Barguzin ke phoofolo e jang nama e ntle ea lelapa la marten le fumanoang merung ea Asia Leboea, e ratoa haholo ka boea ba eona bo bobebe, bo bobebe. Mebala ea boea e tloha botšo bo fifetseng ho isa bosootho bo bobebe Ha lefifi le le 'mala, letlalo le phahama ho feta fantising ea boea. Lebitso Barguzin sable le na le metso ea Seslav mme le metse lipuong tse ngata tsa Europe Bophirimela, mohlomong ka lebaka la khoebo ea boea mathoasong a Mehla e Bohareng. Ka hona, sable ea Russia (sobol) e ile ea fetoha Zobel ea Jeremane, zibelina tsa Sepotoketsi, zibeline ea Sefora, soopeli ea Sefinnishe, Dutch Sabel, jj.
Tšimoloho ea mofuta le tlhaloso
Setšoantšo: Barguzin
Karl von Linne o hlalositse Barguzin ka 1758 bukeng "Nature" tlasa lebitso la Mustela zibellina. Tlhophiso ea mofuta oa Mustelidae e entsoe ke Sergei Ognev morao koana ka 1925. Ka kakaretso, barguzin Martes zibellina e tšoana haholo le morpholoji oa phaene (M. martes), American marten (M. americana) le marten ea Japane (M. melampus). Le ha ho le jwalo, e na le mohatla o mokgutshwane le letlalo le letsho, le phatsimang le ho feta.
Video: Barguzin
E ne e le hore sable ea M. zibellina e ne e kenyelletsa M. melampus e le subspecies, empa lithuto tsa morao-rao tsa lefutso li tiisa boemo ba mefuta e 'meli e arohaneng ea barguzin le marten ea Japane.
Taba e khahlisang: Li-barguzins tse kholo ka ho fetisisa li fumaneha Kamchatka, tse boholo bo mahareng Altai le Urals, mme batho ba banyane ka ho fetesisa ba lula libakeng tsa Ussuri le Amur ka Bochabela bo Hare ba Russia le Hokkaido Japan. Ba boetse ba khethile libaka tse haufi le Letša la Baikal, Yakutia le Amur, moo 'mala oa bona o leng lefifi haholo. Empa Trans-Urals ho na le mefuta e khanyang ea li-sables.
Bo-rasaense ba bangata ba lekile ho arola mefuta ena ka mefuta e nyane. Li-subspecies tse peli ho isa ho tse mashome a mararo a metso e mene tse ka khonehang li rehiloe mabitso. Mosebetsi oa karohano o thatafalloa le ho feta ke hore sable e lula e fallisetsoa libakeng tse ling. Ntle le moo, sable ho sechaba se le seng e fapane haholo hoo ho leng thata ho fumana likarolo tse tloaelehileng tse e khethollang ho baahi ba bang ba barguzin.
Likhamphani tsa boea Russia ea pele ho phetohelo li ile tsa rekisa matlalo a 25,000 selemo se seng le se seng mme tse ka bang robong ho tse leshome tsa tsona li ile tsa romeloa Jeremane le Fora. Litafole li ile tsa tšoasoa ka maraba a tšepe, hammoho le minks le martens. Ho tsoma ka matla Russia lekholong la bo19 la lilemo le mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo ho bakile ho theoha ho hoholo ha palo ea Barguzins, ka hona ka 1935 thibelo ea lilemo tse hlano ea ho tsoma phoofolo ena e ile ea kengoa tšebetsong, ea lateloa ke lithibelo tsa linako tse ling tsa ho tsoma. Li-quotas tsena, hammoho le nts'etsopele ea mapolasi a barguzin, li lumelletse mofuta ona ho hopola boholo ba sebaka sa ona sa pele le ho fihlela baahi ba phetseng hantle.
Ponahalo le likarolo
Setšoantšo: Barguzin ea liphoofolo
Ka lebaka la ho se tšoane ha ponahalo ea Barguzins libakeng tse fapaneng, ho bile le khang ka palo e nepahetseng ea li-subspecies tse ka tsejoang ka ho hlaka. Kajeno, mefuta e leshome le metso e supileng e fapaneng e amoheloa, empa mehloli e meng ea morao-rao ea mahlale e supile mefuta e meng e ka bang teng ho tloha ho supa ho isa ho mashome a mararo.
