hoetla. Litholoana le monokotsoai (joalo ka fragole tse tloaelehileng, liapole le blueberries), linate (ho kenyeletsoa li-acorn le linate tsa beech) ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea litlama tse lenaneng.
Likarolong tse ling tsa bophirima ba United States, liphokojoe tse bohlooho hangata ke liphoofolo tse jang likokoanyana le tse jang tse ling. Ho ka boleloa se tšoanang ka li-inspecies tse khutsitseng.
Likarolo tsa semelo le mokhoa oa bophelo
Setšoantšo: Grey fox
Dinyantshi tsena di sebetsa ka dinako tsohle tsa selemo. Joalo ka mefuta e meng ea liphokojoe tsa Amerika Leboea, motsoala ea bohlooho o sebetsa bosiu. Liphoofolo tsena, joalo ka molao, li na le sebaka sa phomolo ea mots'eare sefateng kapa sebakeng se nang le limela tse teteaneng, se ba lumellang ho fepa mantsiboea kapa bosiu. Libatana li ka tsoma motšehare, ka maemo a ts'ebetso hangata a fokotseha haholo ha mafube a hlaha.
Liphokojoe tse putsoa ke tsona feela li-canids (ntle le lintja tsa li-raccoon tsa Asia) tse ka hloang lifate habonolo.
Ho fapana le liphokojoe tse khubelu, liphokojoe tse putsoa li hloa mekoalaba, leha li se na boiphihlelo joalo ka li-raccoon kapa likatse. Liphokojoe tse putsoa li hloella lifateng ho ea fepa, ho phomola le ho baleha liphoofolo tse li jang. Bokhoni ba tsona ba ho hloa lifate bo its'etleha ka manala a tsona a bohale, a kobehileng le bokhoni ba tsona ba ho potoloha maoto a ka pele ka molumo o moholo ho feta li-canine tse ling. Sena se ba fa tšoaro e ntle ha ba hloella likutu tsa lifate. Phokojoe e putsoa e khona ho hloa likutu tse kobehileng ebe e tlolela ho tloha lekaleng ho ea lekaleng ho fihla bolelele ba limithara tse 18. Phoofolo e theoha le kutu, mohlala, joalo ka likatse tse ruuoang lapeng, kapa e tlolela holimo makaleng.
Lehaha la phokojoe le entsoe, ho latela sebaka sa bolulo le phumaneho ea setsi sa lijo. Ho tloaelehile hore liphoofolo tsena li tšoaee matlo a tsona ka moroto le mantle ho bontša boemo ba tsona sebakeng seo. Ka ho pata phofu ea eona, sebatana se beha matšoao. Phoofolo e anyesang e balehela lifateng, likutung kapa mekoting. Meaho e joalo e ka ba limithara tse robong kaholimo ho lefatše.
Bafuputsi ba bang ba hlokomela hore liphokojoe tsena li na le lekunutu ebile li lihlong haholo. Ba bang, ho fapana le hoo, ba re liphoofolo li bontša mamello ho batho mme li atamela haufi le matlo, li fetola boits'oaro, li ikamahanya le tikoloho.
Liphokojoe tse putsoa li buisana le tsona li sebelisa mantsoe a fapaneng, ke tsena:
- puruma;
- ho bohola;
- ho qhekella;
- ho honotha;
- ho honotha;
- screeching / Ketso ya ho nyonya.
Nako le nako, batho ba baholo ba ntša makhapetla a holimo, ha bacha ba ntse ba hooa, ba hoeletsa.
Moralo oa sechaba le tlhahiso
Setšoantšo: Cub ea phokojoe e putsoa
Liphokojoe tse putsoa li tsoala hang ka selemo. Ke balekane ba le bang joaloka liphokojoe tse ling tsa Amerika Leboea. Bakeng sa bana, liphoofolo li iketsetsa bolulo ka likutu tsa lifate tse se nang letho kapa ka lifate tse sekoti, hape le ka likhahla tsa moea, lihlahla, mapheo a majoe, tlasa majoe. Ba ka hloella matlong a sa laeloang kapa meahong e kaholimo, hape ba lula mekoting e lahliloeng ea mammot le liphoofolo tse ling. Ba khetha sebaka sa lehaha libakeng tse hloekileng tse nang le lifate, haufi le 'mele ea metsi.
Liphokojoe tse putsoa li kopana ho tloha qetellong ea mariha ho fihlela mathoasong a selemo. Nako e fapana ho latela boholo ba sebaka sa bolulo le bophahamo bo kaholimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle. Ho ikatisa ho etsahala pejana boroa le hamorao leboea. Ho la Michigan e kanna ea ba mathoasong a Hlakubele; Alabama, litlhoro li nyoloha ka Hlakubele. Ha ho na lintlha tse ithutoang ka nako ea bokhachane, e ka bang matsatsi a 53-63.
