Ecology (Oikology ea Russia ea pele ho bongaka) (e tsoang ho Greek οἶκος ea khale - ho lula, ho lula, ntlo, thepa le λόγος - mohopolo, thuto, mahlale) Ke mahlale a ithutang melao ea tlhaho, tšebelisano ea lintho tse phelang le tikoloho. Pele ho hlahisitsoe mohopolo oa tikoloho le Ernst Haeckel ka 1866... Leha ho le joalo, batho esale ba thahasella liphiri tsa tlhaho ho tloha mehleng ea khale, ba ne ba e-na le maikutlo a hlokolosi ka eona. Ho na le likhopolo tse makholo tsa lentsoe "ecology"; ka linako tse fapaneng, boramahlale ba fane ka litlhaloso tsa bona ka ecology. Lentsoe ka bolona le na le likaroloana tse peli, ho tsoa ho Greek "oikos" e fetoleloa joalo ka ntlo, le "logos" - joalo ka thuto.
Ka nts'etsopele ea mahlale a morao-rao, boemo ba tikoloho bo ile ba qala ho senyeha, bo ileng ba hohela sechaba sa lefats'e. Batho ba ile ba hlokomela hore moea o silafetse, mefuta ea liphoofolo le limela e ne e nyamela, 'me metsi a linokeng a ne a senyeha. Liketsahalo tsena le tse ling tse ngata li 'nile tsa bitsoa mathata a tikoloho.
Mathata a tikoloho lefatšeng ka bophara
Mathata a mangata a tikoloho a holile ho tloha sebakeng sa heno ho ea ho a lefats'e. Ho fetola tikoloho e nyane sebakeng se itseng lefats'eng ho ka ama tikoloho le lefatše. Mohlala, phetoho leqhubu la leoatle la Gulf Stream e tla lebisa liphetohong tse kholo tsa maemo a leholimo le tlelaemete e pholileng Europe le Amerika Leboea.
Kajeno, bo-rasaense ba na le mathata a mangata a tikoloho lefatšeng ka bophara. Mona ke tsa bohlokoa ka ho fetisisa ho tsona tse sokelang bophelo polaneteng:
- - phetoho ea maemo a leholimo;
- - tšilafalo ea moea;
- - ho fela ha mehloli ea metsi a hloekileng;
- - ho fokotseha ha baahi le ho nyamela ha mefuta ea limela le liphoofolo;
- - timetso ea lera la ozone;
- - tšilafalo ea Leoatle la Lefatše;
- - timetso le tšilafalo ea mobu;
- - ho fela ha liminerale;
- - pula ea asiti.
Lena ha se lenane lohle la mathata a lefats'e. Ha re re feela mathata a tikoloho a ka lekanang le koluoa ke tšilafalo ea tikoloho le ho futhumala ha lefatše. Mocheso oa moea o phahama ka +2 likhato tsa Celsius selemo le selemo. Sena se bakoa ke likhase tsa sethopo 'me, ka lebaka leo, phello ea sethopo.
Paris e bile le kopano ea lefats'e ea tikoloho, moo linaha tse ngata lefats'eng ka bophara li ileng tsa itlama ho fokotsa khase e tsoang. Ka lebaka la khase e ngata, leqhoa le qhibiliha lipalo, bophahamo ba metsi bo phahama, e leng se sokelang likhohola tsa lihlekehleke le mabopo a k'honthinente. Ho thibela tlokotsi e tlang, ho hlokahala hore ho hlahisoe liketso tse kopanetsoeng le ho nka mehato e tla thusa ho fokotsa lebelo le ho emisa ts'ebetso ea ho futhumala ha lefatše.
Taba ea ecology
Hajoale, ho na le likarolo tse 'maloa tsa ecology:
- - tikoloho ka kakaretso;
- - bioecology;
- - ecology ea sechaba;
- - ecology ea indasteri;
- - tikoloho ea temo;
- - tlholeho e sebelisitsoeng;
- - ecology ea batho;
- - ecology bongaka.
Karolo ka 'ngoe ea ecology e na le taba eo e ithutoang ka eona. E tsebahalang ka ho fetisisa ke ecology e akaretsang. O ithuta lefats'e le potileng, le nang le tikoloho, likarolo tsa tsona ka seqo - libaka tsa maemo a leholimo le phomolo, mobu, liphoofolo le limela.
Bohlokoa ba ecology ho motho e mong le e mong
Ho hlokomela tikoloho ho fetohile mosebetsi o fesheneng kajeno, sehlongoapele “eco”E sebelisoa hohle. Empa ba bangata ba rona ha re tsebe le ho teba ha mathata ohle. Ho joalo, ho molemo hore palo e kholo ea batho e se e le karolo ea bophelo ba polanete ea rona. Leha ho le joalo, ho bohlokoa ho hlokomela hore boemo ba tikoloho bo ipapisitse le motho ka mong.
Mang kapa mang polaneteng a ka etsa liketso tse bonolo letsatsi le letsatsi tse tla thusa ho ntlafatsa tikoloho. Mohlala, o ka fana ka pampiri ea litšila le ho fokotsa ts'ebeliso ea metsi, boloka matla le ho lahlela lithōle ka moqomong oa lithōle, ho lema limela le ho sebelisa lintho tse ka sebelisoang hape. Ha batho ba latela melao ena, menyetla ea ho boloka polanete ea rona e tla ba ngata.
