Mekhaba ea Horseshoe e nkoa e le mesaletsa ea lintho tse phelang. Likhaba tsa Horseshoe li tšoana le li-crustaceans, empa ke tsa mofuta o arohaneng oa chelicerans, 'me li amana haufi le li-arachnids (mohlala, likho le liphepheng). Ha ba na hemoglobin maling a bona, ho fapana le moo ba sebelisa hemocyanin ho tsamaisa oksijene, mme ka lebaka la koporo e teng ho hemocyanin, mali a bona a maputsoa.
Tšimoloho ea mofuta le tlhaloso
Setšoantšo: makhala a lieta tsa pere
Makhaba a Horseshoe a bile teng ka lilemo tse fetang limilione tse 300, a ba etsa hore ba be baholo ho feta li-dinosaurs. Li tšoana le makhala a pele ho nako, empa ha e le hantle li amana haufi le liphepheng le likho. Khala ea tlhako ea pere e na le ponahalo e thata le maoto a 10, eo e e sebelisang ho tsamaea leoatleng.
Video: Lehlaka la Horseshoe
Makhaba a Horseshoe ke mali a maputsoa. Oksijene e tsamaisoa maling a bona ke molek'hule e nang le hemocyanin, e nang le koporo mme e etsa hore mali a fetohe a putsoa ha a pepesetsoa moeeng. Boholo ba liphoofolo tse nang le mali a khubelu li tsamaisa oksijene ka hemoglobin e nang le tšepe e ngata, e etsang hore mali a bona a be mafubelu ha a kopana le moea.
Taba e khahlisang: Mali a maputsoa a makhala a lipere a bohlokoa hoo litara e ka rekisoang ka $ 15,000. Lebaka ke hore e na le molek'hule e bohlokoa ho sechaba sa lipatlisiso tsa bongaka. Kajeno, leha ho le joalo, boqapi bo bocha bo lebisitse ho mekhoa ea maiketsetso e ka felisang tloaelo ea ho phahamisa makhala a lieta tsa pere bakeng sa mali a bona.
Likokoana-hloko li na le lisele tse tšoeu tsa mali maling a tsona. Likokoana-hloko tse se nang lesapo la mokokotlo joalo ka makhala a pere li na le li-amoebocyte. Ha amoebocyte e kopana le kokoana-hloko, e ntša khemik'hale e etsang hore mali a lehae a koalehe, hoo bafuputsi ba lumelang hore ke ona mokhoa oa ho boloka likokoana-hloko tse kotsi. Haholo-holo, li-amoebocyte tse maling a makhala a pere li thatafala ha li kopana le li-endotoxin, sehlahisoa se bakang baktheria se ntseng se ata ebile ka linako tse ling se bolaeang se bakang sesole sa 'mele, ka linako tse ling se lebisang ho feberu, ho hloleha ha setho kapa ho tshoha.
Ponahalo le likarolo
Setšoantšo: Lehlaka la lipere le shebahala joang
'Mele oa lekhaba la pere e arotsoe likarolo tse tharo. Karolo ea pele ke prosoma, kapa hlooho. Lebitso la lekhhala la tlhako ea pere le tsoa sebopeho sa hlooho ea eona, hobane, joalo ka lieta tsa pere ho litlhako tsa pere, hlooho ea tsona e chitja ebile e bōpehile joaloka U. Ke karolo e kholo ka ho fetisisa ea 'mele oa lekhaba la lipere' me e na le methapo e mengata le litho tsa 'mele.
Hlooho ea lekhaba ea Horseshoe e kenyelletsa:
- boko;
- pelo;
- molomo;
- tsamaiso ea methapo;
- litšoelesa - tsohle li sirelelitsoe ka poleiti e kholo.
Hlooho e boetse e sireletsa mahlo a maholohali. Mekhaba ea Horseshoe e na le mahlo a robong a hasaneng 'meleng le tse ling tse' maloa tse amohelang leseli haufi le mohatla. Mahlo a mabeli a maholohali a qhekella ebile a na le thuso bakeng sa ho fumana balekane. Mahlo a mang le li-receptor tse bobebe li na le thuso bakeng sa ho bona motsamao le liphetoho leseling la khoeli.