Likonyana li hlaha qetellong ea Hlakubele kapa Mmesa, boholo ba lithōle ke malinyane a mane, empa e ka fapana ho tloha ho e le 'ngoe ho isa ho e supileng, boima ba eona ha bo fetang 100 g. Ba tsoetsoe ba foufetse, ba bona ka letsatsi la borobong. Li fepa feela lebese la 'm'e ka libeke tse tharo, ebe li fetohela phepong e tsoakaneng. Qetellong ba khaotsa ho anya lebese ka libeke tse tšeletseng. Nakong ea phetoho ho ea lijong tse fapaneng, batsoali, hangata e le bo-mme, ba tlisetsa malinyane lijo tse fapaneng.
Ha ba le likhoeli tse tharo, bacha ba tloha ka mokoting, ba qala ho sebelisa tsebo ea bona ea ho qhomela le ho latela, le ho tsoma le mme oa bona. Ka likhoeli tse 'ne, liphokojoe tse nyane li ikemela. Ho tloha nakong ea ho ikatisa ho fihlela qetellong ea lehlabula, batsoali le bana ba banyenyane ba phela e le lelapa le le leng. Ka hoetla, liphokojoe tse nyane li fetoha batho ba baholo. Ka nako ena, li na le meno a sa feleng, 'me li se ntse li ka itsoma ka botsona. Malapa aa qhalana. Ba batona ba batona ba hola tsebong. Tsehali li hola kamora likhoeli tse 10. Ho hlahisa bana ho ba teng nako e telele ho feta basali.
Ha lelapa le qhalana, bahlankana ba batona ba ka tlohela mosebetsi ho ea batla sebaka sa mahala sa 80 km. Li-bitches li sekametse haholo sebakeng seo ba tsoaletsoeng ho sona, mme e le molao, ha li fete likilomitara tse tharo.
Liphoofolo li ka sebelisa lehaha ka nako efe kapa efe ea selemo ho phomola motšehare, empa khafetsa, nakong ea pelehi le booki. Liphokojoe tse putsoa li phela naheng ka lilemo tse tšeletseng ho isa ho tse robeli. Phoofolo ea khale ka ho fetisisa (e tlalehiloeng) e neng e phela naheng e ne e le lilemo li leshome ka nako ea ho ts'oaroa.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa liphokojoe tse putsoa
Setšoantšo: Phokojoe ea phoofolo e bohlooho
Mofuta ona oa liphoofolo o na le lira tse fokolang naheng. Ka linako tse ling li tsongoa ke li-coyotes tse kholo tsa bochabela, lisele tse khubelu tsa Amerika, liphooko tsa ntsu tse baroetsana, lintsu tsa khauta le liphakoe. Bokhoni ba phoofolo ena ba ho hloa lifate bo e lumella ho qoba ho kopana le libatana tse ling, tse ka eteloang lijong tsa mots'eare. Setša sena se boetse se lumella phokojoe e putsoa hore e lule libakeng tse ts'oanang le masumu a bochabela, a sa arolelane le bona feela sebaka, empa le setsi sa lijo. Kotsi e kholo e emeloa ke linonyana tse jang liphoofolo tse li hlaselang li le holimo. Lynxes hangata e tsoma masea.
Sera se seholo sa sebatana sena ke motho. Ho tsoma le ho tšoasa phoofolo ho lumelloa boholo ba libaka mme libakeng tse ngata sena ke sesosa se ka sehloohong sa lefu. Naheng ea New York, phokojoe e putsoa ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e leshome ea liphoofolo e ka tsongoang bakeng sa boea ba eona. Ho tsoma ho lumelloa ho tloha ka la 25 Mphalane ho fihlela la 15 Hlakola ka nako efe kapa efe ea motšehare kapa bosiu ho sebelisoa lithunya, liqha kapa liqha, empa ho hlokahala lengolo la ho tsoma. Batsomi ba tsomang liphokojoe tse bohlooho ha ba fane ka litlaleho tsa sephetho, ka hona palo ea liphoofolo tse bolailoeng ha e baloe ka tsela efe kapa efe.