'Mele oa Barguzin, joalo ka masole a mangata, o khetholloa ka' mele o molelele, o mosesaane le maoto le matsoho a makhutšoane. Morphologically, Barguzin e tšoana le pine marten, empa e kholo ho feta 'me e na le mohatla o mokhutšoane,' me baki e bosootho ebile e bonolo.
'Mala oa seaparo o fapana ho tlowa ho sootho ho isa botsho. Hlooho hangata e bobebe hanyane ho feta mmele. Ka linako tse ling ho na le moriri o bosoeu kapa o mosehla o arohaneng. Maemong ana, 'mala oa boea ka bomong o ba bobebe kahare mme o fifale ka morao le maotong. Ho batho ba bang, boea bo bobebe bo hlaha molaleng, bo ka ba bosoeu, bosoeu kapa bosehla bo sootho. Seaparo sa mariha se na le moriri o molelele haholo le o bosootho, ha hlabula li ba khutšoanyane, li be mpe ebile li fifale. Molting e etsahala ho tloha ka Hlakubele ho isa Mots'eanong le ho tloha ka Phato ho isa Pulungoana.
M. zibellina e bonts'a ts'oaetso ea thobalano lipakeng tsa banna le basali. Mehala e bolelele ba bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 32 ho isa ho tse 53 (e tona) kapa lisenthimithara tse 30 ho isa ho tse 48 (tse tšehali). Mohatla oa Bushy o bolelele ba 30.5 ho isa ho 46 cm. Ka karolelano, banna ba kholo ho 9% ho basali. Boima ba banna ke ho tloha ho li-gram tsa 1150 ho isa ho 1850, tsa basali ho tloha ho 650 ho isa ho 1600 gram. Mariha, boima bo eketseha ka 7-10%.
Barguzin o lula hokae?
Setšoantšo: Barguzin Russia
Sable Sable e fumaneha hohle Asia leboea, hang ha kabo ea eona e ne e akaretsa sebaka ho tloha Scandinavia ho ea leboea ho China. Hajoale, sebaka sa bolulo sa sebata ha se hole le bophirima, empa se ntse se fumaneha hohle Siberia le leboea la China.
Taba e khahlisang: Ho phatlalatsoa ha barguzin Russia ho amahanngoa le kenyelletso e kholo ea liphoofolo tse 19,000 tikolohong ho tloha ka 1940 ho isa ho 1965.
Sebaka sa pele sa kabo sa Barguzin se ne se koahetse boholo ba leboea la Eurasia, hape se kenyelletsa Scandinavia. Libakeng tse ling tsa kabo ea tsona, li ile tsa nyamela; ka hona kajeno ha ba lule bophirima ho Lithaba tsa Ural.
Libaka tsa hajoale tsa kabo li kenyelletsa:
- Russia: hoo e ka bang Siberia eohle ka bochabela ho Urals, ho kenyeletsoa Sakhalin;
- Kazakhstan: karolong e ka leboea-bochabela e haufi le noka ea Bukhtarma le Uba;
- Chaena: sebaka sa kabo se kenyelletsa libaka tse tharo tse arohaneng: moeling oa Altai Xinjiang, Lithabeng tsa Great Khingan mme mohlomong, hape le Lithabeng tse Nyane tsa Khingan, Lithabeng tsa Changbai;
- Mongolia: Altai le merung;
- Korea Leboea: Lithabeng tsa Changbai le boroa ho lithaba;
- Japane: sehlekehlekeng sa Hokkaido.
Kabo e ka bophirima ea Barguzin e kenyelletsa Lithaba tsa Ural, moo ka kutloelo-bohloko li lulang le li-red mart martens. Mofuta ona o rata meru e teteaneng ea taiga, lithoteng le libakeng tse lithaba tsa leboea ho Asia. Barguzin M. zibellina e fumanoa merung ea phaene le ea kedare ea Siberia ea Bochabela, hammoho le merung ea larch le ea phaene ea Siberia. O bonahala feela a ntse a qoba litlhoro tse phahameng haholo tse lithaba. Mofuta ona ke oa lefats'eng haholo le mekoti mokatong oa moru.