Karolo e bohareng ea 'mele ke mpa kapa opisthosoma. E shebahala joalo ka khutlo-tharo e nang le li-spikes ka mahlakoreng le mokokotlo bohareng. Metso ea eona ea mokokotlo e ea tsamaisoa ebile e thusa lehlaka la pere. Mpa e ka tlase e na le mesifa e sebelisetsoang ho sisinyeha le methapo ea ho hema. Sebaka sa boraro, mohatla oa lekhaba la lipere, se bitsoa telson. E telele ebile e supa, 'me leha e shebahala e tšosa, ha e kotsi, e chefo kapa e hlabang. Mekhaba ea Horseshoe e sebelisa telson ho ipolaea haeba e qetella e le mekokotlong ea eona.
Taba e khahlisang: Mekhaba ea basali ea lieta tsa lipere e ka ba karolo ea boraro ho feta tse tona. Di ka hola ho fihla ho disentimitara tse 46-48 ho tloha hloohong ho isa mohatleng, ha tse tona di le disentimitara tse ka bang 36 ho isa ho tse 38).
Mekhaba ea Horseshoe e hema ka lipara tse 6 tsa lisebelisoa tse khomaretsoeng mpeng e ka tlase e bitsoang libuka tsa gill. Banyalani ba pele ba sireletsa lipara tse ling tse hlano, e leng litho tsa phefumoloho mme li bula masoba a litho tsa botona kapa botšehali, tseo mahe le peo ea botona li ntšitsoeng ka tsona 'meleng.
Mekhaba ea lieta tsa pere e phela kae?
Setšoantšo: Lehlaka la Horseshoe Russia
Kajeno ho na le mefuta e 4 ea makhala a lipere tse fumanehang lefatšeng. Mekhaba ea lieta tsa lipere tsa Atlantic ke tsona feela mefuta e fumanoang Leoatleng la Atlantic. Tse ling tse tharo li fumanoa Asia Boroa-bochabela, moo mahe a mefuta e meng a sebelisetsoang lijo. Ntle le mofuta ona, o fumanoe lebopong le ka bochabela la United States ho tloha Maine boroa ho ea Koung ea Mexico ho ea Hloahloeng ea Yucatan.
Ho na le mefuta e meng:
- tachypleus trident, e tloaelehileng Malaysia, Indonesia le lebopong le ka bochabela la China;
- tachypleus giant, e lulang Koung ea Bengal, e tsoang Indonesia le Australia;
- carcinosorpius rotundicauda, e tloaelehileng Thailand le ho tloha Vietnam ho ea Indonesia.
Mefuta ea makhala a lipere tsa matsoalloa a Amerika (makhala a lieta tsa Atlantic) a fumanoa Leoatleng la Atlantic haufi le lebopo la Amerika Leboea. Makhaba a Horseshoe a ka bonoa lebopong le ka bochabela la Kou ea Amerika ea Mexico le Mexico. Ho na le mefuta e meng e meraro ea makhala a lipere lefatšeng, e fumanehang Leoatleng la India le Leoatleng la Pacific lebopong la Asia.
Makhaba a Horseshoe a sebelisa libaka tse fapaneng ho latela maemo a bona a kholo. Mahe a beheloa mabopong a leoatle qetellong ea selemo le lehlabula. Kamora ho qhotsoa, makhala a manyane a lieta tsa lipere a ka fumanoa ka leoatleng botlaaseng ba leoatle ba lehlabathe la lithota tsa leoatle. Makhaba a batho ba baholo a fepa ka hare ho leoatle ho fihlela a khutlela lebopong ho ea tsoala. Linonyana tse ngata tse lebopong, linonyana tse fallang, likolopata le litlhapi li sebelisa mahe a makhala a lipere e le karolo ea bohlokoa ea lijo tsa tsona. Ke mofuta oa bohlokoa tikolohong ea Delaware Bay.
