Bophelo ba metsing e se e le letšoao la Arctic e bohale. Ho thata ho lahleheloa ke walrus e khōlōhali, ho bonolo ho e khetholla ka meno a eona a tšabehang. Lebitso la phoofolo le fetoleloa ka kotloloho ho tsoa ho Segerike - "ho leketlisa meno." Karolong e ka leboea ea lefatše, phoofolo ena e anyesang ke moemeli e moholo oa li-pinnipeds.
Tlhaloso le likarolo
Phoofolo ea leoatleng e tsoteha ka boholo. Boholo ba li-walrus li bolelele ba limithara tse 3.5, empa ho na le batho ba fihlang ho limithara tse 5. Tsehali li tlase - 2.7-3.7 limithara.Misa ea linatla ke lithane tse 1.5-2. Walrus ke leseli la boraro ho feta e tona. Boima ba eona ke ba hore litau tsa leoatleng tse lulang Antarctica li qothisana lehlokoa le li-walrus.
Litopo tse ngata tsa liphoofolo li koahetsoe ke letlalo le sosobaneng ka moriri o sootho. Butle-butle lia nyamela, batho ba khale ba "hlobotse" ka botlalo. Botenya ba letlalo ke cm 4-8, lera la mafura ka tlasa lona ke lisenthimithara tse 15. Mohatla o na le mefuta ea khale.
Mmala o mosootho oa bacha o benya butle butle, bosootho bo pinki bo hlaha ka botsofali. Walrus e tšoeu - sena ha se subspecies arohaneng, empa boemo ba nakoana ba phoofolo, ha ho hlapa ka metsi a leqhoa methapo ea mali ka tlas'a letlalo moqotetsane, e fanang ka lehalima lebetsoeng le ea integument.
Leha e le boima bo bongata, li-walrus li polasetiki. Mapheoana a thata a fetoha habonolo. Maoto a ka morao a tsamaea, kahoo phoofolo e tsamaea ka boits'epo. Li-walrus li ka tsamaea ho fapana le litiiso tse hahabang.
Li-canine tse ntlafalitsoeng tsa liphoofolo, tse lebisitsoeng tlase, lia hlolla. E 'ngoe le e' ngoe e boima ba lik'hilograma tse 3-4, bolelele ba cm 60-80. Furu ea Walrus e bapala karolo ea sechaba - beng ba lihlopha tse kholo ka ho fetisisa ba laola sehlopha. Ts'ebeliso e sebetsang e iponahatsa lintoeng le lira le lira. Ts'ehetso ea menoana e thusa liphoofolo ho tsoa ka sekoting ho ea holimo, ho theha masoba leqhoeng.
Molaleng oa walrus o koahetsoe ke litelu. Molomong o kaholimo feela ho na le li-sete tse 700. Ho utloahala ha moriri haholo ho thusa li-walrus ho fumana li-molluscs tse ka tlas'a metsi.
Mahlo a liphoofolo ha a khetholloe ke pono e bohale. Matla a utloahalang a ho fofonela a thusa ho tsamaea hantle metsing. Ha ho na li-auricles. Mekotla e khethehileng ea 'metso e lumella seqhenqha hore se fetohe float bakeng sa ho ts'oara bokaholimo ba letamo. Li tletse moea, li phefumoloha joaloka libolo, li boloka phoofolo e robetse. Mekotla ea 'metso e nka karolo molemong oa ho hlahisa melumo.
Bophelo ba li-walrus, bo hanyetsanang le maemo a mabe a Arctic, bo amahanngoa le ho falla ho fokolang. Ha mariha a qala, ba tloha boholeng bo ka leboea ho ea lebopong le ka boroa la Alaska, ho ea hloahloeng ea Kamchatka.
Palo ea liphoofolo bakeng sa li-expanses tse ka leboea ha e na thuso. Pelaelo haeba e hlahile walrus bukeng e khubelu kapa che, ebile ha e tšoanelehe. Sekhahla sa batho ba shoang ka lebaka la ho tsongoa hampe se lula se le holimo. Ho ntšoa ha liphoofolo bakeng sa tlhahiso ea matlalo, nama, mafura, menoana esale ho thibetsoe.
