Likokoana-hloko tsa Canine li kopantsoe ke lebitso le tloaelehileng phokojoe, eo semelo sa Selatine se amanang le tlhaloso ea khale ea Roma ea "phiri ea khauta". Tlhahisoleseling ea nalane e bonts'a kabo ea eona e pharalletseng linaheng tsa Europe, Asia, Africa. Ho ithuta ka phoofolo e anyesang ho senola mekhoa e khahlisang ea sebatana, tsela ea bophelo.
Tlhaloso le likarolo
Ha e bapisoa le baemeli ba bang ba lelapa la canid, liphokojoe ke liphoofolo tse nyane, tse nyane ho feta phiri. Bolelele ba 'mele ke lisenthimithara tse ka bang 80-130, mohatla ke 25-30 cm, bophahamo ba sebatana ke lisenthimithara tse 40-45. Boima ba phokojoe e tloaelehileng ke 8-12 kg.
Sebopeho se tšoana le phiri e otileng - 'mele o teteaneng o nang le maoto a masesaane. Phokojoe setšoantšong ka mehla e nang le mohatla o leketlileng, oo boholo ba oona bo ka bang karolo ea boraro ea bolelele ba 'mele. Mohatla o motenya le o boea o leketlile fatše hoo e batlang e le fatše.
Hlooho e nyane e bōpehileng joaloka chesele. Molomo oa phoofolo o ea supa. Litsebe li eme li otlolohile. Ho utloa ka liphoofolo ho ntlafalitsoe hantle, ho thusa ho fumana litoeba tse nyane joang bo teteaneng. Meno a bohale a fetoloa hore a phunye letlalo le letenya. Mahlo a nang le irises e sootho.
Maoto a malelele, ka pele le ka morao, a bolelele bo batlang bo lekana. Joalo ka li-canine tse ling, phokojoe - phoofolo ntlha ya menoana. Maoto a ka pele a liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo li na le menoana e mehlano, maoto a ka morao a na le a mane. Manala a makhutšoanyane.
Moriri oa liphoofolo o makhasi, o thata. 'Mala oa fetoha, o fapane haholo ho latela sebaka sa bolulo. Mantsoe a bofubelu bo mosehla a atile, a fetoha sootho. Mokokotlo le mahlakore a lefifi ho isa botšo, joalo ka ntlha ea mohatla. 'Metso, mpa, maoto a mebala e khanyang. Ha ho na phapang ea thobalano ka 'mala. Boea ba lehlabula bo ba bokhuts'oane bo be bobebe ho feta boea ba mariha.
Phokojoe ke sebata se lerata, se llang. Sebatana se lla haholo qalong ea ho tsoma, ho shebahala joalo ka mohoo oa ngoana ka molumo o phahameng. Phokojoe bokolla ka screech, litho tsohle tsa mohlape ka hohle. Mehoo e utluoa ho arabela lerata le phahameng - li-siren tsa koloi, litloloko lia lla.
Mantsoe a libata a utloahala neng kapa neng ha a tsamaea. Ho hlokomeloa hore ba bokolla haholo nakong ea leholimo le hlakileng, haholo bosiu, maemong a leholimo a mabe ba kokobela. Mekhoa ea sejoale-joale ea lipatlisiso e nolofalletsa ho tseba palo ea liphoofolo mohlapeng ka mehala.
Liphokojoe ke liphoofolo tse lutseng feela tse se nang phallo ea linako tsa selemo. Di ka sutha ho 50-100 km ho tloha moo li lulang teng ho ea batla libaka tsa furu. Morekisi e ne e le phokojoe e tona e neng e tsamaile lik'hilomithara tse 1250 ho tloha mosobeng o sa feleng. Haholo-holo liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo li hlaha libakeng tsa lefu la likhomo tse ngata ho fepa mesaletsa.
Metseng le ditoropong ke phoofolo ya "matlakala". Mofuta oa lijo o amahanngoa le taba ea hore liphokojoe ke tsona tse tsamaisang tšoaetso, likokoana-hloko, ho kenyeletsoa le seoa se kotsi, le rabies.
