Carp ea silevera Ke mofuta oa tlhapi ea metsi a hloekileng ea lelapa la carp, mofuta oa Asia carp o lulang Leboea le Leboea-Bochabela ho Asia. E hlalosoa ka mahlo a boemo bo tlase le molomo o khelohileng o se nang manakana. Tsena ke litlhapi tse khethang ho qhotsa linokeng tse kholo tse nang le seretse. Ha ba falle libaka tse telele ka mokhoa o sa tloaelehang, empa bajaki ba tsejoa hore ba nka maeto a malelele ba nyahame.
Tšimoloho ea mofuta le tlhaloso
Setšoantšo: Carp ea silevera
Mefuta e mengata ea lelapa le leholo ka ho fetisisa la carp ea metsi a hloekileng e emetsoe libakeng tse ngata tsa lefats'e - haholo bakeng sa lijo le temo ea metsing - mme e qobile ho ba bahlaseli ba kotsi, ba hasana tikolohong ea bona e ncha mme hangata ba qothisana lehlokoa le mefuta ea matsoalloa bakeng sa lijo le tikoloho. bodulo.
Video: Carp ea silevera
Likoloi tsa silevera li holisitsoe libakeng tse tšeletseng tsa naha, tsa mmuso le tsa poraefete tsa tlhapi ea metsing e Arkansas ka li-1970 mme tsa beoa matamong a metsi a litšila a masepala. Ka mor'a moo ba ile ba baleha ho ea ipeha sebakeng sa Mississippi Basin mme esale ba hasana ho parola noka e kaholimo ea Noka ea Mississippi.
Har'a lintlha tsohle tsa tikoloho, mocheso o na le phello e kholo ho kholo ea "carp" ea silevera. Mohlala, Nokeng ea Terek ea Iran, tse tona tsa carp tse tona li holile li le lilemo li 4, le basali ba lilemo li 5. Hoo e ka bang 15% ea basali ba holile ba le lilemo li 4, empa 87% ea basali le 85% ea banna ke ba sehlopha sa lilemo tsa 5-7.
Taba e khahlisang: Carp ea silevera e tsejoa hore e tlolela ka metsing ha e tšohile (mohlala, ho tsoa lerata la sekepe sa likoloi).
Ka karolelano bolelele ba carp ea silevera e ka ba lisenthimithara tse 60-100. Empa litlhapi tse kholo li ka fihla ho 140 cm ka bolelele ba 'mele,' me litlhapi tse kholo li ka ba boima ba lik'hilograma tse 50.
Ponahalo le likarolo
Setšoantšo: Carp ea silevera e shebahala joang
Silver carp ke tlhapi e nang le 'mele o tebileng, e petelitsoeng ka mahlakoreng. Li na le 'mala oa silevera ha li sa le nyane,' me ha li tsofala, li tloha botala bo botala mokokotlong ho ea ho tse benyang ka mpeng. Li na le makhakhapha a manyane haholo mmeleng oa tsona, empa hlooho le mokokotlo ha li na sekala.
Li-carps tsa silevera li na le molomo o moholo o se nang meno mehlahareng ea tsona, empa li na le meno a pharyngeal. Meno a pharyngeal a hlophisitsoe ka mola o le mong (4-4) mme a ntlafalitsoe hantle mme a hatelloa ka bokaholimo ba metsero. Mahlo a tsona a tsepame hole haholo mohareng oa 'mele' me a shebisitsoe tlase hanyane.
Carp ea silevera e ka ferekanngoa le carp ea 'nete ka lebaka la boholo le boemo bo sa tloaelehang ba mahlo. Li tšoana haholo le carp H. nobilis, empa li na le hlooho e nyane le molomo o kobehileng o se nang meno, keel e fetelang pele ho feta setsi sa noka, e se nang mabala a lefifi a khetholloang ke carp e nang le lihlooho tse kholo, le li-rakel gill rakes.
