Ho na le litšōmo le lipale tse ngata tse amanang le batho ba nang le bokhabane liphoofolo - likhama... Hangata ka ho fetisisa setšoantšo sa sena likhama tsa totem e amanang le tlhaho ea botšehali, bonolo, kutloano, empa ka nako e ts'oanang ha e na mofuta o itseng oa matla a bodemona mme e patiloe ka sephiri. Ha e le hantle, khama e tšehali e joang? Bonolo le ba tlokotsing, kapa ba matla le ba kotsi?
Ponahalo ea Doe
Likhama tse tšehali li emeloa ke mefuta e 'meli. E tloaelehileng haholo Likhama tsa makhooa tsa Europe, empa ho lumeloa hore qalong ho ne ho e-na le mefuta ea Iran feela. Litekanyo tsa liphoofolo tse lulang Europe li fihla bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 130-175 le bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 80-105.
Banna likhama boima Lik'hilograma tse 65-110., Tsehali 45-70 kg. Phoofolo e na le mohatla, bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse ka bang 20, hlooho ea tse tona e khabisitsoe ka manaka, a fetohang masapo ho batho ba baholo.
Joaloka mefuta e meng ea likhama, ha e tona e le kholo, manaka a eona a kholoanyane. Li apere ho fihlela ka Mmesa, ebe lia lahloa, 'me manaka a macha a nang le lits'ebetso tse peli a qala ho hola hloohong. 'Mala oa liphoofolo o latela selemo. Mariha, hlooho le molala li bosootho bo lefifi, mahlakore le mokokotlo li ntšo ka botlalo, karolo e ka tlase ea 'mele e putsoa.
Hlabula likhama e shebahala e khahleha haholo, joalo ka ha ho ka ahloloa ke foto - mabala a matle a masoeu a hlaha seaparong se bobebe sa mahlakore le morao, 'me maoto le mpa li batla li soeufala.
Hangata, har'a likhama tse tšehali, ho na le liphoofolo tse ntšo ka ho felletseng (melanistic) kapa tse tšoeu (albino), tseo ho tloha mehleng ea khale li neng li filoe matla a bodemona mme li ne li nkuoa e le baphatlalatsi ba liketsahalo tse fapaneng.
Likhama tse tona tsa Iran ha li fapane le tsa Europe, ntle le haeba tse tona tsa eona li le kholo hanyane - bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 200. Ha ho bapisoa le mefuta e meng ea likhama, mohlala, likhama tse khubelu, khama e tšehali e na le mesifa e tsoetseng pele haholoanyane, molala le maoto li khutšoane.
Bolulo ba likhama
Naha ea habo likhama e nkuoa e le Mediterranean: Greece, Turkey, ka boroa ho Fora. Kgama e ne e lula Europe Bohareng le Boroa, empa kamora phetoho ea maemo a leholimo, likhama li ile tsa lula Asia Minor, 'me tsa qala ho tlisoa hae ke batho.
Mehleng ea khale, phoofolo ena e ne e isoa Greece, Spain, Italy, 'me hamorao ea isoa Engelane le Europe Bohareng. Lekholong la lilemo la 13-16 le ne le lula karolong e 'ngoe ea Europe Bochabela - Latvia le Lithuania, Poland, karolo e ka bophirima ea Belarus. Matsatsing ana likhama ha li fumanehe hangata libakeng tsena.
Likhama tse tala li ile tsa tlisoa Amerika Leboea le Boroa, Chile, Peru, Australia, Argentina, New Zealand, Japane, sehlekehleke sa Madagascar. Ka motsotsoana, o ile a nyamela libakeng tse ngata 'mapeng - o ne a ile North Africa, Greece, Sardinia, Asia.
Hajoale, palo ea likhama tse tšehali tsa Europe e batla e feta lihlooho tse likete tse 200, 'me ea Iran e makholo a' maloa feela mme e bukeng e khubelu. Khama e tala e leng phoofolo ea morung, 'me e khetha libaka tse nang le mohloa o mongata, libaka tse bulehileng. O boetse o rata lihlahla, joang bo bongata. Le ha ho le joalo, e ka ikamahanya le maemo a fapaneng.
Mokhoa oa bophelo oa Doe
Nakong ea lehlabula, likhama tse tona li lula li arohane, kapa ka lihlopha tse nyane. Likhama tse nyane tsa selemo li tsamaea le 'm'a tsona. Ketsahalo e oela lihoreng tse pholileng tsa hoseng le tsa shoalane, ha khama e jang e fula ebe e ea mokoting oa nosetso.
Motšehare o chesang, likhama tse tona li phomola libetheng tsa tsona, tse hlophisitsoeng moriting oa lihlahla, haufi le matamo a fapaneng. Ha ba le moo ha ba bolokehe mochesong feela, empa hape ba pholosoa ke monoang o tenang.