Phokojoe ha e tšabe batho, e ka ba limithara tse 20-30 haufinyane. Mapolasi a na le bothata ba mehlape ea liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo, moo sebata se jang litholoana tse monate. O loma ntho e ngoe le e ngoe, a khetha mahapu a butsoitseng le mahapu. Sebatana se kenella liphoofolong tsa linonyana tsa bohlokoa, masimong a ho tsoma - ho nutria, muskrats. Bakeng sa tšenyo e bakiloeng ke liphokojoe tse sa mamellaneng, li thunya kapa li cheha maraba.
Ha ho bonolo ho loana le phokojoe, ho thata ho e ts'oara ho feta phiri kapa phokojoe. Phoofolo e mano haholo, esita le setsomi se nang le boiphihlelo ha se khone ho sebetsana le sona kamehla. Ha a oele lerabeng le bonolo, o itšoara ka litsela tse thetsang, a siea batho ba ratang lipapali ba se na letho. Mariha, o khetha libaka moo lehloa le sa oeleng, e le hore a se ke a siea mesaletsa.
Phokojoe ha e tšoanelehe bakeng sa tlhahiso ea khoebo, matlalo a sebelisoa hanyane. Setšoantšo se fosahetseng sa phoofolo e nang le litšobotsi tse ngata tse mpe se thehiloe moetlong. Ho thahasellisang ke hore phokojoe ke moholo-holo oa mefuta e meng ea lintja, kaha e thapisitsoe ka ho phethahetseng ke batho.
Mefuta
Ho na le mefuta e 4 ea liphokojoe, tse tšoanang ka chebahalo, empa li fapane ka liphatsa tsa lefutso.
Phokojoe e Tloaelehileng (Asia)... Bolulo - Afrika Leboea, boroa-bochabela ho Europe, Asia, Middle East. Kabo e pharalletseng ea mofuta ona e amahanngoa le maikutlo a litsebi mabapi le boteng ba li-subspecies tse 20, empa ba bangata ba hana kahlolo ena. Mmala oa fapana sebakeng se seng le se seng sa bolulo, empa mebala e na le mebala e sootho le bosootho bo bofubelu. Ntlha ya mohatla e ntsho kamehla.
Phokojoe e metsero. E na le lebitso la eona ka lebaka la metopa e mesoeu e lipakeng tsa tse ntšo mahlakoreng a 'mele. 'Mala o akaretsang o mosehla bo sootho kapa bohlooho. Mokokotlo o lula o le lefifi ho feta molumo o moholo. Ho fapana le mefuta e meng, e na le mohatla o mosweu ntlheng. Ba lula masabasabeng a Afrika Bohareng, libakeng tse ling ka bochabela le bophirima ba kontinenteng. Libaka tse ratoang haholo ke lihlahla tse teteaneng tsa lihlahla. Phoofolo e jang liphoofolo tse ling, ho fapana le beng ka eona, e khetha ho fepa phofu e phelang.
Phokojwe e mokokotlo o motsho. Mokokotlo le mohatla oa phoofolo li koahetsoe ke boea bo bosoeu le bosoeu, bo ts'oanang le bethe ea boea ka tlasa sale - lesela la sale. Sena se hlalosa lebitso la mofuta ona, 'mala oa ona o mofubelu. Phoofolo e phela ka ho khetheha Afrika. Batho ba babeli ba mofuta ona ba lula libakeng tse ka boroa le bochabela tsa kontinenteng, ha ba kopane.
Phokojoe ea Moethiopia... E lula feela lithabeng tsa Ethiopia. Lebitso le leng la phoofolo ke phiri ea Abyssinia, phokojoe ea Ethiopia. Ka ntle, sebata se shebahala joaloka ntja e maoto a malelele e nang le hlooho ea phokojoe. Phoofolo e sa tloaelehang haholo. 'Mala o karolong e kaholimo ea' mele o motsho, mohatla, mahlakore, maoto a makhubelu, mpa e tšoeu. Ntlha ya mohatla e ntsho.