Barguzin e ja eng?
Setšoantšo: Barguzin ka tlhaho
Lijo tsa Barguzin lia fapana ho latela nako. Li ja litoeba tse jang liphoofolo tse ling, chipmunks, squirrels, mahe a linonyana, linonyana tse nyane esita le litlhapi. Liphoofolo le tsona li ka ja monokotsoai, linate tsa phaene le limela ha mehloli ea mantlha ea lijo e sa fumanehe. Maemong a leholimo a mabe, barguzin M. zibellina e boloka liphofu ka har'a lehaha la eona ho iphelisa ho fihlela e ka tsoma hape. Liphoofolo le tsona li tsoma ermine, linonyana le li-weasel tse nyane.
Ka linako tse ling li-barguzin li latela mehato ea liphiri kapa libere ebe li fepa mesaletsa ea mekete ea tsona. Phoofolo e ka iphepa ka likhetla, joalo ka li-slugs, tseo ba li tšelang fatše ho tlosa mamina. Litseko ka linako tse ling li ja litlhapi tse ts'oasoang ka maoto a tsona a ka pele. Boholo ba lijo tsa bona bo na le litoeba tse nyane. Siberia, litoeba li etsa karolo e fetang 50% ea lijo tsa sable. Mariha, ha li itšireletsa serameng le lehloeng, hangata li iphepa ka monokotšoai oa morung.
Liphoofolo tse ling tse anyesang li ka kenyelletsa:
- liprotheine;
- li-pikas;
- mokokotlo;
- mmmot;
- hares;
- likhama tse nyane tsa musk (musk deer).
Lijo tsa liphoofolo le tsona li kenyelletsa linonyana, litlhapi le likokoanyana. Ho feta moo, phoofolo e nyeka mahe a linotši lihlaheng tsa linotsi. Limela li etsa karolo ea bohlokoa ea lijo tsa bona. Bohareng ba Yenisei, ho fumanoe hore sable ea lehae e iphepa ka 20% ea peo ea phaene le blueberry. Li-Barguzin li tsoma haholo-holo ka molumo le monko, 'me li mamela ka hloko. Ba tšoaea sebaka sa bona ka monko o hlahisoang ke litšoelesa ka mpeng ea bona.
Hona joale o tseba ho fepa Barguzin. A re boneng hore na o phela joang naheng.
Likarolo tsa semelo le mokhoa oa bophelo
Setšoantšo: Barguzin mariha
Boholo ba litafole li tsamaea fatše, empa li khona ho hloa hantle. Ba theha lihlaha tse 'maloa sebakeng sa bona pela mabopo a noka le libakeng tse teteaneng ka ho fetisisa morung, haholo-holo ka likutu tsa lifate tse se nang letho, mapetsong kapa tlas'a metso ea lifate, eo ba e hasang ka limela kapa moriri o omileng. Likoti tsena li etsoa hore li bolokehe kamoo ho ka khonehang.
Sebaka sa Barguzin se tloha ho 4 ho isa ho tse 30 km². Boholo bo ipapisitse le sebaka sa bolulo ka hona ho lijo tse ka bang teng, hammoho le lilemo tsa phoofolo. Letsatsi le leng le le leng sable e feta 6.5-12 km ka hare ho sebaka sa eona. Maemong a ikhethileng, sebaka se ka ba 30 km, empa ho fumanoe ho falla ha 300 km.
Sable e sebetsa haholo ka shoalane, empa e ka tsamaea bosiu, empa ka seoelo motšehare. Ha ho bata haholo, hangata ba qeta matsatsi a 'maloa ka sehlaheng sa bona. Ho ea pele ho etsahala ka lebaka la ho tlola ho nyane ka bophara ba lisenthimithara tse 40 ho isa ho tse 70. hole.