Litlhapi tse nyane ha li na mokokotlo mapheong a tsona. Bacha ba tšoana le carp e nang le lihlooho tse kholo (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), empa qetello ea bona ea pectoral e fihla feela botlaaseng ba pheletsong ea pelvic (ho fapana le fin ea pelvic ka hlooho e kholo).
Mehloli e meng e tlaleha boteng ba meutloa ka mapheong a morao le a morao a carp ea silevera. Leha ho le joalo, mofuta oa New Zealand o bontšitsoeng ha o na meutloa.
Carp ea silevera e na le mapheoana a 'maloa:
- Dorsal fin (mahlaseli a 9) - a manyane joalo ka folakha;
- anal qetellong e telele ebile e sa teba (mahlaseli a 15-17);
- Lepheo la Caudal le lelelele ka mokhoa o itekanetseng le bataletse;
- mapheoana a pelvic (mahlaseli a 7 kapa a 8) a manyane le a mararo;
- mapheoana a letlalo (mahlaseli a 15-18) a maholo haholo, a khutlela ho kenyellelitsoeng ha mapheoana a noka.
Ka hare ho e tona, e bokaholimo ba mapheoana a sefubeng, a shebileng 'meleng, a bohale ho ama, haholo-holo nakong ea ho ikatisa. Mala a bolelele ba makhetlo a 6-10 ho feta 'mele. Li-keel li atoloha ho tloha mochophorong ho ea ho anus. Palo ea li-vertebrae kaofela ke 36-40.
Mahlo a tlase hloohong ka bohale bo ka tlase tlasa boemo ba sekhutlo sa molomo, a na le molomo o felang, ntle le manakana. Li-gill tsa carp tsa silevera li na le marang-rang a rarahaneng le li-rakes tse ngata tse arohaneng haholo. Lera la branchial ha le amane le mochophoro.
Carp ea silevera e lula kae?
Setšoantšo: Carp ea silevera Russia
Carp ea silevera e hlaha ka tlhaho metsing a futhumetseng a China. Ba lula litsing tsa Yangtze, Noka ea Bophirima, Pearl River, Kwangxi le Kwantung ka Boroa le Bohareng ba China le besin ea Amur e Russia. E hlahisitsoe United States ka li-1970.
Hajoale carp ea silevera e fumaneha ho:
- Alabama;
- Arizona;
- Arkansas;
- Colorado;
- Hawaii;
- Illinois;
- Indiana;
- Kansas;
- Kentucky;
- Louisiana;
- Missouri;
- Nebraska;
- South Dakota;
- Tennessee.
Silver carp ke mofuta oa linoka tse kholo. Li ka mamella letsoai le phahameng le oksijene e qhibilihileng e tlase (3 mg / L). Ka mefuta ea eona ea tlhaho, carp ea silevera e fihla kholoaneng e le lilemo li 4 ho isa ho tse 8, empa hoa hlokomeloa hore Amerika Leboea e hola e le lilemo li 2. Ba ka phela ho fihlela lilemo tse 20. Mofuta ona o kentsoe kantle ho naha mme oa bokelloa bakeng sa taolo ea phytoplankton meleng ea metsi eutrophic mme, kamoo ho bonahalang, e le tlhapi ea lijo. E ile ea tsebisoa United States ka lekhetlo la pele ka 1973, ha rapolasi oa lihlapi ea ikemetseng a kenya carp ea silevera Arkansas.
Bohareng ba lilemo tsa bo-1970, carp ea silevera e ile ea hlahisoa litsing tse tšeletseng tsa mmuso, tsa mmuso le tsa poraefete, mme ho ella bofelong ba bo-1970, e ne e bolokiloe matamong a mangata a metsi a litšila a masepala. Ka 1980, mofuta ona o ile oa fumanoa metsing a tlhaho, mohlomong ka lebaka la ho baleha litsing tsa polokelo ea liphoofolo le litsing tse ling tsa temo ea metsing.
