Crane ea Demoiselle Ke mofuta o monyane ka ho fetisisa oa li-cranes. Nonyana ena hangata e boleloa lingoliloeng le lithothokisong tsa India Leboea le Pakistan. Ponahalo ea eona e ntle e susumetsa papiso e 'maloa lipakeng tsa basali ba batle le kerene ena. Hlooho ea Demoiselle Crane e koahetsoe ke masiba mme ha e na matheba a khubelu a letlalo a tloaelehileng mefuteng e meng ea crane.
Tšimoloho ea mofuta le tlhaloso
Setšoantšo: Demoiselle crane
Demoiselle Cranes ke linonyana tse fallang tse tsoalang Europe Bohareng le Asia, 'me mariha ke haholo-holo Afrika Leboea, India le Pakistan. Ke linonyana tsa makhulo a ommeng (a kenyeletsang libaka tsa steppe le savannah), empa li ka fihlella metsi.
Li-cranes tsa Demoiselle li bokana ka mehlape e meholo ho falla. Li tloha makhulong a tsona a ka leboea mathoasong a hoetla ebe li khutla nakong ea selemo. Liphoofolo li boloka mehlape e meholo nakong ea mariha, empa lia qhalana ebile li bontša boits'oaro ba libaka ha li lula lehlabula. Phallo ea crane ea Demoiselle e telele ebile e thata hoo batho ba bangata ba bolaoang ke tlala kapa mokhathala.
Video: Demoiselle Crane
E le molao, Demoiselle Cranes li khetha ho fallela libakeng tse tlase, empa batho ba bang ba fihla bophahamong ho tloha ho 4 ho isa ho tse 8 km, ba feta lipakeng tsa lithaba tsa Himalaya ho ea libakeng tsa bona tsa mariha India. Li-cranes tsena li ka fumanoa hammoho le li-cranes tsa Eurasia libakeng tsa bona tsa mariha, leha libakeng tsena tse kholo li ts'ehetsa lihlopha tse arohaneng tsa sechaba.
Nakong ea likhoeli tsa Hlakubele le Mmesa, Demoiselle crane e fofa leboea ho ea libakeng tsa eona tsa sehlaha. Mohlape nakong ea phallo ena e khutlang e pakeng tsa linonyana tse 'ne ho isa ho tse leshome. Ho feta moo, nakong eohle ea ho ikatisa, li-cranes tsena li fepa li le har'a batho ba ka bang supileng.
Ponahalo le likarolo
Setšoantšo: Demoiselle Crane e shebahala joang
Bolelele ba crane ea Demoiselle e ka ba 90 cm, boima - 2-3 kg. Molala le hlooho ea nonyana hangata e ntšo, 'me masiba a malelele a masiba a masoeu a bonahala hantle kamora mahlo. Lentsoe la bona le utloahala joalo ka molumo o monate, o phahameng ebile o monate ho feta lentsoe la crane e tloaelehileng. Ha ho na bofokoli ba thobalano (phapang e hlakileng lipakeng tsa e motona le e motšehali), empa tse tona li kholo ho feta tse tšehali. Linonyana tse nyane li boputsoa bo boputsoa ka hlooho e tšoeu. Masiba a masiba ka mor'a mahlo a bohlooho 'me a lelefalitsoe hanyenyane.
Ho fapana le li-cranes tse ling, li-crane tsa demoiselle ha li ikamahanye le mekhoabo 'me li khetha ho lula libakeng tse nang le joang bo tlase: masabasabaneng, masabasabeng le mahoatateng a bophahamo ba bophahamo ba limithara tse 3000. libaka tse ling tse haufi le metsi: melatsoana, linoka, matša a manyane kapa mabalane. Mofuta ona o thathamisitsoe Bukeng e Khubelu.
Taba e khahlisang: Demoiselle cranes li lula libakeng tsa polokelo ea liphoofolo bonyane lilemo tse 27, leha linonyana tse ling li phela lilemo tse 60 kapa le ho feta (bonyane linyeoe tse tharo li ngolisitsoe). Nako ea bophelo ea mofuta ona naheng ha e tsejoe, empa ehlile e khuts'oane haholo.
Demoiselle Crane e na le hlooho e nang le masiba ka botlalo mme ha e na libaka tse khubelu tsa letlalo le se nang letho tse tloaelehileng haholo mefuteng e meng ea Cranes. Motho e moholo o na le 'mele o moputsoa o tšoanang. Mapheong ho na le masiba a nang le ntlha e ntsho. Hloho le molala di ntsho. Bokapele ba molala bo bontša masiba a matsho a mabe a lepeletseng sefubeng.
