Raka ea bamboo Ke litoeba tse iketselitsoeng ho phela ka tlas'a lefatše. Sena ke sehlopha se tummeng haholo sa lelapa mme se na le litho tse tharo. Mebala ea boea e ka fapana haholo lipakeng tsa mefuta ena. Likhoto tsena li amana le li-voles tsa mofuta oa zokor tse ka tlasa lefatše mme li shebahala joalo ka li-zokor tse kholo. Likhoto tsa bamboo ha se hangata li bolokiloeng e le liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng, leha liphoofolo tsena li na le ponahalo ea mantlha ebile e sa tloaelehang.
Tšimoloho ea mofuta le tlhaloso
Setšoantšo: Bamboo Rat
Likhoto tsa 'nete ho lumeloa hore li tsoa Asia. Li qala ho hlaha ka mesaletsa qetellong ea Paleocene le ho Eocene ea pele Asia le Amerika Leboea, lilemong tse ka bang limilione tse 54 tse fetileng. Liphoofolo tsena tsa mantlha ka botsona li bile teng ho tsoa ho baholo-holo ba kang litoeba ba bitsoang Anagalida, moo sehlopha sa Lagomorpha sa lagomorphs le sona se theohileng.
Video: Rat ea Bamboo
Muridae ke lelapa la khale le ileng la tsoala likhoto tsa sejoale-joale, litoeba tsa malapeng, li-hamster, li-voles le li-gerbils, tse ileng tsa hlaha pele qetellong ea Eocene (lilemong tse ka bang limilione tse 34 tse fetileng). Mefuta ea sejoale-joale e kang litoeba e iphetotse Miocene (lilemong tse 23.8-5 tse fetileng) mme ea theoa nakong ea Pliocene (lilemo tse 5.3-1.8 limilione tse fetileng).
Taba e khahlisang: Lekholong la bo18 le la bo19 la lilemo Europe, likhoto li ile tsa tšoaroa tsa ba tsa jeoa nakong ea tlala. Batšoasi ba likhoto ba ile ba hiroa ho felisa likhoto le ho hapa batho ba pheleng ho nka karolo lintoeng tsa likhoto, merabeng ea likhoto le ho theha likoti tsa likhoto. Likhoto tse tšoereng likhoto le tsona li ts'oere le ho boloka likhoto tse hlaha ka masakeng. Nakong ena, likhoto tsa tlhaho tsa albino li ile tsa khethoa ho tsoa ho marotholi a likhoto a hapuoeng bakeng sa ponahalo ea tsona e ikhethang. Likhoto tse hlaha tsa albino tse simolohileng li tlalehiloe ka lekhetlo la pele Europe ka 1553.
Mofuta o moholo oa likhoto o hlahile ka lekhetlo la pele lelapeng la Muridae ho tloha ho 3.5 ho isa ho 5-6 mil. lilemong tse fetileng. E ne e le letsoalloa la Mediterranean, Middle East, India, China, Japane le Asia Boroa-bochabela (ho kenyeletsoa Philippines, New Guinea le Australia). Kamora ho qala, mofuta oa likhoto o ile oa feta likarolo tse peli tsa mofuta o matla, e 'ngoe ea milone e ka bang 2.7. lilemong tse fetileng, 'me e' ngoe e qalile lilemo tse ka bang limilione tse 1.2 tse fetileng mme e ntse e ka tsoela pele kajeno.
Ponahalo le likarolo
Setšoantšo: Rato ea bamboo e shebahala joang
Bolelele ba 'mele oa lehlaka bo tloha ho lisenthimithara tse 16.25 ho isa ho 45.72, mohatla bolelele ba cm 6-7, mme boima ba ona bo tloha ho ligrama tse 210 ho isa ho 340. O atisa ho bitsoa rat ea lehlaka. Liphoofolo li na le litsebe le mahlo a manyane, 'me li ts'oana haholo le sebatli sa poker sa Amerika, ntle le mekotla ea marama e haellang. Rat ea bamboo e na le boea bo teteaneng le bo bonolo hloohong le 'meleng, empa boea bo bonyenyane mohatleng oa eona.