Boloetse ke ntho ea bohlokoa ho feta lefu. Ho fapana le phokojoe e khubelu, phokojoe e putsoa e na le boits'ireletso ba tlhaho ho sarcoptic mange (lefu le senyang letlalo). Bo-rabies le bona ha bo fumanehe hara mefuta ena. Maloetse a mantlha ke canine distemper le canine parovirus. Ho likokoana-hloko, li-trematode - Metorchis conjunctus li kotsi ho phokojoe e putsoa.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Setšoantšo: Grey fox
Mofuta ona o tsitsitse hohle sebakeng sa ona sa bolulo. Hangata, liphokojoe li fetoha liphofu tse sa reroang tsa litsomi, hobane boea ba tsona ha bo bohlokoa haholo. Linaha moo phokojoe e putsoa e fumanoang: Belize, Bolivar, Venezuela, Guatemala, Honduras, Canada, Colombia, Costa Rica, Mexico, Nicaragua, Panama, United States, El Salvador. Ke eona feela mofuta oo mofuta oa ona oa tlhaho o koahelang karolo e 'ngoe ea Leboea le karolo ea Amerika Boroa. Baahi ba ajoa hohle ka bongata bo sa lekanang, ho na le libaka tse nang le bongata bo phahameng haholo, haholoholo moo maemo a tikoloho ea tikoloho le tikoloho a ratang sena.
Liphoofolo li fumaneha hohle ka tikoloho ea tsona. Mme li ka lula libakeng tse fapaneng, empa li khetha meru ho feta masabasaba le libaka tse ling tse bulehileng. Phokojoe e putsoa e lekantsoe joalo ka ha e na le Matšoenyeho a Mane, 'me palo ea eona e eketsehile ho feta halofo ea lekholo e fetileng.
Ka lebaka la tlhokeho ya ditlhoko tsa ho tlaleha bakeng sa diphetho tsa ho tsoma, ho thata ho hakanya palo ya diphokojwe tse putswa tse bolailweng ke litsomi. Leha ho le joalo, phuputso ea 2018 ea New York State ea litsomi tsa papali ea ho itlosa bolutu ea liphoofolo tse hlaha e fumane palo e felletseng ea liphokojoe tse putsoa tse bolailoeng e le 3,667.
Har'a mefuta ea lihlekehleke, palo ea li-subspecies tse tharo tsa lihlekehleke tse ka leboea ea fokotseha. Sehlekehlekeng sa San Miguel, palo ea bona ke batho ba 'maloa,' me ka 1993 ho ne ho e-na le makholo a 'maloa (a ka bang 450). Dintsu tsa gauta le mafu a diphoofolo a phethile karolo e kgolo ho fokotseheng ha setjhaba, empa ha di hlalose ka botlalo mabaka a ho theoha hona ha dipalo. Ho pholosa mefuta ena, ho ile ha nkuoa mehato ea ho tsoalisa liphoofolo. Sehlekehlekeng sa Santa Rosa, moo ka 1994 palo ea liphokojoe e neng e le likopi tse fetang 1 500, ka 2000 e ne e theohetse ho 14.
Sehlekehlekeng sa San Clement, lik'hilomithara tse 200 feela ka boroa ho San Miguel, ba boholong tikolohong ea Amerika ba batlile ba felisa mefuta e meng ea lihlekehleke tsa phokojoe e putsoa. Sena se entsoe ka tsietsi, ha ba ntse ba loantša liphoofolo tse jang tse ling tse neng li tsoma mefuta e kotsing ea shrike. Palo ea liphokojoe e theohile ho tloha ho batho ba baholo ba 2 000 ka 1994 ho ea tlase ho 135 ho 2000.
Ho fokotseha ha baahi ho bakoa haholo ke lintsu tsa khauta. Ntsu eo ho thoeng ke ea khauta e nkile sebaka sa ntsu e lefatla kapa e lefatla lihlekehlekeng, eo lijo tsa eona tsa mantlha e neng e le litlhapi. Empa e sentsoe pejana ka lebaka la ts'ebeliso ea DDT. Ntsu ea khauta e ile ea tsoma likolobe tse hlaha pele, 'me kamora ho felisoa ha tsona, tsa fetohela liphokojoe tse putsoa. Li-subspecies tse 'ne tsa liphokojoe tsa sehlekehlekeng li sirelelitsoe ke molao oa koporasi oa US kaha o kotsing ho tloha 2004.
Tsena ke liphoofolo tse tsoang lihlekehlekeng tsena:
- Santa Cruz;
- Santa Rosa;
- San Miguel;
- Santa Catalina.
Hona joale ho nkuoa mehato ea ho eketsa palo ea baahi le ho khutlisa tikoloho ea lihlekehleke tsa Channel Islands.Ho latela liphoofolo, li-collar tsa radio lia hokelloa ho tsona, tse thusang ho tseba hore na liphoofolo li hokae. Boiteko bona bo tlisitse katleho e itseng.
Phokojoe e putsoa ka kakaretso, e na le baahi ba tsitsitseng mme ha e emele lebaka la ho tšoenyeha, ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore li-subspecies tse sa tloaelehang tsa phoofolo ena li phekoloa ka tlhokomelo mme tšusumetso ea anthropogenic e ke ke ea lebisa tlokotsing.
Letsatsi la phatlalatso: 19.04.2019
Letsatsi le ntlafalitsoeng: 19.09.2019 ka 21:52