Hloohong, moqhaka o bohareng o boputsoa bo bosoeu ho tloha phatleng ho ea moqhaka o ka morao. Lithupa tse tšoeu tsa tsebe, tse tlohang leihlo ho ea ho la occiput, tse entsoeng ke masiba a masoeu a mabe. Molomo o otlolohileng o batla o le mokhutšoanyane, o moputsoa botlaaseng 'me o na le ntlha e khubelu. Mahlo a bofubelu ba lamunu, marapo a matsho. Menoana e mekhuts'oane e lumella nonyana ho matha habonolo mobung o omileng.
'Nete e thabisang: Demoiselle Crane e etsa molumo o lerata, o senang maikutlo, o tšoanang le molumo oa literompeta, o ka etsisoang joalo ka "krla-krla" kapa "krl-krl".
Demoiselle Crane e lula kae?
Setšoantšo: Demoiselle crane
Ho na le libaka tse 6 tsa mantlha tsa baahi ba Demoiselle Crane:
- palo e ntseng e fokotseha butle ea baahi ba 70,000 ho ea ho 100,000 e fumanoa Asia Bochabela;
- Asia Bohareng ho na le baahi ba ntseng ba eketseha butle-butle ba 100,000;
- Kalmykia ke bolulo ba boraro bochabela bo nang le batho ba 30,000 ho isa ho 35,000, mme palo ena hajoale e tsitsitse;
- Afrika Leboea sehlabeng sa Atlas, baahi ba batho ba 50 ba fokotseha;
- palo ea baahi ba 500 ba tsoang Leoatleng le Letšo le eona ea fokotseha;
- Turkey e na le palo e nyane ea ho ikatisa ea batho ba ka tlase ho 100.
Demoiselle crane e lula lihlahleng tse bulehileng mme hangata e etela lithota, masabasaba, masabasaba le makhulo a fapaneng haufi le metsi - melatsoana, matša kapa mekhoabo. Mofuta ona o ka fumanoa mahoatateng le mahoatateng ha ho na le metsi moo. Bakeng sa mariha, phoofolo e sebelisa libaka tse lenngoeng India le libaka tsa bosiu mekhoabong e thata. Libakeng tsa mariha tsa Afrika, o lula lehoatateng le nang le meutloa, mehloa le libaka tse mongobo tse haufi.
Demoiselle cranes ke mefuta ea batho ba tsoang linaheng tse ling e fumanoang libakeng tse fapaneng tsa bolulo. Lihlaha tsa crane tsa Demoiselle Central Eurasia, ho tloha Leoatleng le Letšo ho ea Mongolia le leboea-bochabela ho China. Mariha a kontinenteng ea India le Afrika e ka boroa ho Sahara. Baahi ba ikhethileng ba fumaneha Turkey le Afrika Leboea (Atlas Mountains). Nonyana ena e bonoa ho fihla ho limithara tse 3000 Asia.
Joale ua tseba hore na crane ea Demoiselle e lula kae. A re boneng hore na o ja eng.
Demoiselle Crane e ja eng?
Setšoantšo: Demoiselle crane ha e fofa
Demoiselles li sebetsa motšehare. Li fula haholo-holo hoseng makhulong a bulehileng le masimong, ebe li emisa hammoho letsatsi lohle. Ba ja peo, joang, lisebelisoa tse ling tsa limela, likokoanyana, liboko, mekholutsoane le liphoofolo tse ling tse nyane.
Li-cranes tsa Demoiselle li fepa lijo tsa limela le tsa liphoofolo ka bobeli. Lijo tsa mantlha li kenyelletsa likarolo tsa limela, lijo-thollo, matokomane, limela tsa linaoa. Demoiselle crane e fepa butle, e iphepa haholo ka lijo tsa limela, empa hape e fepa likokoanyana hlabula, hammoho le liboko, mekholutsoane le likokoana-hloko tse nyane.
Nakong ea ho falla, mehlape e meholo e emisa libakeng tse lenngoeng, joalo ka libaka tsa mariha India, moo li ka senyang lijalo. Kahoo, li-cranes tsa belladonna li omnivorous, li sebelisa lisebelisoa tse ngata tsa limela selemo ho pota mme li tlatselletsa lijo tsa tsona le liphoofolo tse ling.