'Mala oa phoofolo ena e anyesang o tloha ho sinamone e bofubelu le chestnut ho ea ho bohlooho bo molora le bo boputsoa likarolong tse kaholimo mme ho ena le hoo ho ba bosootho le ho ba masesaane likarolong tse ka tlase. Batho ba bang ba na le mola o mosoeu kaholimo ho hlooho le mola o mosesane ho tloha seledung ho ea mmetsong. Litsebe tse nyane tsa phoofolo li patiloe ka botlalo ho boea, mme molala ha o phatlalatsoe. Maoto a makgutshwane.
Cannomys badius ke phoofolo e phetseng hantle, e mahareng ka maoto a makhutšoanyane, a matla. Ba na le manala a malelele, a matla a ho cheka le liphahlo tse boreleli bohatong ba maoto a bona. Rat ena e na le li-incisors tse kholo le molars tse nang le meqhaka e sephara le metso. Khoro ea zygomatic e pharaletse haholo 'mele o motenya ebile o boima. Likhoto tsa basali tsa bamboo li na le litšoelesa tse peli tsa matsoele le tse peli ka mpeng.
Taba e khahlisang: Sehlopha sa li-chromosome se karolong e ka sehloohong ea likhoto tsa lehlaka se fihla ho 50, mefuteng e nyane ea lehlaka la bamboo ke mashome a tšeletseng. Ena ke moetlo oa bohlokoahali ho litoeba.
Sebopeho sa lehata se tšoana hantle le bophelo ba phoofolo e anyesang ka tlas'a lefatše. Sebopeho sa sona se petelitsoe, se bataletse ka nqa ea moea. Litšiea tsa Zygomatic li hlahisoa ka mokhoa o hlakileng ebile li khelohela hohle mahlakoreng. Ho cecum ho na le lesaka le tšoanang le moea.
Rat ea bamboo e lula kae?
Setšoantšo: Rat ea bamboo ka tlhaho
Bodulo ba mofuta ona bo tloha botjhabela ba Nepal (2000 m kaholimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle), ka leboea-bochabela ho India, Bhutan, boroa-bochabela ho Bangladesh, Myanmar, boroa ho China, leboea-bophirima. Vietnam, Thailand le Cambodia. Mefuta ea likhoto tsa bamboo hangata e tlalehiloe ho fihla ho limithara tse ka bang 4000 kaholimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle, ha maqhubu a mang a lekanyelitsoe bophahamong bo itseng, 'me bophahamo ba bophahamo ha bo fetohe khafetsa ho tse tsejoang.
Libaka tsa mantlha tsa likhoto tsa bamboo:
- Nepal;
- Cambodia;
- Zaire;
- Vietnam;
- India;
- Uganda;
- Ethiopia;
- Laos;
- Thailand;
- Somalia;
- Hloahloeng ea Mallakku;
- Myanmar;
- Kenya;
- Tanzania.
Boteng bo sa hlalosoa hantle:
- Bangladesh;
- Butane.
Mofuta ona o tlalehiloe libakeng tse fapaneng tse fapaneng, ho tloha morung oa bamboo ho ea mobung oa temo le libakeng tse ling tsa batho, leha e le sieo masimong a raese. Asia Boroa, e hlaha merung e lithaba e futhumetseng le merung ea lehlaka merung e chesang e mongobo, 'me ka linako tse ling e etsahala libakeng tse phahameng. Ke mefuta e phetseng nako e telele e nang le malinyane a le leng kapa a mabeli feela ka litara. Ba lula libakeng tse lehlabathe tse nang le limela tse nang le litlama. Likhoto tsa bamboo li cheka likoti tse rarahaneng ka tlas'a lefatše ka mofuta oa likotopo ebe li qeta nako e ngata li le ka har'a mekoti.
Hona joale ua tseba hore na khoto ea bamboo e lula hokae. A re boneng hore na o ja eng.
Rat ea bamboo e ja eng?