Ponahalo ea carp ea silivera Nokeng ea Ouachita tsamaisong ea Red River e Louisiana e kanna eaba e bile ka lebaka la ho baleha setsing se holang ka metsing sa aquaculture. Ho hlahisoa ha mefuta ena Florida ho kanna ha ba ka lebaka la ts'ilafalo ea setoko, moo carp ea silevera e ileng ea lokolloa ka phoso mme setopo sa carp se sebelisetsoa ho laola limela tsa metsing.
Boemong bo ts'oanang, mofuta ona o bonahala o kentsoe ka phoso Letšeng la Arizona joalo ka karolo ea setopo sa diploid carp ka boomo. Batho ba nkiloeng Nokeng ea Ohio e kanna eaba ba fihlile ba tsoa masimong a matangoana a lehae kapa ba kena Nokeng ea Ohio ho tsoa ho baahi ba neng ba tsebisitsoe Arkansas qalong.
Hona joale ua tseba hore na carp ea silevera e fumanoa hokae. A re boneng hore na tlhapi ena e ja eng.
Silevera carp e ja eng?
Setšoantšo: Litlhapi tsa Silver carp
Silver carp e fepa ka bobeli ba phytoplankton le zooplankton. Silver carp ke li-feeder tse ngata tse fetolang palo ea liplantere le sebopeho sa tsona sechabeng, ho fokotsa palo ea lijo tsa litlhapi tsa lipapali le tsa khoebo.
Likoloi tsa silevera hangata li sesa ka tlase ho bokaholimo 'me li ka tsamaea ka lihlopha tse kholo (ka bobeli le ka bonngoe). Ke litlatsetso tse ntle tsa metsi kaha li sefa li-detritus metsing a matala le a litšila melomong ea tsona. Ho jala carp ea silivera ho ka thibela bolele bo botala bo botala hore bo se ke ba thunya nakong ea lehlabula.
Litlhapi tse nyane li fepa zooplankton, ha litlhapi tse kholo li ja phytoplankton e nang le limatlafatsi tse fokolang, tseo li li sefa ka bongata ka lisebelisoa tsa gill. Hobane li ja bolele bo bongata, ka linako tse ling li bitsoa "likhomo tsa noka". Ho cheka lijo tse ngata tse nang le lik'halori tse tlase, carp ea silevera e na le mala a malelele haholo, makhetlo a 10-13 ho feta 'mele oa eona.
Taba e khahlisang: Silver carp ke tlhapi e mabifi haholo e ka jang halofo ea boima ba eona ho phytoplankton le detritus. Li feta palo ea litlhapi tsa lehae ka boitšoaro ba tsona bo mabifi le tšebeliso e phahameng ea plankton.
Mefuta ea li-mussels, li-larvae le batho ba baholo ba kang paddlefish ba kotsing ea ho hloloa ke tlholisano ka lebaka la papali ea bona e netefalitsoeng ea lijo le carp ea silevera.
Likarolo tsa semelo le mokhoa oa bophelo
Setšoantšo: Silver carp ka letamong
Mofuta ona o tsebisitsoe linaheng tse ngata lefats'eng ka bophara ka mabaka a mabeli: taolo ea metsing le taolo ea plankton matangoaneng a nang le limatlafatsi le limela tsa kalafo ea metsi a litšila. Bokhoni ba bona ba ho laola li-algal blooms bo baka likhang. Ho tlalehiloe hore carp ea silevera e laola li-algal blooms hantle ha ho sebelisoa litlhapi tse lekaneng.
Hobane carp ea silevera e ka sefa algae ka katleho> li-microne tse 20 ka boholo, ka hona, palo ea bolele bo nyane e eketseha ka lebaka la khaello ea phulo ea litlhapi le limatlafatsi tse eketsehileng ka lebaka la khatello ea maikutlo ea kahare.
Bafuputsi ba bang ba khothalelitse ho sebelisa carp ea silevera ha feela sepheo sa mantlha e le ho fokotsa lithunthung tse sa thabiseng tsa mefuta e meholo ea phytoplankton, joalo ka cyanobacteria, e ke keng ea laoloa ka nepo ke zooplankton e kholo e jang limela. Li-stock tsa carp tsa silevera li bonahala li loketse haholo matšeng a tropike a hlahisang haholo ebile a haelloa ke cloploctonton e kholo ea cladoceral.