Likoloi tsa Demoiselle li ka nkuoa e le:
- liphoofolo tse jang nama;
- liphoofolo tse jang likokoanyana;
- ba jang likhetla;
- liphoofolo tse khethollang;
- ba jang dijalo tse behang.
Haholo-holo lijo tsa bona li kenyelletsa: peo, makhasi, li-acorn, linate, monokotšoai, litholoana, litšila tsa lijo-thollo, liphoofolo tse anyesang tse nyane, linonyana, likokoanyana, liboko, likhofu, marutle, bo-maleshoane, linoha, mekholutsoane le litoeba.
Likarolo tsa semelo le mokhoa oa bophelo
Setšoantšo: Demoiselle crane e Russia
Demoiselle cranes e ka ba boinotšing le sechabeng. Ntle le mesebetsi ea mantlha ea ho ja, ho robala, ho tsamaea, jj., Ba le bang ha ba etsa borashe, ho tsukutla, ho hlapa, ho ngoapa, ho otlolla matsoho, ho teneha le ho daea masiba. Di mafolofolo motshehare ha di fepa, fepa, dihlaha le ho hlokomela bana ha sehla sa tswadiso se fihla. Nakong ea ho se ikatise, li buisana ka mehlape.
Bosiu, Demoiselle Cranes e its'etleha ka leoto le le leng, 'me hlooho le molala li patiloe ka tlasa kapa lehetleng. Likhorane tsena ke linonyana tse fallang tse tsamaeang libaka tse telele ho tloha moo li ikatisang teng ho ea mariha. Ho tloha ka Phato ho isa Loetse, li bokellana ka mehlape ea batho ba 400, ebe li fallela mariha. Ka Hlakubele le Mmesa, li khutlela leboea libakeng tsa tsona tsa sehlaha. Mehlape ea linonyana tse khutlang e fofa linonyana tse 4 ho isa ho tse 10 feela. Nakong ea nako ea ho ikatisa, li fepa hammoho le tse ling tse supileng.
Joalo ka mefuta eohle ea likhohlo, Demoiselle crane e etsa litšebeletso le moetlo o motle, leferehong le boits'oarong ba sechaba. Litšoantšiso kapa metjeko ena e na le metsamao e hokahaneng, ho tlola, ho matha le ho akhela likarolo tsa semela moeeng. Metjeko ea crane ea demoiselle e tloaetse ho ba mahlahahlaha ho feta mefuta e meholo mme e hlalosoa e le "e tšoanang le ballet," ka lipono tse ngata tsa lebaleng.
Demoiselle crane e falla le ho haola le lithaba tse telele tsa Himalaya, ha baahi ba bang ba haola le mahoatata a pharalletseng a Middle East le Leboea la Afrika ho fihla libakeng tsa bona tsa mariha. Baahi ba fokolang ba Turkey ho bonahala ba sa sebetse kahare ho sebaka sa bona. Qalong, mehlape e fallang e ka ba le linonyana tse ka bang 400, empa ha li fihla libakeng tsa mariha, li bokana ka mehlape e meholo ea batho ba likete tse 'maloa.
Demoiselle crane, joalo ka mefuta e meng ea linonyana, e tlameha ho qala ho matha fatše ho fumana lebelo le ho fofa. E fofa ka marapo a tebileng, a matla a mapheo 'me e phahama ka mor'a ho atamela ka maoto a leketlileng, mapheo a hasane le mohatla. Ha e ntse e fallela holim'a lithaba tse telele, e ka fofa bophahamong ba limithara tse 5 000 ho isa ho tse 8000.
Moralo oa sechaba le tlhahiso
Setšoantšo: Demoiselle crane chick
Nako ea ho ikatisa e etsahala ka Mmesa-Mots'eanong ho fihlela qetellong ea Phuptjane likarolong tse ka leboea tsa mokoloko. Lihlaha tsa crane tsa Demoiselle mobung o omileng, lehlohlojaneng, joang bo bulehileng kapa libakeng tse alafiloeng. Banyalani bana ba ba mabifi ebile ba lula libakeng tse ling, 'me ba sireletsa libaka tsa bona tsa sehlaha. Ba ka hohela liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo ka sehlaheng ka mofuta oa "lepheo le robehileng".