Setšoantšo: Rat ea bamboo
Likhoto tsa bamboo li sebetsa haholo hoseng kapa mantsiboea, ha liphoofolo li hlaha lefats'eng li batla lijo. Li ja likarolo tse fapaneng tsa limela tse ka tlasa lefatše, haholo bamboo, hammoho le peo le litholoana. Sehlahisoa se jeoang haholo ke bamboo, ke lona lebitso la phoofolo ena ea lekunutu. Ba cheka hantle haholo. Lijo tsa tsona ha li na likarolo tsa lehlaka feela, li boetse li ja lihlahla, letlobo le lenyenyane la litlama le metso e meng, hape li ja peo le litholoana.
Motšehare, liphoofolo li phomola ka khutso matlong a tsona, 'me bosiu li tsoha holimo ho ja likarolo tsa moeeng tsa limela.
Joalo ka:
- limela tsa limela;
- mefuta eohle ea makhasi;
- litholoana tse oeleng;
- dipeo tse fapaneng.
Ho fapana le likhoto tse ling tsa mole, tse ipatang likotopong feela, likhoto tsa bamboo li fumana lijo kapele, li lula li eketsa bolele ba mekoti ea tsona libakeng tseo ho nang le joang bo teteaneng. Ha e qetile ho koahela semela, phoofolo e tla thiba kotopo e tsoang kahare ka kork e tsoang fatše. Tsebo ena e mabapi le phepo e fana ka monyetla oa mohloli oa lijo o tšepahalang le o sa fetoheng, o qoba tlholisano.
Ho phaella moo, likhoto li ka ipata ka potlako likotopong tse tebileng. Likhoto tsa bamboo hangata li lula lirapeng tsa tee 'me li aha mekoti le litselakarolo libakeng tsena, li senya lijalo tsena le ho li baka likotsi tse ke keng tsa lokisoa. Litoeba tsena li tsejoa e le liji tse hloahloa, tse khonang ho ja lijo tse fapaneng. Bosiu, u ka utloa lerata le ikhethang la likhoto tsa bamboo tse lekang ho tlatsa limpa tsa tsona ka letlobo le nang le lero.
Likarolo tsa semelo le mokhoa oa bophelo
Setšoantšo: Raka ea bamboo ka mokoting
Rat ea bamboo e cheka mobu ka liatla tsa eona, e hlophisa tsamaiso e rarahaneng ea metsamao, eo e e ntlafatsang khafetsa ka ho e thatafatsa le ho e lelefatsa. Ho fapana le lehlaka la bamboo la China, mofuta o setseng ha o ea libakeng tse nang le joang, empa o ea libakeng tse teteaneng tsa lehlaka tse etsang karolo e kholo ea lijo tsa bona. Mantsiboea, likhoto tsa bamboo li tloha matlong a tsona ho ea ja limela. Ha ba ntse ba le botlamuoeng, tšebetso e ile ea fihla sehlohlolong hoseng kapa mantsiboea, mme ba robala boholo ba letsatsi.
Lianyesi tsena li phunyeletsa libakeng tse nang le joang, meru le lirapeng. Ho cheka ha ho etsoe feela ka maoto a bona a matla, empa hape le ka thuso ea li-incisors tsa bona tse kholo. Motho a le mong a ka etsa masoba a 'maloa, empa a tla lula ho a le mong. Likotopo tse hahiloeng li bonolo ebile li kenyelletsa kamore ea lihlaha ea merero e mengata. Likotopo tsena tse ka tlas'a lefatše hangata li tebile haholo. Mehato e fetang limithara tse mashome a mahlano e entsoeng ka sekhukhu e oela ho motho a le mong.
Taba e khahlisang: Likhoto tse nyane tsa bamboo li tsamaea butle ha li le ka holim'a mobu 'me ho thoe ha li tšabe letho ha li atameloa ke sera.