Ba bang ba na le monyetla oa ho sebelisa carp ea silevera eseng feela bakeng sa taolo ea bolele, empa le bakeng sa zooplankton le lintho tse emisitsoeng tsa manyolo. Ba pheha khang ea hore ho hlahisoa ha litopo tsa silevera tse 300-450 ka Letamong la Netof naheng ea Isiraele ho thehile sistimi e leka-lekaneng ea tikoloho.
Taba e khahlisang: Likoloi tsa silevera li kotsi ho batho ka lebaka la ho thulana pakeng tsa liketsoana tsa batšoasi ba litlhapi le likotsi ho batho ba li qabetseng.
Moralo oa sechaba le tlhahiso
Setšoantšo: Silver carp fry
Carp ea silevera e ngata haholo. Ho tsoala ka tlhaho ho etsahala libakeng tse holimo tsa linoka tse phallang ka potlako tse nang le botebo bo bonyane ba 40 cm le lebelo la hajoale la 1.3-2.5 m / s. Batho ba baholo ba qhotsetsa linokeng kapa melatsoaneng e kaholimo ho li-rapids tse sa tebang tse nang le lehlohlojane kapa lehlabathe, karolong e kaholimo ea metsi, kapa le kaholimo nakong ea likhohola, ha metsi a phahama ka lisenthimithara tse 50-120 ho feta tse tloaelehileng.
Ho butsoa ha ho qetela le ho hlahisa mahe ho bakoa ke keketseho ea boemo ba metsi le mocheso. Ho tsoala ho emisa ha maemo a fetoha (li-carp tsa silevera li na le bothata ba ho theoha ha metsi) mme li qala hape ha metsi a phahama. Bacha le batho ba baholo ba theha lihlopha tse kholo nakong ea tlhaho.
Batho ba holileng tsebong ba fallela holimo libakeng tse telele qalong ea likhohola tse potlakileng le ho phahama ha metsi, mme ba khona ho tlola litšitiso ho fihlela limithara tse 1. Kamora ho tsoala, batho ba baholo ba fallela libakeng tsa phepo. Ka hoetla, batho ba baholo ba fallela libakeng tse tebileng botebong ba noka, moo ba siuoang ba se na lijo. Larvae e thellisoa ke noka ebe e lula matšeng a likhohola, mabopong a sa tebang le mokhoabong o se nang hona joale.
Mocheso o tlase oa metsi bakeng sa ho beleha ke 18 ° C. Mahe a pelagic (1.3-1.91 mm bophara), mme kamora kemolo, boholo ba tsona bo eketseha ka potlako. Nts'etsopele ea mahe le nako ea ho qhotsoa li ipapisitse le mocheso (lihora tse 60 ho 18 ° C, lihora tse 35 ho 22-23 ° C, lihora tse 24 ho 28-29 ° C, lihora tse 20 ka 29-30 ° C).
Mariha, carp ea silevera e lula "likoting tsa mariha". Li tsoala ha metsi a fihla ho mocheso o lipakeng tsa 18 ° le 20 ° C. Tse tšehali li behela mahe a milione a le 1 ho isa ho a 3, a ruruhang ha a ntse a hola, a fallela tlase a theosa le noka bakeng sa likilometara tse 100. Ka metsing a emeng, mahe a khangoa ke metsi ebe aa shoa. Silver carp e ba kholo ea thobalano ha e le lilemo li tharo ho isa ho tse 'ne. Moo e hlahisoang teng, silver carp ke tlhapi ea bohlokoa khoebong.
Lira tsa tlhaho tsa carp ea silevera
Setšoantšo: Carp ea silevera e shebahala joang
Libakeng tsa bona tsa tlhaho, palo ea li-carp tsa silevera e laoloa ke liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tsa tlhaho. Sebakeng sa Great Lakes, ha ho na mefuta ea litlhapi ea lehae e kholo ho lekana ho tsoma carp ea batho ba baholo. Liphakoe le lintsu tse tšoeu li fepa carp e nyane ea silevera e Basissippi Basin.
