Krill Ke libopuoa tse nyane tse ts'oanang le shrimp tse ngata haholo mme li etsa boholo ba lijo tsa maruarua, li-penguin, linonyana tsa leoatleng, liqibi le litlhapi. "Krill" ke lentsoe le tloaelehileng le sebelisetsoang ho hlalosa mefuta e ka bang 85 ea li-crustaceans tse sesang ka bolokolohi leoatleng le bulehileng, tse tsejoang ka hore ke li-euphausiids. Antarctic krill ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e mehlano ea krill e fumanehang Leoatleng le ka Boroa, ka boroa ho Antarctic Convergence.
Tšimoloho ea mofuta le tlhaloso
Setšoantšo: Creel
Lentsoe krill le tsoa moelelong oa Norse bakeng sa litlhapi tse nyane, empa joale le sebelisoa e le lentsoe le tloaelehileng bakeng sa li-euphausiids, lelapa la li-crustaceans tsa leoatleng tse fumanoang maoatleng a lefatše. Poleloana "krill" mohlomong e sebelisitsoe pele ho mefuta ea euphausiid e fumanoang ka mpeng ea maruarua a ts'oeroeng North Atlantic.
Video: Krill
Taba e khahlisang: Ha u ntse u tsamaea ka sekepe metsing a Antarctic, u ka utloa khanya e makatsang ka leoatleng. Ke leqhubu la krill, le hlahisang leseli le hlahisoang ke litho tsa bioluminescent tse fumanehang likarolong tse fapaneng tsa 'mele oa krill: para e le' ngoe ea leihlo, e 'ngoe liropeng tsa leoto la bobeli le la bosupa la thoracic, le litho tse le' ngoe mpeng. Litho tsena ka linako tse ling li ntša khanya e botala bo mosehla metsotsoana e 'meli kapa e meraro.
Ho na le mefuta ea 85 ea krill e boholo ba eona ho tloha ho e nyane haholo, e bolelele ba limilimithara tse 'maloa, ho isa mefuteng e meholohali ea leoatle, e bolelele ba 15 cm.
Ho na le likarolo tse 'maloa tse khethollang li-euphausiids ho tse ling tsa crustaceans:
- li-gill li pepesetsoa ka tlasa carapace, ho fapana le li-crustaceans tse ling, tse koahetsoeng ke carapace;
- ho na le litho tse khanyang (photophores) botlaaseng ba marapo a ho sesa, hammoho le lipara tsa li-photophores karolong ea thobalano ea cephalothorax, haufi le likoti tsa molomo le mahlong a mahlo a hlahisang leseli le leputsoa.
Ponahalo le likarolo
Setšoantšo: K krill e shebahala joang
Kakaretso ea 'mele oa krill e ts'oana le ea li-crustaceans tse ngata tse tloaelehileng. Hlooho le kutu e kopantsoeng - cephalothorax - e na le likarolo tse ngata tsa ka hare - tšoelesa ea ho sila lijo, mpa, pelo, litšoelesa tsa thobalano le, kantle, lisebelisoa tsa kutlo - mahlo a mabeli a maholo le lipara tse peli tsa manakana.
Maoto le matsoho a cephalothorax a fetoha likaroloana tse khethehileng tsa phepo; melomo e robong e fetotsoe bakeng sa ho sebetsa le ho sila lijo, 'me lipara tse tšeletseng ho isa ho tse robeli tsa maoto a bokellang lijo li nka likaroloana tsa lijo ka metsing ebe li li romella molomong.
Lehare la mesifa ka mpeng le na le lipara tse hlano tsa maoto a ho sesa (pleopods) a tsamaeang ka morethetho o boreleli. Krill e boima ho feta metsi mme e lula e phaphametse, e sesa ka ho phatloha, e koaloa ke linako tsa phomolo tse khutšoane. Hangata Krill e na le mahlo a maholo a matšo, le hoja likhetla tsa tsona li khubelu. Lits'ebetso tsa tsona tsa tšilo ea lijo hangata lia bonahala, 'me hangata li na le' mala o motala o khanyang o tsoang 'mala oa limela tse nyane tse li jeleng. Krill ea motho e moholo e ka ba bolelele ba 6 cm mme e boima ba gram e le 'ngoe.
Ho lumeloa hore Krill o na le bokhoni ba ho tšolla likhetla tsa hae ka boithatelo e le hore a balehe kapele. Nakong ea linako tse thata, li ka fokotseha ka boholo, tsa boloka matla, tsa lula li le nyane ha li ntse li khetla likhetla ho fapana le ho hola.
Krill e lula kae?