Ho cheka labyrinths joalo ho hlokahala hore khoto e fumane lijo le ho etsa bolulo bo tšepahalang. Ba tsamaisa mobu o chekiloeng ka maoto a bona a ka pele ka tlasa mpa, ha ba o lahlela ka maoto a morao. Metso e loma ka meno. Ha ho chekoa, ho etsoa qubu ea letsopa, eo lehlaka la bamboo le e tsamaisang ka molomo oa eona le mepopotlo ea eona. Likhoto tsena li pata bolulo ba tsona moferong o molelele o teteaneng oa limela.
Moralo oa sechaba le tlhahiso
Setšoantšo: Rat ea bamboo ea lesea
Rat ea bamboo e ka tsoala selemo ho pota, empa hang ka selemo, palo e kaholimo ho tse peli ha maemo a lumela. Ho tsoala litlhōrō nakong ea lipula. E tšehali e tlisa ho tloha ho 1 ho isa ho 5 masea a sa tsoa tsoaloa a foufetse le a hlobotseng. Li hola le ho nona kapele haholo. Bokhachane bo nka libeke tse ka bang tse tšeletseng kapa tse supileng. Likhotoana tsa bamboo tse nyane li khona ho ikatisa likhoeli tse 5-8 kamora ho hlaha. Bana ba sa tsoa tsoaloa, joalo ka litoeba tse ling tse ngata, ha ba bule mahlo ho fihlela matsatsi a 15.
Taba e khahlisang: Bacha ba lula ba se na moriri boholo ba nako ea phepo. Ho khoesoa le ho ikemela ho bo-mme ho etsahala nakong ea libeke tse 3-4.
Kaha tse tona li phelisana le e tšehali e 'ngoe ebe li fetela ho e' ngoe, ha li tlatse letsoho haholo ho hlokomeleng likhoto tse nyane. Mantle a manyane a lula a batla a se na thuso bakeng sa libeke tse ka bang 2, ho fihlela boea ba bona bo qala ho hola, mahlo a bulehile, mme ba ba mafolofolo mme ba sisinyehe ho feta. Ho khoesa lesea ho tsamaea le boiteko ba mme. Ho fihlela likhoto tsa lehlaka li fihla boemong ba tsona ba ho ba batho ba baholo, li lula sehlaheng sa bo-mme.
Khōlo ea thobalano ho banna e etsahala pejana ho feta ha ba fuoa monyetla oa ho etsa thobalano. Sena se bakoa ke taba ea hore ho na le tlholisano e ngata bakeng sa phihlello ho motho e motšehali ho estrus le hore batho ba fokolang ba nang le maemo a tlase ho thata ho hohela tlhokomelo ea bong bo fapaneng. Tse tšehali li etsa sehlaha ka likatana tse karolong e hole ea tsamaiso ea likotopo, moo malinyane a likhoto tsa bamboo a manyane a sitoang ho itšireletsa.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa rat ea lehlaka
Setšoantšo: Rato ea bamboo e shebahala joang
Libata tse tsebahalang tsa likhoto tsa lehlaka lia fapana ho latela tikoloho ea tsona. E 'ngoe ea liphetoho tse ka bang teng khahlano le liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo ke ho feto-fetoha ha' mala ka mofuta ona le mokhoa oa bophelo oa bosiu. Bopaki bo bong bo fana ka maikutlo a hore 'mala o amahanngoa le sebaka sa naha ka hona ke bokhoni ba ho lula bo sa hlahella tikolohong ea lehae.
Ntle le moo, likhoto tsa bamboo hangata li mabifi ho baahi ba tsona mme li sirelelitsoe ka matla ka mekhoa eohle eo ba nang le eona. Liphuputso li bonts'a batho ba hapuoeng C. badius ka bomong ba nka maemo a ts'osang ho bontša takatso ea ho itšireletsa. Likhoto tsa bamboo li eme ka maoto a tsona a ka morao 'me li pepesitse likhoele tsa tsona tse matla.
Likokoanyana tse tsebahalang haholo le tse tsebahalang hajoale tsa likhoto tsa lehlaka ke:
- lintja (Canidae);
- liphooko tse khōlō (Strigiformes);
- Feline (Felidae);
- mekholutsoane (Lacertilia);
- linoha (Linoha);
- liphiri (Canis);
- liphokojoe (Vulpes);
- batho (Homo Sapiens).