Hona joale ua tseba hore na lehlaka la horseshoe le fumanoa hokae. A re boneng hore na o ja eng.
Majoe a lihoakhoa a ja eng?
Setšoantšo: Mekhaka ea Horseshoe e naheng
Mekhaba ea Horseshoe ha e rate ho ja, e ja ntho e ngoe le e ngoe. Di ja di-molluscs tse nyane, crustaceans le diboko, empa di ka ja le diphoofolo tse ding esita le bolele. Kahoo, makhala a lipere a fepa liboko, li-molluscs tse nyane, litlhapi tse shoeleng le lintho tse ling tse phelang.
Makhaba a Horseshoe ha a na mehlahare kapa meno, empa a na le melomo. Molomo o bohareng, o pota-potiloe ke lipara tse 10 tsa maoto. Li fepa ka hanong, tse botlaaseng ba maoto, tse koahetsoeng ka li-bristles (gnatobase) tse teteaneng tse supang hare, tse neng li sila lijo ha phoofolo e tsamaea. Ebe lijo li hatelloa ka hanong ke chelicera, e ntan'o kena ka metso, moo e hatelloang ka ho eketsehileng ebe e kena ka mpeng le mala. Litšila li ntšetsoa ka hara anus e ka lehlakoreng la ventral ka pela telson (mohatla).
Li-gnatobase li na le liphahlo tse bohale, tse bohale tse fumanehang bohareng ba linoelo tsa maoto kapa maoto a maoto. Moriri o monyane oa menoang o lumella makhala a pere ho fofonela lijo. Meutloa e shebileng kahare e tabola le ho sila lijo, e e fetisa maotong ha e ntse e tsamaea. Ba hloka ho ba mothating oa ho hlafuna lijo.
Chelicerae ke likarolo tse 'maloa tse ka pele tse ka pela marapo. Mekhaba ea Horseshoe e tsamaea botebong ba lehlabathe la metsi a sa tebang ho ea batla lijo le chelicerae ea tsona. Chilaria ke para ea maoto a kamorao a sa tsoelang pele a sa tsoelang pele a fumanehang ka mora maoto a phoofolo. Chelicerae le Chilaria ba fetisetsa likaroloana tsa lijo ka har'a molomo oa makhala a lipere.
Likarolo tsa semelo le mokhoa oa bophelo
Setšoantšo: makhala a lieta tsa pere
Mekhaba ea Horseshoe e tsejoa hore e bokana ka lihlopha tse kholo kapa lihlopha tse mabopong a leoatle, haholo-holo libakeng tse bohareng tsa Atlantic joalo ka Delaware, New Jersey le Maryland, nakong ea selemo le lehlabula, moo baahi ba tsona ba leng bangata ho feta bohle. Likhaba tsa Horseshoe li ka lula sehlaheng selemo ho pota Florida, ka ho hlahisa litlhoro nakong ea selemo le hoetla.
Hangata makhala a Horseshoe ke liphoofolo tsa bosiu tse tsoang meriting lefifing ho tsoma lijo. Joaloka liphoofolo tse jang nama, li ja nama feela, ho kenyelletsa liboko tsa leoatleng, li-molluscs tse nyane le li-crustaceans.
Taba e khahlisangBatho ba bang ba nahana hore makhala a lipere ke liphoofolo tse kotsi hobane li na le mehatla e bohale empa ha li na kotsi. Ebile, makhala a tlhako ea lipere a mpa a le bohlasoa feela, 'me ba sebelisa mohatla oa bona ho phethoha haeba ba oeloa ke leqhubu. Empa li na le li-spikes lehlakoreng la khetla ea tsona, kahoo haeba u hloka ho li sebetsana, hlokomela 'me u li nke ka mahlakoreng a khetla, eseng ka mohatla.
Mekhaba ea Horseshoe hangata e otloa ke maqhubu a matla nakong ea ho tsoala mme e kanna ea se khone ho iphumanela sebakeng. Hangata hona ho lebisa lefung la phoofolo (o ka ba thusa ka ho ba phahamisa ka bonolo mahlakore ka bobeli a khetla ebe o ba khutlisetsa ka metsing).