Li-pelican li fumaneha libakeng tse ka bophirima ho Matša a Maholo le lintsu ho pholletsa le beisine ho ka lebelloa hore le tsona li etse joalo. Litlhapi tsa matsoalloa tse jang liphoofolo tse kang pere li ka fepa likhomo tse nyane tsa silevera. Ka lebaka la sekhahla sa kholo ea eona, batho ba bangata ba ka lebelloa hore ba ka hola haholo mme ba potlake haholo hore litlhapi tse jang liphoofolo li be le khatello e kholo ea ho ba le palo ea silevera.
Hang ha palo ea 'mele ea silevera e se e holile haholo, ho felisa ho nkuoa ho le thata, kapa ho sa khonehe. Baahi ba ka fokotsoa libakeng tse ling ka ho hana phihlello ea ho hlahisa makhetho ka ho aha litšitiso tsa phallo, empa ena ke tlhahiso e turang e ka lebisang liphellong tse mpe mefuteng ea tlhaho. Taolo e molemohali ea li-carp tsa silevera ke ho li thibela ho kena Great Lakes.
Baahi le boemo ba mofuta
Setšoantšo: Litlhapi tsa Silver carp
Ho pholletsa le Noka ea Mississippi, palo ea li-carp tsa silevera e namela le ho theosa le linoka ho tloha liloko le matamo a 23 (a mararo Nokeng ea Arkansas, a supileng Nokeng ea Illinois, a robeli Nokeng ea Mississippi, le a mahlano Nokeng ea Ohio). Hajoale ho na le litšitiso tse peli tse ka bang teng tsa maiketsetso bakeng sa carp ea silevera e fihlang Great Lakes Basin, ea pele e le mokoallo oa motlakase tsamaisong ea metsi ea Chicago e arolang Noka ea Illinois le Letša la Michigan. Hangata "mokoallo" ona o tloloa ke litlhapi tse nyane le tse kholo tse tsamaeang kamora liketsoana tse kholo.
Ka 2016, berm ea letsopa ea 2.3 km bolelele le limithara tse 2.3 e phethiloe ho Eagle Swamp e Fort Wayne, Indiana, lipakeng tsa Wabash le Momey Rivers (ea bobeli e lebisang Letšeng la Erie). Sebaka sena se mongobo hangata se kile sa ba le likhohola le khokahano lipakeng tsa libaka tse peli tsa metsi, 'me pejana se ne se arotsoe feela ke terata ea khokahano eo ka eona litlhapi tse nyane (le litopo tse nyane tsa silevera) li neng li ka sesa habonolo. Taba ea ho kena le ho ikatisa ha carp ea silevera ka Great Lakes e tšoenyehile haholo ho baemeli ba ho tšoasa litlhapi tsa khoebo le lipapali, litsebi tsa tikoloho le batho ba bang ba bangata ba nang le thahasello.
Silver carp hajoale e khetholloa e le kotsing ka mefuta ea eona ea tlhaho (kaha sebaka sa eona sa tlhaho le boits'oaro bo hlahisang lihlahisoa li angoa ke moaho oa matamo, ho ts'oasa litlhapi le tšilafalo). Empa e fumaneha habonolo linaheng tse ling. Ho fokotseha ha baahi ho bonahala ho bile le bohlokoa haholo likarolong tsa China tsa mofuta oa eona.
Carp ea silevera Ke mofuta oa carp oa Asia o lulang haholo Siberia ea Bochabela le Chaena. E boetse e bitsoa carp e fofang ka lebaka la tloaelo ea eona ea ho tlolela ka metsing ha e tšohile. Kajeno, tlhapi ena e ruuoa lefatšeng ka bophara ka tlhapi ea metsing, 'me carp ea silevera e hlahisoa ka boima ho feta tlhapi e ngoe ntle le carp.
Letsatsi la phatlalatso: 08/29/2019
Letsatsi le ntlafalitsoeng: 22.08.2019 ka 21:05