Taba e khahlisang: Sebopeho sa lilemo tsa mofuta ona, se khethiloeng ke mokhoa oa botsofali, se tjena: bana ba 62.7%; ba selemo se le seng 12.5%; Lilemo tse 2-4 - 2.7-5.5%; Lilemo tse 5-7 - 1.5-3.7%, liphoofolo tse lilemo li 8 le ho feta - 0.4-1.7% ho Urals le 75.6%, 5.7%, 2.7-4.9%, 0.8-2.5% le 0.2-1.4%, ka ho latellana, ho Sayan Bophirimela. Sekhahla sa pholoho ea selemo le selemo sa li-sables: 19.9% bakeng sa bacha, 44.0% bakeng sa selemo le 75.9-79.4% ea liphoofolo ka lilemo tse 2-9 ho Urals le 33.0%, 59.6% le 49.3-75 , 8%, ka ho latellana, ho Sayan Bophirimela.
Lipolasing, li-barguzin li phela ho fihlela lilemo tse 18, ha li ntse li le naheng, batho ba litsiane ba na le nako e telele ea ho phela ea lilemo tse 9-10; li-barguzin tsa khale ha li fumanehe hangata. Hoo e ka bang likarolo tse peli ho tse tharo tsa sable ea naha e ka tlase ho lilemo tse peli.
Moralo oa sechaba le tlhahiso
Setšoantšo: Little Barguzin
Ho hlokomeloa hore banna, ba tšoaeang sebaka sa bona, ba theha mekhabiso kapa likoti tse nyane lehloeng tse bolelele ba mithara, tse tsamaeang le ho ntša metsi khafetsa. Ho nyallana ho etsahala pakeng tsa la 15 Phuptjane le la 15 Phato, 'me letsatsi le fapana ho ea ka libaka. Libakeng tseo ho tsona batho ba seng bakae, mekhoa ea lefereho e kenyelletsa ho matha, ho qhomela le “melumo ea katse” lipakeng tsa tse tona le tse tšehali. Leha ho le joalo, libakeng tseo mekhahlelo ea phepelo ea banna e fetang ka eona, tlholisano ea basali e ka lebisa lintoeng tse matla.
Kamora ho emisoa, sele e emolisitsoeng ha e kenngoe leboteng la popelo ea basali. Ho kenella ho etsahala kamora likhoeli tse robeli, mme kholo ea embryonic e nka matsatsi a 25-30 feela. Leha ho le joalo, nako eohle ea kemaro ke matsatsi a 250 ho isa ho a 300. Litala tsa basali li tloha ho 1 ho isa ho 7 malinyane, empa litter tse nyane tsa batho ba 2-3 li atile haholo. Ho li-barguzin tse ling ho hlokomeloa tlhokomelo ea bo-ntate, joalo ka ha banna ba sireletsa sebaka sa basali mme ba bile ba fa bo-mme ba anyesang le bana ba bona lijo.
Li-barguzin tse sa tsoa tsoaloa li tsoaloa li se na thuso, ka mahlo a koetsoeng le moriri o mosesaane haholo. Masea a boima ba ligrama tse 25 ho ea ho tse 35 'me ka karolelano a bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 10. Barguzits ba bula mahlo a bona pakeng tsa matsatsi a 30 le 36 a bophelo ba bona' me ba tloha sehlaheng kapelenyana kamora moo. Kamora libeke tse supileng li hlahile, li khoesoa 'me li fuoa lijo tse hlafunuoeng ho' m'a tsona. Barguzins ba fihlela kholo ea thobalano selemong sa bobeli sa bophelo.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa Barguzins
Setšoantšo: Barguzin
Ntle le lefu la tlhaho, li-barguzin li ka hlaseloa ke mefuta e robeli ea liphoofolo tse anyesang le mefuta e robeli ea linonyana. Banyalani ba sable sebakeng sa eona sa bolulo ke libatana tse jang liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo. Phoofolo e ka ba le bothata ba ho ba teng ha mefuta e 34 ea li-helminths, mefuta e 19 ea li-fleas le mefuta e meraro ea likokoanyana tsa gamasid, tse hlalosoang e le likokoana-hloko tsa sable.
Diphoofolo tse ka sehloohong tsa Barguzin di kenyelletsa diphoofolo tse mmalwa tse kgolwanyane, e leng:
- liphiri;
- liphiri
- lynx;
- lintsu;
- liphooko;
- liphokojoe;
- linonyana tse ling tse jang nama (tse kang phakoe);
- dinkwe;
- diphooko tse kgolo.