Ka boroa ho China, Laos le Myanmar, batho ba ja likhoto tsa bamboo. Ntle le moo, batho ba boetse ba senya palo e kholo haholo ea likhoto tsa bamboo tsa Norway joalo ka tse senyang lijalo. Li ka tsongoa hape ke palo efe kapa efe ea liphoofolo tse jang nama, linonyana le lihahabi tse lulang sebakeng se tloaelehileng le tsona.
Mefuta e meng ea likhoto e nkuoa e le likokonyana tse kholo ka ho fetesisa tsa mamalia. Li bolaile batho ba bangata ho feta ntoa efe kapa efe historing. Ho lumeloa hore mafu a bakiloeng ke likhoto a bolaile batho ba bangata lilemong tse 1000 tse fetileng ho feta lintoa tsohle le liphetohelo tse kileng tsa loanoa. Ba fepa linta le matsetse a nang le seoa sa bubonic, typhus, trichinosis, tularemia, jaundice e tšoaetsanoang le mafu a mang a mangata a tebileng.
Likhoto hape li baka tšenyo e kholo ea thepa, ho kenyelletsa lijalo, tšenyo le tšilafalo ea polokelo ea lijo tsa batho, le tšenyo ea bokahare le kantle ho meaho. Ho hakanngoa hore likhoto li baka tšenyo e likete tsa lidolara sechabeng selemo le selemo. Leha ho le joalo, kotsi e bakoang ke likhoto tsa lehlaka e nyane.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Setšoantšo: Bamboo Rat
Boima ba litsi tsa litoeba bo feta batho ba likete tse peli le halofo ka khilomitara e le 1. Mofuta ona o thathamisitsoe e le Tšokelo e Nyane ea ho Fela ka lebaka la ho hasana ha ona hohle mme ho lebelletsoe palo e kholo ea baahi.
E etsahala libakeng tse 'maloa tse sirelelitsoeng, e mamella phetoho ea tikoloho mme ha e na monyetla oa ho theoha ka potlako ho lekana ho tšoaneleha ho kenyelletsoa likarolong tse sokelang. Ho lumeloa hore liphoofolo li libakeng tse sirelelitsoeng India le Nepal.
India ho joalo:
- Sebaka se Halalelang sa liphoofolo tse hlaha sa Dumpa;
- Sebaka sa tlhaho sa Mizoram.
Nepal ho joalo:
- Serapa sa Sechaba sa Royal Chitwan, (Central Nepal);
- Serapa sa Sechaba sa Makalu Barun, (Nepal Bochabela).
Mofuta ona o kenyellelitsoe lenaneng la V (le nkoang e le sekokoanyana) sa Molao oa Paballo ea Liphoofolo Tse hlaha oa India ho tloha ka 1972. Patlisiso e tsoelang pele ea hlokahala mabapi le kabo, bongata, tikoloho le litšokelo tsa taxa ena e sa tsejoeng haholo. Liphuputso tse ling tsa taxonomic li bonts'a hore taxon ena e kanna ea ba le mefuta e mengata, eo tlhahlobo ea Lenane le Lefubelu e tla hlokahala.
Ka kakaretso, lehlaka la bamboo e sebelisoa ka matla libakeng tse ling bakeng sa tlhahiso ea lijo, mme, haholo-holo, batho ba itseng ba ka fokotseha ka lebaka la kotulo e fetang tekano. E boetse e felisoa e le sesenyi masimong a rabara likarolong tse ling tsa eona (joalo ka Myanmar), moo e ka fumanoang ka bongata ba liphoofolo tse ka bang 600 ka hektare. Asia Boroa, e sokeloa ke lehae ka lebaka la tahlehelo ea bolulo, mollo oa meru le likhoto tsa lehlaka tsa ho tsoma bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea tlhaho.
Letsatsi la phatlalatso: 08/14/2019
Letsatsi le ntlafalitsoeng: 14.08.2019 ka 21:22