E tshehadi e behela mahe a mabedi ka nako fatshe. Majoe a mang a manyane kapa limela ka linako tse ling li bokelloa ke batho ba baholo bakeng sa ho ipata le ho itšireletsa, empa sehlaha se lula se le sebopeho se fokolang. Ts'ebetso e nka matsatsi a 27-29, a arotsoeng pakeng tsa batho ba baholo. Litsuonyana tse tlase li boputsoa ka hlooho e sootho e sootho 'me ka tlas'a eona e tšoeu e sootho.
Li feptjoa ke batsoali ka bobeli 'me haufinyane li latela tse kholo kamora ho qhotsoa ho ea libakeng tse haufi tsa ho fepa. Li qala ho fofa matsatsi a ka bang 55 ho isa ho a 65 kamora ho qhotsoa, nako e khuts'oane haholo ho linonyana tse kholo. Kamora likhoeli tse 10, lia ikemela 'me li ka qala ho ikatisa li le lilemo li 4-8. Hangata Demoiselle Cranes e ka ikatisa hang kamora lilemo tse ling le tse ling tse peli.
'Nete e khahlisang: Demoiselle cranes li na le molekane a le mong, para ea tsona e lula le bona bophelo bohle ba bona.
Linonyana li qeta nako e ka etsang khoeli li ikoetlisa ho itokisetsa ho falla ha tsona ka hoetla. Demoiselle Cranes e nyane e felehetsa batsoali ba bona nakong ea ho falla ka hoetla mme ba lula le bona ho fihlela mariha a pele.
Ha motho a le botlamuoeng, nako ea bophelo ea Demoiselle Cranes ke bonyane lilemo tse 27, leha ho na le bopaki ba li-cranes tse itseng tse phetseng lilemo tse fetang 67. Nako ea linonyana tse hlaha ha e tsejoe hajoale. Kaha bophelo ba tlhaho bo kotsi ho feta, ho nahanoa hore bophelo ba crane bo bokhutšoanyane ho feta ba ba phelang botlamuoeng.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa crane ea Demoiselle
Setšoantšo: Demoiselle crane
Cranes e nyane ka ho fetisisa, Demoiselle Cranes e kotsing ea ho hlaseloa ke liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo ho feta mefuta e meng. Li boetse lia tsongoa libakeng tse ling tsa lefats'e. Libakeng moo li senyang lijalo, li-cranes li ka nkuoa e le tse senyang lijalo mme li ka bolaoa kapa tsa chesoa ke batho.
Ha ho tsejoe hakaalo ka liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tsa Demoiselle Cranes. Ha ho na tlhahisoleseling e nyane mabapi le lira tsa tlhaho tsa mofuta ona ntle le mefuta e sokelang sebaka sa ho ikatisa sa li-cranes tsena.
Har'a libatana tse tsebahalang tsa Demoiselle Cranes ke:
- bustard;
- lintja tse ruuoang lapeng;
- liphokojoe.
Demoiselle cranes ke basireletsi ba matla ba lihlaha tsa bona, ba khona ho hlasela lintsu le li-bustard, ba ka lelekisa liphokojoe le lintja. Batho le bona ba ka nkuoa e le liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo hobane, leha ho se molaong ho tsoma mofuta ona, mekhelo e etsoa libakeng tse futsanehileng.
'Nete e Monate: Daneiselle cranes li na le mekhoa e fapaneng ea puisano e li thusang ho itšireletsa ho liphoofolo tse li jang, joalo ka maemo a fapaneng a ts'okelo, ho bina ka mantsoe, pono, molomo le ho koala liphetoho ho fepa le ho sebetsa ka nepo, le' mala o moputsoa oa batho ba baholo le mahe a botala bo mosehla a nang le matheba a lavender, a thusang ho ipata ho lira.
Demoiselle Cranes li sebelisana le mefuta e meng e mengata. Ntle le moo, li-cranes tsena li amohela likokoana-hloko tsa li-nematode tse fapaneng, joalo ka seboko se khubelu sa tracheal kapa seboko se potolohileng, e leng likokoana-hloko tsa mala. Coccidia ke pharasaete e nngwe e tšoaetsang mala le litho tse ling tsa ka hare tsa nonyana, joalo ka pelo, sebete, liphio le matšoafo.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Setšoantšo: Demoiselle Crane e shebahala joang
Hajoale, palo ea baahi ba li-cranes tsena ha e kotsing. Leha ho le joalo, likarolong tse ling tsa mefuta ea tsona, li nkuoa e le likokonyana tsa lijalo tsa temo, kaha li senya lijalo mme ka lebaka lena li ka fuoa chefo kapa tsa bolaoa. Mananeo a ts'ireletso a se a ntse a le teng linaheng tse ling ho laola ho tsoma le ho sireletsa nonyana le sebaka sa eona sa bolulo.