Setšoantšo: Atlantic krill
Antarctic krill ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e mengata ea liphoofolo lefatšeng. Leoatle le ka Boroa feela le na le lithane tse ka bang limilione tse 500 tsa krill. Biomass ea mofuta ona e kanna ea ba kholo ka ho fetisisa liphoofolong tsohle tse lisele tse ngata tse polaneteng.
Ha krill e se e tšoana le batho ba baholo, ba bokana likolong tse kholo kapa boieane, ka linako tse ling ba otlolla lik'hilomithara tse ngata mahlakoreng ohle, ka li-krill tse likete tse kentsoeng mithara e 'ngoe le e' ngoe ea metsi, e fetola metsi a le mafubelu kapa a lamunu.
Taba e khahlisang: Linakong tse itseng tsa selemo, krill e bokana likolong e teteaneng ebile e atile hoo e ka bonoang le sebakeng.
Ho na le lipatlisiso tse ncha tse bonts'ang hore krill e bapala karolo ea bohlokoa ho hore na Leoatle le ka Boroa le latela joang khabone. Antarctic krill e monya likoloi tse ka bang limilione tse 15,2 selemo se seng le se seng, kapa hoo e ka bang 0,26% ea khase ea selemo le selemo ea CO2, ho latela tlaleho e phatlalalitsoeng ke Antarctic-Southern Ocean Coalition. Krill le eona e bohlokoa haholo ho falliseng limatlafatsi ho tloha botebong ba leoatle ho ea holimo, ho li etsa hore li fumanehe mefuteng eohle ea mefuta ea leoatle.
Tsena tsohle li hatisa bohlokoa ba ho boloka bongata ba batho ba phetseng hantle ba krill. Bo-rasaense ba bang, batsamaisi ba machabeng ba botšoasi ba litlhapi, indasteri ea lijo tsa leoatleng le ea ho tšoasa litlhapi, le bahlokomeli ba tikoloho ba ikemiselitse ho leka-lekanya indasteri ea krill e etsang chelete e ngata le ho sireletsa se nkoang e le mofuta o ka sehloohong oa e 'ngoe ea lihloliloeng tse amehang ka ho fetesisa ka maemo a leholimo.
Joale o tseba moo krill a lulang teng. Ha re boneng hore na phoofolo ee e ja eng.
Krill e ja eng?
Setšoantšo: Arctic Krill
Krill haholo-holo ke mohloli oa lijo tse jang limela, e jang phytoplankton (limela tse emisitsoeng ka microscopically) Leoatleng le ka Boroa, mme, hanyane, ke liphoofolo tsa planktonic (zooplankton). Krill o boetse o rata ho fepa bolele bo bokellanang tlasa leqhoa la leoatle.
Lebaka le leng la hore krill ea Antarctic e ngata ke hore metsi a Leoatle le ka Boroa ho potoloha Antarctica ke mehloli e metle haholo ea phytoplankton le bolele bo holang tlase leqhoeng la leoatle.
Leha ho le joalo, sekoaelo sa leqhoa la leoatle ha se lula se le haufi le Antarctica, se lebisang ho ho fetoha hoa palo ea baahi ba krill. Hloahloa ea Antarctic Bophirimela, e leng e 'ngoe ea libaka tse futhumatsang ka ho fetesisa lefatšeng, e bile le tahlehelo e kholo ea leqhoa la leoatle lilemong tse mashome a fetileng.
Mariha, ba sebelisa mehloli e meng ea lijo joalo ka bolele bo holang botlaaseng ba leqhoa le pakiloeng, detritus leoatleng le liphoofolong tse ling tsa metsing. Krill e ka phela nako e telele (ho fihlela matsatsi a 200) ntle le lijo 'me e ka fokotseha ha e ntse e lapa.
Kahoo, krill e ja phytoplankton, limela tse nang le sele e le 'ngoe tse nyenyane haholo tse hoholehang haufi le leoatle ebe li phela ka letsatsi le carbon dioxide. Krill ka boeona ke lijo tsa mantlha bakeng sa liphoofolo tse ling tse makholo, ho tloha litlhaping tse nyane ho isa linonyana ho maruarua a baleen.
Likarolo tsa semelo le mokhoa oa bophelo
Setšoantšo: Shrimp krill
Krill e qoba liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse tebileng ka hare ho Leoatle la Antarctic, tse ka bang limithara tse 97 ka tlase holimo. Bosiu, li nyolohela ka holim'a metsi li batla phytoplankton.
Taba e khahlisang: Krill ea Antarctic e ka phela lilemo tse ka bang 10, e leng nako e telele e makatsang bakeng sa sebopuoa se joalo se jang liphoofolo tse ngata.