Palo e lekanyelitsoeng ea ho ts'oasa lihlapi e lumelloa feela ho matsoalloa a mona a phelang ka tlhahiso ea mofuta ona. Libakeng tse pharalletseng tsa arctic, ntle le batho, phoofolo e anyesang e na le lira tsa tlhaho - libere tsa polar le maruarua a bolaeang.
Batho ba fokolang kapa malinyane a walrus a iphumanang a le naheng a sa lebelloa a fetoha liphofu tsa libere tsa polar. Sebakeng sa leoatle ho tla ba thata haholo ho mamella bere. Esita le phoofolo e lapileng e ke ke ea iteta sefuba ho hlasela walrus e matla, e le hore e se ke ea e-ba lehlatsipa ntoeng.
Hangata libere li sebelisa mano ho hlola walrus e matla. Kahoo, ka linako tse ling ba jala letsoalo molemong oa ho khetholla batho ba fokolang le ba holofetseng bakeng sa phaello e bonolo. Haeba liphoofolo li tlohetse rookery ka khutso, libere li tla sala li se na phofu e monate. Ha li-walrus li potlakela ho sebatana se tšoeu, a ka ikhula a sa thaba, a tseba hore maqeba a linatla tsa leoatle a bolaea.
Mokhoa o tsoetseng pele le ho feta o ile oa bonoa ke Maeskimo. Bohlale ba bere bo iponahalitse ka hore o ile a fumana walrus e robetseng 'me a lahlela leqhoa hloohong. Ho ne ho se thata ho sebata ho sebetsana le phofu ho ea pele.
Inthaneteng u ka fumana foto ea walrus, e robetse ka khotso haufi le bere ea polar. Liphoofolo tse fepehileng hantle ha li bontše pefo; li khetha ho shebella lira tse matla ho fihlela monyetla o loketseng.
Tšokelo e tebileng ho li-walrus e emeloa ke li-whale tse bolaeang, tse phahameng ka bongata le boholo. Mehlahare e matla, meno a bohale a matla ho feta li-canine tse matla. Mehlape ea maruarua a bolaeang e thula molapo oa li-walrus ho e roba likoto, ka mor'a moo e hlasela liphoofolo tse pota-potiloeng ka tsela e hlophisehileng. Walrus e baleha feela ka ho balehela mobung.
Mefuta
Har'a li-walrus ho na le li-subspecies tse peli tse kholo - Pacific le Atlantic. Ho itšehla thajana ha walrus Laptev ho baka likhang. Litsebi, tse ipapisitseng le lipatlisiso tsa DNA, li nka hore ke baahi ba bophirima ba li-subspecies tsa Pacific.
Baemeli ba Pacific ba lula tikolohong e ka leboea ea Bochabela bo Hōle. Li-walrus tse kholo, tse boima ba lithane tse 2, li fumaneha Chukchi, Leoatleng la Bering, lebopong la Kamchatka, Alaska. Palo ea baahi e ka ba batho ba likete tse 200.
Li-walrus tsa Atlantic li fumaneha leboea ho Canada, ka bophirima ho Arctic ea Russia, Greenland. Baemeli ba subspecies sebakeng se sa laoleheng sa ho ts'oasa lihlapi ba batla ba felisitsoe ka botlalo. Walrus ea Atlantic e nyane ka boholo le palo. Baahi ba kenyelletsa batho ba sa feteng likete tse 20. The subspecies tlasa phokotso e ka ho Red Book.
Palo ea Laptev walruses ke batho ba likete tse 5 feela. E rehiloe lebitso la ho ba Leoatleng la Laptev. Boholo ba liphoofolo bo lipakeng - bo ka tlase ho Pacific le ho feta li-subspecies tsa Atlantic.
Mokhoa oa bophelo le tikoloho
Bophelo ba liphoofolo tsa leoatleng bo amana haholo le mabopo a leboea a Europe, Amerika Leboea, Asia le lihlekehleke tsa Arctic. Li pota-potile North Pole ka selikalikoe, li lula haufi le lebopo, li qoba libaka tse bulehileng tsa metsi, leqhoa le sa feleng.