Ka linako tse ling bashebelli ba lebopong ba etsa liphoso tsa makhala a lipere bakeng sa makhala a shoeleng. Joalo ka li-arthropods tsohle (ho kenyeletsoa li-crustaceans le likokoanyana), makhala a lipere a na le "shell" e thata ka ntle ho 'mele. E le hore phoofolo e hōle, e lokela ho tšolla maqhubu a eona a khale ebe e etsa e ncha e khōloanyane. Ho fapana le makhala a 'nete, a hlahang masapong a' ona a khale, makhala a lieta a ea pele, a siea molt ka morao.
Moralo oa sechaba le tlhahiso
Setšoantšo: Lehlaka la Horseshoe ka metsing
Qetellong ea selemo le mathoasong a lehlabula, makhala a batho ba baholo ba lipere tsa lipere ba tloha metsing a tebileng a leoatle ho ea mabopong a haufi le East le Gulf Coast ho ea tsoala. Tse tona li fihla pele ebe li emela tse tšehali. Ha tse tšehali li fihla lebopong, li ntša lik'hemik'hale tsa tlhaho tse bitsoang li-pheromone, tse hohelang tse tona le ho romella lets'oao la hore ke nako ea ho nyalana.
Mekhaba ea Horseshoe e khetha ho ikatisa bosiu nakong ea maqhubu a phahameng le likhoeli tse ncha tse felletseng. Tse tona li itšoarella ka tse tšehali ebe li leba mabopong a leoatle hammoho. Lebopong la leoatle, tse tšehali li cheka lihlaha tse nyane ebe li beha mahe, ebe tse tona li nontša mahe. Mokhoa ona o ka phetoa makhetlo a 'maloa ka mahe a mashome a likete.
Mahe a lekhaba la Horseshoe ke mohloli oa lijo tsa linonyana tse ngata, lihahabi le litlhapi. Boholo ba makhala a lipere ha ho mohla a fihlang boholong ba seboko pele a ka jeoa. Haeba lehe le ntse le phela, sebōkō se tla qhotsoa lehe ka nako e ka etsang libeke tse peli kapa ho feta. Larva e shebahala joalo ka mofuta o monyane oa makhala a batho ba baholo, empa e se na mohatla. Li-larvae li kena ka leoatleng ebe li lula botlaaseng ba lehlabathe la mabalane selemo kapa ho feta. Ha ba ntse ba hola, ba tla kenella ka metsing a tebileng ebe ba qala ho ja lijo tse ngata tsa batho ba baholo.
Lilemong tse 10 tse tlang, makhala a manyane a lieta a tla qhibiliha ebe a hola. Ts'ebetso ea molting e hloka ho lokolloa ha li-exoskelete tse nyane molemong oa likhetla tse kholo. Mekhaba ea Horseshoe e feta har'a li-molts tse 16 kapa tse 17 nakong ea kholo ea tsona. Ha li le lilemo li ka bang 10, li se li fihlile kholo 'me li ikemiselitse ho qala ho ikatisa,' me nakong ea selemo li fallela mabopong a leoatle.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa makhala a pere
Setšoantšo: Lehlaka la lipere le shebahala joang
Ho fihla hajoale, ke mefuta e 4 feela ea makhala a lipere e setseng, eo mefuta ea eona e meraro e ka fumanoang tikolohong ea Asia Boroa-bochabela. Seaparo se thata sa lekhhala la lipere se thibela libatana tse ka bang teng ho fumana limpa tsena tse bobebe. Ba na le lira tsa tlhaho tse fokolang tse tsebahalang ntle le batho. Bokhoni ba tsona ba ho mamella mocheso o feteletseng le letsoai ho lumeloa hore li tlatsetsa ho pheleng ha mefuta ena. Butle-butle 'me ke botsitso, kannete ke bahale ba' nete ba pholohileng makhetlo a mangata.