Mefuta e mengata ea krill e thabela botsoalle. Boholo ba nako, bongata ba krill bo lula botebong ba metsi motšehare, 'me bo nyolohela holimo feela bosiu. Ha ho tsejoe hore na hobaneng maqhubu ka linako tse ling a bonahala holimo motšehare o moholo.
E ne e le tloaelo ena ea ho bokana ka bongata hore e ba etse ba hohelang ho tšoasa litlhapi ka khoebo. Boikarabello ba krill likolong bo ka ba holimo haholo ka biomass ea li-kilograms tse mashome le palo ea liphoofolo tse fetang milione e le ngoe ka mitha ea khubiki ea metsi a leoatle.
Letšoele le ka haola libaka tse kholo, haholo-holo Antarctica, moo bongata ba li-krill tsa Antarctic bo lekantsoeng bo koahelang sebaka sa li-kilometara tsa 450 mme e hakanngoa hore e na le lithane tse fetang limilione tse 2 tsa krill. Mefuta e mengata ea krill e kotuloang hajoale e theha bongata ba bokaholimo, mme ke boits'oaro bona bo ba lebisang tlhokomelong ea bona e le sesebelisoa se kotutsoeng.
Moralo oa sechaba le tlhahiso
Setšoantšo: Krill ea Antarctic
Li-larvae tsa ho sesa li tsamaea ka mekhahlelo e robong ea kholo. Tse tona di hola ka mora likhoeli tse 22, tse tšehali ka likhoeli tse 25. Nakong ea ho qhotsa likhoeli tse ka bang hlano le halofo, mahe a behelloa botebong ba limithara tse 225.
Ha liboko tsa krill li ntse li hola, butle-butle li ea holimo, li iphepa ka likokoana-hloko tse nyane haholo. Ho tloha ka Pherekhong ho isa ho Mmesa, mahloriso a krill Leoatleng la Antarctic a ka fihla ho likilogerama tse ka bang 16 kilometara e le ngoe.
Taba e khahlisang: Mosali ea bitsoang Antarctic krill o behela mahe a ka bang 10 000 ka nako, ka linako tse ling makhetlo a 'maloa ka sehla.
Mefuta e meng ea li-krill e boloka mahe a eona ka mokotleng oa litsuonyana ho fihlela a qhotsoa, empa mefuta eohle eo hajoale e kotuloang ka mokhoa oa thekiso e qhotsa mahe a eona ka metsing moo e holang ka boikemelo. Krill o feta karolo ea planktonic a sa le monyane, empa ha ba ntse ba hola, ba khona ho tsamaea tikolohong ea bona le ho iphelisa libakeng tse ling.
Boholo ba krill e seng e le kholo bo bitsoa micronektons, ho bolelang hore li itsamaela ka boikemelo ho feta plankton, e tlohelang liphoofolo le limela mohau oa metsamao ea metsi. Lentsoe nekton le kenyelletsa mefuta e mengata ea liphoofolo ho tloha krill ho ea maruarua.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa krill
Setšoantšo: K krill e shebahala joang
Antarctic krill ke sehokelo sa mantlha sa ketane ea lijo: li haufi le tlase, li fepa haholo-holo ka phytoplankton le hanyane ka hanyane ho zooplankton. Li etsa phallo e kholo ea letsatsi le letsatsi, li fepa liphoofolo tse li jang haufi le holimo bosiu le metsing a tebileng motšehare.
Halofo ea li-krill li jeoa selemo le selemo ke liphoofolo tsena:
- maruarua;
- linonyana tsa leoatle;
- litiiso;
- li-penguin;
- squid;
- litlhapi.
Taba e khahlisang: Maruarua a maputsoa a khona ho ja ho fihlela lithane tse 4 tsa krill ka letsatsi, 'me maruarua a mang a baleen le ona a ka ja likete tse likete tsa krill ka letsatsi, empa kholo e potlakileng le tlhahiso li thusa mofuta ona hore o se ke oa nyamela.
Krill le eona e kotuloa khoebong, haholo bakeng sa phepo ea liphoofolo le leraba la litlhapi, empa ho bile le keketseho ts'ebelisong ea krill indastering ea meriana. Li boetse li jeoa libakeng tsa Asia mme li sebelisoa e le tlatsetso ea omega-3 United States. Mohlala, Mopapa Francis o tlatselletsa lijo tsa hae ka oli ea krill, antioxidant e matla e nang le omega-3 fatty acids le vithamine D3.