Walrus oa lula libakeng tse sa tebang - tikoloho e ntle bakeng sa liphoofolo tse anyesang. Mefuta ea li-walrus, ka lebaka la ho fokotseha ha palo, hajoale e arotsoe libakeng tse arohaneng. Ho fallela ka linako tse ling ka boroa ha ho na letho ebile ha ho na nako e telele.
Walrus ke phoofolo botsoalle. Dinyantshi di theha dikoloni tse nyane tsa batho ba 10-20 baemedi ba bong bo fapaneng. Ha ho na boeta-pele bo thata ka lihlopha, litho tsohle tsa mohlape li itšoara hantle. Ba batona ba nang le boiphihlelo ba tšoara liphoofolo tse nyane ka khutso ntle le ho bontša mabifi.
Li-rooker tse kholo li na le lihlopha tsa liphoofolo tsa makholo a 'maloa, ka linako tse ling likete, tsa li-walrus. Liphoofolo li haufi haholo. Ho petetsana ho thehoa ka boomo, eseng ka lebaka la khaello ea sebaka. Boima ba 'mele bo phela ka lebaka la motsamao oa liphoofolo metsing le morao. Batho ka bomong ba itšoara ka khotso, leha ho ba le likhohlano tse teng ka linako tse ling.
Li-rookery tse ling kaofela li lebeloa ke balebeli ba lichifi. Le ha liphoofolo li sa bone hantle, kutlo ea ho fofonela e tla lula e fana ka sesupo sa hore motho oa atamela. Ba phatlalatsa tšoso ka ho puruma, ho tšehetsana.
Ho fofa ha litopo tse kholo ho ea metsing ka linako tse ling ho fella ka lefu la masea har'a 'mele e metenya. Malinyane a atlehileng ho hloella mekokotlong ea bo-mme a ona a a ipholosa. Ka linako tse ling ho tšoha ho ba matla ho feta tlhophiso ea mohlape. Bahlaseluoa ba holofetseng ke liphofu tse bonolo tsa libere tsa polar. Li-walrus li ipata ka tlasa metsi, moo li ka emang moeeng ho fihlela metsotso e 10, empa li ikemiselitse ho sesa letsatsi lohle.
Liphoofolo li fapanyetsana ho ba ka leoatleng le ho ba mobung, moo li phomolang li rapaletse pela metsi. Ba hloa liluloana tse bataletseng tsa leqhoa, ba itšetlehile ka menoana e matla. Ba ka robala hohle, ba sa teba ka lebaka la lera le teteaneng la mafura. Liphoofolo lia tsamaea le ho tsoma ka mohlape oohle. Boiketlo bo bonahala ka ts'ehetso, thuso ho batho ba bang.
Phepo e nepahetseng
Lijo tse ka sehloohong tsa li-walrus li fumanoa ka leoatleng - tsena ke lamellar-gill mollusks. Li-vibrissae tse bonolo sefahlehong sa phoofolo li thusa ho fumana sebaka sa tsona. Ka meno, mapheo, molomo, molomo oa liphoofolo o bula likoti tse seretse, o theola mobu, o phahamisa maru a likhetla.
Ka bokhabane o ba pikitla ka mapheoana a reng ke khetla 'me a robeha ebe o lula tlase. Phoofolo e koenya 'mele oa li-mollusk hammoho le metsi. Khotsofalo e tla ha boleng ba lijo bo le bonyane lik'hilograma tse 50. Ho lokoloha ha mobu ho na le phello e ntle tikolohong e tlase - e baka maemo a matle bakeng sa nts'etsopele ea lintho tse phelang.
Li-walrus ha li etse metsing a tebileng ha li batla lijo, li iphepa ka libaka tse lebopong, eseng ka tlase ho limithara tse 80. Lijo tse bonolo li lumella liphoofolo tse nyane ho fumana boima ba 'mele kapele, lera la mafura le sirelletsang liphoofolo ho tsoa ho hypothermia, le ntlafatsa botsitso.