Li-barguzin li na le manala a bohale le meno a bohale, a li lumellang ho itšireletsa ka mokhoa o atlehileng khahlano le liphoofolo tse jang tse ling tse ngata. Leha ho le joalo, sebata se kotsi ka ho fetisisa ke motho, hobane ka makholo a lilemo ho ne ho lumeloa hore sable e na le e 'ngoe ea matlalo a bohlokoahali. Liphoofolo li ne li tsejoa hohle ho tloha lekholong la boraro la lilemo BC. Ka lebaka la tlhompho, batho ba Baskitha ba ile ba romela boea ba bohlokoa ho lefats'e la Greece ka mose ho Leoatle le Letšo.
Hamorao, matlalo a sable a ile a fetoha letšoao la boemo, haholo Russia. Moqhaka oa li-tsars tsa Russia o ne o khabisitsoe ka boea ba bohlokoa ba sable ho fihlela lekholong la bo17 la lilemo. Batho ba hapiloeng ba Siberia ba ile ba lefa sethabathaba ka matlalo a sable. Ka lebaka leo, ka lebaka la ho tsoma ka mokhoa o feteletseng, sable e ile ea fetoha ntho e sa tloaelehang mathoasong a lekholo la bo20 la lilemo. Litheko tsa Sable ka 2010 e ne e le $ 167 bakeng sa boea ba sable le $ 138 bakeng sa ho tsoma naheng. Ha e le hantle, matlalo a liphoofolo tse lengoang joale a fuoa 'marakeng.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Setšoantšo: Barguzin ea liphoofolo
Sable ke oa sehlopha sa liphoofolo tse sa ameheng haholo, hobane ho latela likhakanyo tsa pele, ho abuoa batho ba fetang limilione tse peli Eurasia. Boholo ba mefuta ea eona, ha ho na kotsi ea ho fokotseha ka bongata, leha ho na le ho theoha linaheng tse ling tse etsang karolo e nyane feela ea sebaka sa eona.
Taba e khahlisang: Soviet Union, ho tsoma le ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa barguzin ho ne ho thibetsoe lipakeng tsa 194 le 1960, nakong eo lisabole tse 20 000 li ileng tsa lokolloa masimong ho ea naheng. Mehato ena e lebisitse ho nnete ea hore kajeno baahi ba li-barguzins naheng eo ba se ba hlaphohetsoe ka botlalo, 'me IUCN e lumela hore ha ho letho le sokelang phoofolo.
Lebaka le ka sehloohong la ho fokotseha ha lipalo ke ho tsoma mariha. Leha ho le joalo, Russia, sable e sebelisoa hampe ho latela li-quotas tse ipapisitseng le mahlale, ka hona ho tsoma hona ha ho kotsi ho mofuta ona. Sebaka se seng sa bolulo se lahlehile ka lebaka la ho rengoa ha meru, kaho ea likhokahanyo le nts'etsopele ea merafo e mecha, libaka tsa oli le khase.
Barguzin e sirelelitsoe libakeng tsa tlhaho tsa naha le lirapeng tsa boikhathollo tsa naha. Kantle ho libaka tse sirelelitsoeng, kotulo ea sable Russia e laoloa ka thata ke litekanyetso tsa ho tsoma sebakeng ka seng mme e lekantsoe ka nako ho tloha la 15 Mphalane ho isa la 29 Hlakola. Libaka tsa mantlha moo Barguzin e sirelelitsoeng ke libaka tsa polokelo ea tlhaho tsa mmuso tse 41 tse nang le sebaka se akaretsang sa 164,960 km².
Chaena, ho tsoma ho thibetsoe ho pholletsa le sebaka sa 215,678 km² moo mofuta ona o bolokoang teng. Mongolia, e khetholloa e le tlokotsing. Ho DPRK barguzin khetholloa e le kotsing e kholo. Japane, subspecies ea lehae e sirelelitsoe ho tloha ka 1920 mme hajoale e thathamisitsoe e le kotsing. Ha ho na likhakanyo tsa bongata bakeng sa Japane, Korea kapa Kazakhstan, mme likarolo tse nang le baahi ba linaha tsena li etsa karolo e nyane feela ea mefuta ea lefats'e ea mofuta ona.
Letsatsi la phatlalatso: 07/14/2019
Letsatsi le ntlafalitsoeng: 25.09.2019 ka 20:13