Ba boetse ba sokeloa ke likhohola tsa metsi le tahlehelo ea bolulo, 'me ba na le khatello ea khatello ea ho tsoma. Ba bang ba bolaeloa papali kapa lijo, hape ho na le khoebo e seng molaong ea liphoofolo Pakistan le Afghanistan. Ho senyeha ha tikoloho ho hlaha masabasabeng ho pholletsa le mefuta eohle, hammoho le libakeng tsa mariha le litselaneng tsa ho falla.
Kahoo, litšokelo tse latelang li ka tsejoa tse amang baahi ba Demoiselle Cranes:
- phetoho ea makhulo;
- liphetoho tšebelisong ea mobu oa temo;
- ho noa metsi;
- katoloso ea litoropo le nts'etsopele ea mobu;
- ho lema moru;
- liphetoho tsa limela;
- tšilafalo ea tikoloho;
- ho thulana le mela ea lits'ebeletso;
- ho tšoasa litlhapi tse feteletseng tsa batho;
- ho tsongoa hampe;
- leraba le phelang la khoebo ea lapeng le khoebo;
- chefo.
Palo ea Demoiselle Cranes e ka bang batho ba 230,000-261,000. Ho sa le joalo, Europe, palo ea batho ba mofuta ona e hakanyetsoa lipakeng tsa lipara tse 9 700 le 13,300 (batho ba 19,400-26,500 ba holileng tsebong). Ho na le mefuta e ka bang 100-10,000 ea ho ikatisa Chaena, moo linonyana tse 50-1,000 li fallang. Ka kakaretso, hajoale mofuta ona o se o khethiloe e le mofuta o kotsing e nyane haholo, mme lipalo tsa ona lia eketseha kajeno.
Ts'ireletso ea Demoiselle Crane
Setšoantšo: Demoiselle crane e tsoang ho Red Book
Bokamoso ba Demoiselle Cranes bo tsitsitse ebile bo sireletsehile ho feta ba mefuta e meng ea cranes. Leha ho le joalo, ho nkuoa mehato ho fokotsa litšokelo tse thathamisitsoeng kaholimo.
Mehato ea paballo e seng e tsoetse crane tsena molemo ho fihlela joale e kenyelletsa:
- tshireletso;
- theho ea libaka tse sirelelitsoeng;
- liphuputso tsa lehae le lithuto tsa litsela tsa ho falla;
- nts'etsopele ea mananeo a ho lekola;
- ho fumaneha ha phapanyetsano ea tlhaiso-leseling.
Hajoale, mananeo a mmuso a thuto a ntse a ntlafatsoa libakeng tsa ho ikatisa le tsa ho fallisa tsa Demoiselle Cranes, hammoho le mananeo a mang a ikhethang a thuto ka ho nka karolo ha litsomi Afghanistan le Pakistan. Mananeo ana a tla fana ka tlhokomeliso e kholo ea sechaba ka mefuta ena mme re ts'epa hore qetellong e tla fana ka ts'ehetso e eketsehileng bakeng sa paballo ea Demoiselle Cranes.
Cranes: Tlhatlhobo ea Boemo le Morero oa Ts'ebetso ea Paballo e lekotse boemo ba paballo ea batho ba libaka tse tšeletseng tsa tikoloho moo Demoiselles e leng teng.
Tekolo ea bona e tjena:
- palo ea baahi ba Atlas e kotsing;
- palo ea baahi ba Leoatle le Letšo e kotsing;
- Baahi ba Turkey ba kotsing;
- Baahi ba Kalmykia - kotsi e tlase;
- Kazakhstan / Asia Bohareng - kotsi e tlase;
- baahi ba Asia Bochabela ba tlokotsing.
Likoloi ka kakaretso haesale li khothatsa batho ka bonono, litšōmo, litšōmo le lintho tsa khale, li lula li tsosa maikutlo a matla. Li ne li boetse li laola bolumeli ebile li hlaha litšoantšong tsa litšoantšo, li-petroglyphs le letsopeng. Mabitleng a khale a Baegepeta Crane ea Demoiselle e ne e hlahisoa ke bataki ba nako eo khafetsa haholo.
Letsatsi la phatlalatso: 08/03/2019
Letsatsi la ho nchafatsa: 28.09.2019 ka 11:50