Walrus ea leoatle E fepa ka liboko tse ka tlase, li-crustaceans, likomkomere tsa leoatleng, ka linako tse ling li tšoasa litlhapi, tse bolaeang, ha lijo tse ka sehloohong li sa lekane. Liphoofolo tse lapileng maemong a mang li hlasela litiiso, litiiso, narwhals, leha sena e se boitšoaro bo tloaelehileng ba ho fepa. Ho ja batho e se tšobotsi ea liphoofolo. Har'a tsona, li-walrus li boloka likamano tsa botsoalle, li ema ho sireletsa beng ka tsona, 'me tse tšehali li ikemiselitse ho itela molemong oa malinyane a tsona. Haeba walrus e shoa, basali ba bang ba hlokomela malinyane.
Ho hlahisa le nako ea bophelo
Khōlo ea thobalano e tla kapele ho basali - ba ikemiselitse ho nyalana ha ba le lilemo li 4-6. Tse tona li holile nako e teletsana, li qala ho bontša thahasello ho li-walrus li le lilemo li supileng, empa li qala ho ikatisa hamorao - li le lilemo li 15. Ponahalo ea bana bophelong ba basali e hlaha ka linako tse ling tsa lilemo tse 3-4. Nako ea ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo e qala ka Mmesa - qalong ea Mots'eanong. Liphoofolo tse holileng ka thobalano li fetola boitšoaro ba tsona, li bontša thahasello ho batho ba bong bo fapaneng.
Tse tona tse nang le khotso li ba mabifi ntoeng ea ho batla tlhokomelo ea tse tšehali. Ho na le lintoa lipakeng tsa ba qothisanang lehlokoa, empa ho se na litholoana tse bohloko. Liphoofolo li ka lematsana ka meno a tsona. Letlalo le letenya ho fihla ho cm cm 3-4, mafura a sireletsa litho tsa kahare, kahoo lintoa tsa banna ha li na litlamorao tse mpe. Li-Walrus ha li qothisane lehlokoa feela ka matla, empa hape le litsebo tsa mantsoe, li khothaletsa tse tšehali ho nyalana le tse matla ho feta tsohle. Lenyalo le etsahala karolong ea metsi.
Nako ea ho ba le bana e nka matsatsi a 330-370, kapa libeke tse ka bang 16. Tse tšehali ha li latelloe ke tse ling tse tona, li tsamaea ka polokeho ka har'a rookery. Ka nako e loketseng, namane e le 'ngoe ea hlaha, maemong a sa tloaelehang mafahla a hlaha. Boima ba lesea le ka ba 60 kg, bolelele ba lesea le sa tsoa tsoaloa ke 1 mitha. Lelinyane le khona ho sesa ho tloha nakong ea tsoalo, ka hona, haeba ho ka ba le kotsi, le siea leqhoa, le itahlela ka metsing le mme oa lona.
Ho fepa ngoana ka lebese la letsoele ho nka nako e telele ho fihlela lilemo tse 2, leha ho fepa ho tlatsetsang ka lijo tse tloaelehileng ho qala a le lilemo li likhoeli tse tšeletseng. Masea a qala ho iphepa a le mong feela kamora hore menoana e matlafatsoe. Ha ba le lilemo li tharo, ba ikemela. Ho hlokomela namane ha ho lumelle tsehali ho fumana namane e 'ngoe hape nako e teletsana. Ke li-walrus tse 5% feela tse ka emang selemong se hlahlamang haeba li lahleheloa ke bana.
Mohlape oohle o hlokomela li-walrus tse nyane. Tse tšehali li koahela bana ka 'mele ea tsona, haeba kotsi e le kotsing, li ikemiselitse ho shoa, li sireletsa masea. Baby walrus bakeng sa ts'ireletso le phomolo, e ka hloella mokokotlong oa motho e moholo, e ikutloa e sireletsehile.
Ha e le naheng, bophelo ba walrus bo nka lilemo tse ka bang 30-35. Walrus e 'nile ea hōla ka lilemo tse 20. Ho na le batho ba phetseng nako e telele ba le lilemo li 40. Maemo a mabe a bophelo ba Arctic, ponahalo e tšabehang ea sebatana ha ea ka ea etsa hore phoofolo e be bohale. Ho ithuta ka li-walrus ho bonts'a lefatše le lumellanang ka mokhoa o makatsang le lefatše lohle la liphoofolo tsena.