Ntle le ho eketsa ts'ebeliso ea lihlapi tsa krill, sebaka sa eona sa bolulo se nyametse ha Leoatle le ka Boroa le futhumala - ka potlako ho feta kamoo ho neng ho nahanoa pele le ka lebelo ho feta leoatle lefe kapa lefe. Krill e hloka leqhoa la leoatle le metsi a batang ho phela. Ho phahama hoa mocheso ho fokotsa kholo le bongata ba plankton tse jang krill, mme tahlehelo ea leqhoa la leoatle e senya sebaka sa bolulo se sireletsang krill le lintho tse li jang.
Ka hona, ha leqhoa la leoatle Antarctica le fokotseha, bongata ba krill le bona boa fokotseha. Phuputso e 'ngoe ea haufinyane e fana ka maikutlo a hore haeba ho futhumala ha moea hona joale le ho phahama ha moea o tsoang ho CO2 ho ka tsoela pele, krar ea Antarctic e ka lahleheloa ke bonyane 20% - le libakeng tse ling tse tlokotsing - ho fihla ho 55% - ea sebaka sa eona sa bolulo bofelong ba lekholo la lilemo.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Setšoantšo: Creel
Antarctic krill ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e kholo ka ho fetisisa ho li-krill tse 85 mme e ka phela lilemo tse ka bang leshome. Ba bokana ka mehlape metsing a batang a potileng Antarctica, 'me palo ea bona e hakantsoeng e tloha ho limilione tse 125 ho isa ho tse limilione tse likete tse 6: boima ba kakaretso ea krill eohle ea Antarctic bo feta boima ba batho bohle ba Lefatšeng.
Ka bomalimabe, lithuto tse ling li bonts'a hore lihlahisoa tsa krill li fokotsehile ka 80% ho tloha lilemong tsa bo-1970. Bo-rasaense ba bolela hore karolo e 'ngoe e bakiloe ke tahlehelo ea leqhoa e bakiloeng ke ho futhumala ha lefatše. Ho lahleheloa ke leqhoa hona ho tlosa mohloli o ka sehloohong oa lijo oa krill, algae ea leqhoa. Bo-rasaense ba lemosa hore haeba phetoho e ntse e tsoela pele, e tla ba le phello e mpe tikolohong. Ho se ho ntse ho na le bopaki ba hore li-penguin tsa macaroni le liqibi li ka fumana ho le thata ho feta ho kotula krill e lekaneng ho ts'ehetsa baahi ba tsona.
“Liphetho tsa rona li bonts'a hore, ka karolelano, lipalo tsa krill li fokotsehile lilemong tse 40 tse fetileng, le hore sebaka sa krill se fokotsehile libakeng tse fokolang haholo. Sena se fana ka maikutlo a hore liphoofolo tse ling tsohle tse jang krill li tla tobana le tlholisano e matla haholo e mong ho e mong bakeng sa sesebelisoa sena sa bohlokoa sa lijo, ”ho boletse Simeon Hill oa Setsi sa Borithane sa Antarctic.
Ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa khoebo bakeng sa krill ho qalile lilemong tsa bo-1970, mme tebello ea ho ts'oasa lihlapi mahala bakeng sa Antarctic krill e lebisitse ho saeneng tumellano ea ho ts'oasa lihlapi ka 1981. Seboka sa Paballo ea Lisebelisoa tse Phelang tsa Leoatleng la Antarctic se etselitsoe ho sireletsa tikoloho ea Antarctic liphellong tsa lihlapi tse ntseng li hola ka potlako, le ho thusa ho khutlisa maruarua a maholo le mefuta e meng ea litlhapi tse sebelisoang haholo.
Sebaka sa ho ts'oasa lihlapi se laoloa ke mokhatlo oa machabeng (CCAMLR), o behileng moeli oa ho ts'oasa krill ho ipapisitse le litlhoko tsa tikoloho eohle. Bo-rasaense ba Karolo ea Antarctic ea Australia ba ntse ba ithuta ka krill ho utloisisa hamolemo linako tsa bophelo ba bona le ho sebetsana hantle le ho ts'oasa lihlapi.
Krill - phoofolo e nyane, empa e le ea bohlokoa haholo maoatleng a lefatše. Ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta e meholohali ea plankton. Metsing a potileng Antarctica, krill ke mohloli oa bohlokoa oa lijo bakeng sa li-penguin, baleen le maruarua a maputsoa (a ka jang lithane tse ka bang nne tsa krill ka letsatsi), litlhapi, linonyana tsa leoatle le libopuoa tse ling tsa leoatle.
Letsatsi la phatlalatso: 08/16/2019
Letsatsi le ntlafalitsoeng: 24.09.2019 ka 12:05