Likhama ha se phoofolo e lihlong haholo, ha se hlokolosi haholo ho feta litho tse ling tsa lelapa. Haeba liphoofolo li lula lirapeng tsa boikhathollo, haufi le batho, li fetoha matsoho a bonolo ebile li nka lijo matsohong a tsona.
Haufi le mariha, liphoofolo li qala ho bokana ka mehlape e meholo, tse tšehali le tse tona li kopane. Nakong ena, ho qala e 'ngoe ea liketsahalo tse hlollang ka ho fetisisa sechabeng sa likhama - litlholisano tsa likhama le machato a latelang.
Ntoeng ea basali, likhama hangata li roba melala, ka linako tse ling le ho tsona - li loana ka matla. Hoa etsahala hore bahanyetsi ka bobeli ba timele, ba notletsoe ka thata ka manaka a bona.
Ha ba qetile mosebetsi oa bona, ba se ba ralile motheo oa bophelo bo bocha, likhama tse tona lia tloha ebe lia ikarola. Empa likhoeling tse thata ka ho fetisisa tsa mariha, leha ho le joalo lia kopana ho pholoha nako ena e thata le k'hamphani ea banna.
Likhama ha li rate ho tloha sebakeng sa tsona, 'me ke ka seoelo li fetang meeli ea sebaka sa tsona. Tsamaiso ea tsona ea letsatsi le letsatsi e fokotsoe ka litsela tse ts'oanang. Liphoofolo tsena ha lia tšoaneleha hantle bakeng sa ho tsamaea lehloeng ka lebaka la maoto a tsona a makhuts'oane.
Empa ka lebaka la kutlo e tsoetseng pele ea monko, ba fumana habonolo metso e jeoang le boriba ka tlasa eona. Ho utloa ha bona le hona ho chorisitsoe, empa pono ea bona e fokola hanyane. Leha ho le joalo, likhama tse tona li ka utloa motho a le hole le litepisi tse 300 mme haeba ho ka ba le kotsi ba tla ba le nako ea ho baleha, a tlole habonolo litšitiso ho fihla ho limithara tse peli - tsena ke liphoofolo tse bobebe haholo le tse tsamaeang. Likhama tse tšehali li sesa hantle, leha ho le joalo, li qoba ho kena ka metsing ho sa hlokahale.
Lijo
Likhama li na le liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse bobebe. Lijo tsa tsona li na le lihlahisoa tsa limela: makhasi, makala, makhapetla, joang.
Ho ipapisitse le nako ea selemo le phumaneho, likhama tse jang masapo li ja limela tse fapaneng. Nakong ea selemo, ba ja lihloa tsa lehloa, corydalis, anemone, letlobo le lecha la rowan, maple, oak, phaene le lihlahla tse fapaneng.
Lehlabula, ba ja li-mushroom, li-acorn, li-chestnut, monokotsoai, li-sedges, lijo-thollo, limela tsa limela le limela tsa likhele. Mariha, haholo-holo ke makhapetla a lifate le makala a tsona, a sa ruiseng meru molemo. Ho tlatsa mehloli ea bona ea lirafshoa, likhama li batla mobu o nang le letsoai le lengata.
Batho ba nang le tjantjello ea ho eketsa palo ea likhama libakeng tse ling tsa meru ba ba etsetsa lilotho tsa letsoai tsa maiketsetso, ba fepa furu le lijo-thollo. Ntle le moo, batho ba boetse ba beha makhulo a furu bakeng sa likhama, moo clover, lupine, Jerusalema artichoke le litlama tse ling li melang teng.
Ho hlahisa le nako ea bophelo
Ka Loetse, khama e tona e qala nako e telele, 'me e nka likhoeli tse ka bang peli le halofo. Basali ha ba nke karolo "lipontšong" tsa banna, empa banna ba utloa bohloko haholo nakong ena, eseng feela ka lebaka la lintoa tse mpe, empa le ke khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng.
Ba theola boima ba 'mele haholo, ba lahlela matla a bona ohle ho koahela basali ba bangata kamoo ho ka khonehang. Ba batona ba hoeletsa haholo literompeta, ba tseka litokelo tsa bona sebakeng sena, hammoho le tse tšehali tse fulang ho sona.
Ba ferekana haholo, ba be mabifi mme ba felloa ke tlhokomeliso le tlhokomeliso ea bona e tloaelehileng. Batho ba baholo le ba batona ba matla, ba ikopantseng le mohlape oa basali, ba leleka bacha ba fokolang, 'me bana ba selemo ba lula hole le nako e le hore ba kopane le batsoali ba bona hamorao. Nakong e le 'ngoe, e tona e tla koahela tse tšehali tse 5-10.
Ho ima ho nka likhoeli tse 7.5-8, mme ka Mots'eanong, hangata ngoana o le mong o hlaha. O ja lebese ka likhoeli tse ka bang nne, butle-butle a fetohela lijong tsa batho ba baholo. Ha namane e le lilemo li 2-3, e ba kholo ea thobalano. Nako ea bophelo ea likhama tsena tse ntle e ka ba lilemo tse 25-30.