Makhaba a Horseshoe ke karolo ea bohlokoa ea tikoloho ea sechaba sa mabopong. Mahe a tsona ke mohloli o ka sehloohong oa lijo tsa linonyana tse fallang ho ea leboea, ho kenyeletsoa le lehlabathe la Iceland, le kotsing ea mmuso. Linonyana tsena tse lebopong li fetohile ho tsamaisana le tlhoro e hlahisang makhala a pere, haholo libakeng tsa Delaware le Chesapeake Bay. Ba sebelisa mabopo ana e le seteishene sa peterole ho tšela mafura le ho ntšetsa pele leeto la bona.
Mefuta e mengata ea litlhapi hammoho le linonyana li fepa mahe a makhala a lipere Florida. Mekholutsoane ea batho ba baholo e jang liphofu tsa leoatle, li-alligator, likhofu tsa lipere tsa Florida le lishaka.
Makhaba a Horseshoe a bapala karolo ea bohlokoa tikolohong. Likhetla tsa tsona tse boreleli, tse sephara li fana ka karoloana e ntle bakeng sa bophelo ba tse ling tse ngata tsa metsing. Ha e ntse e tsamaea tlase leoatleng, makhala a lieta tsa lipere a ka jara li-mussels, likhetla, liboko tsa tubular, salate ea leoatleng, liponche esita le li-oyster.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Setšoantšo: makhala a lieta tsa pere
Mekhaba ea Horseshoe e ntse e fokotseha holima boholo ba libaka tsa eona. Ka 1998, Khomishene ea Litlhapi tsa Leoatleng la Atlantic States e ile ea theha Morero oa Tsamaiso ea Horseshoe Crabs, e hlokang hore linaha tsohle tse lebopong la Atlantic li tsebe hore na liphoofolo tsena li lula hokae. Hajoale, ka thuso ea sechaba, litsebi tsa baeloji tsa Setsi sa Lipatlisiso sa Litlhapi le Litlhapi li tlaleha libaka tsa lihlaha tsa makhala a lipere ho pholletsa le setereke sa Florida.
Ha lipalo tsa makhala a lieta tsa pere li fokotsehile lilemong tsa bo-1990, baahi ba se ba hlaphoheloa ka lebaka la boiteko ba lebatooa ba ho busa linaha ka Khomishene ea Litlhapi tsa Leoatleng la Atlantic. Delaware Bay e na le makhala a maholo ka ho fetisisa lefatšeng, 'me bo-rasaense ba tsoang ho National Research System of Conservation Areas ba thusa ho etsa lipatlisiso tsa selemo le selemo ka makhala a pere, e leng phephetso e tloaelehileng Delaware Bay. Leha ho le joalo, tahlehelo ea libaka tsa bolulo le tlhoko e phahameng bakeng sa bona e le sefi sa khoebo e ntse e le taba e tšoenyang makhala a pere le linonyana tse fallang.
Makhaba a Horseshoe a phetse ka katleho lilemo tse limilione. Bokamoso ba bona bo ipapisitse le hore na batho ba utloisisa le ho ananela bohlokoa ba bona joang ho liphoofolo tse ling tse hlaha le bathong, hammoho le mekhoa e sebelisitsoeng bakeng sa paballo ea bona.
Mekhaba ea Horseshoe - libōpuoa tse ratehang. Ke e 'ngoe ea liphoofolo tse' maloa tse se nang libatana, ntle le batho, tse tšoasang makhala a li-horseshoe haholo bakeng sa sefi. Protheine e fumanoang maling a liphoofolo tsena e sebelisetsoa ho lemoha litšila litokisetsong tsa methapo. Mekhaba ea Horseshoe ka boeona, ho bonahala e sa utloe bohloko nakong ea sampole ea mali. Makhaba a Horseshoe le 'ona a sebelisitsoe ho etsa lipatlisiso ho alafa mofetše, ho fumana kankere ea mali le ho supa bofokoli ba vithamine B12.
Letsatsi la phatlalatso: 08/16/2019
Letsatsi le ntlafalitsoeng: 16.08.2019 ka 21:21