Mosebetsi oa liphoofolo ke motšehare, hammoho le ntho e ka sehloohong ea ho tsoma ha tsona - litoeba. Ho fapana le mefuta e meng, libatana li na le sethepu, ho seng joalo li ka be li sa phela sebakeng se fokolang. Mofuta o sa tloaelehang o hloka tšireletso le ts'ireletso.
Sebaka se khethehileng ho lula ho sona Phokojoe oa Afrika, eo, joalo ka ha e sa tsoa thehoa, e amanang le lefutso le liphiri. Phoso e ile ea hlahisoa hore e lokisoe, ho bitsa phoofolo phiri ea khauta ea Afrika.
Ho pheha khang ho kenyelletsa phiri ea Baegepeta joalo ka phokojoe. Ho tloha mehleng ea khale, phoofolo e ne e nkuoa e le mohlolo ka ho phela pela mahaha le mabitla. Sebata se ne se amahanngoa le lefu, bophelo ba kamora lefu ka lebaka la boikemisetso ba lona ba ho cheka mabitla.
Ho ka etsahala hore moetlo oa ho pata mabitleng o ile oa hlaha ho sireletsa bafu liphiring. Phokojoe ea Baegepeta ka tieo kena litšōmo tsa Egepeta ea Boholo-holo. Setšoantšo sa molimo se amanang le lefats'e la bafu se na le ponahalo ea phiri e nang le mohatla o thellang.
Mokhoa oa bophelo le tikoloho
Asia Phokojoe - sebata e tloaelehileng haholo. Ho tloha bohareng ba lekholo la bo20 la lilemo, ho ata ha sebata ho qalile Europe. Ho atolosoa ha mofuta ona ho boetse ho etsahetse sebakeng sa Russia ea sejoale-joale - ponahalo e ile ea tsejoa sebakeng sa Krasnodar Territory, Setereke sa Rostov le Hloahloeng ea Crimea.
Tse fapa-fapaneng mefuta ea liphokojoe khetha libaka tse koahetsoeng ke limela haufi le 'mele ea metsi, mapolanka a lehlaka. Libakeng tse lithaba, e hlaha bophahamong ba limithara tse 2500. Hangata e lula likhohlong tsa likhohola har'a likhohlo tsa lehlaka. Liphoofolo li ikamahanya hantle le libaka tse fapaneng tsa bolulo, ka hona, mofuta ona ha o kotsing ea ho fela.
Likarolo tse hara majoe, mekoti e tlohetsoeng ea lipela, liphokojoe, liphiri li fetoha setšabelo sa liphoofolo. Li-niches tsa tlhaho le khatello ea maikutlo li boetse li rarolloa ke liphokojoe haeba li le libakeng tse sa fihleheng. Ha se hangata liphoofolo li cheka mekoti ka botsona.
E le molao, sena se etsoa ke malinyane a malinyane. Sebaka sa liphahlo se bontšoa ke litsela tse li lebisang. U ka bona lefatše le leholo monyako. Libakeng tsa bolulo, liphoofolo li ipata motšehare, haeba ho ka ba le kotsi. Ka tloaelo, ho na le mekoti ea batho ba bang ba bong bo fapaneng haufi.
Ka linako tse ling bolulo ba liphokojoe bo fumaneha haufi le bolulo. Liphoofolo li ka itsamaela bosiu literateng tsa motsana oa India, Pakistan, li kena libakeng tsa boikhathollo, masimong a meru pela liporo.
Phokojoe e nkuoa e le sebata se sassy se nang le sebete se fetang phokojoe. Litholoana tse bohloko li tlohela ponahalo ea hae mapolasing a likhoho, libaeseng tsa balemi. Phoofolo e le 'ngoe ha e hlasele motho, empa mohlape oa liphokojoe o kotsi haholo.
Phepo e nepahetseng
Liphoofolo li na le bokhoni bo ikhethang ba ho fumana mehloli ea lijo. Lijo tsa liphokojoe li kenyelletsa liphoofolo tse anyesang, linonyana, lihahabi, litšila tsa lijo, lijo-thollo, litholoana, meroho. Joalo ka mefuta e meng ea liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo, liphoofolo ha li khese setopo, ho itšetleha ka hona hangata ho feteletsoang tlhahlobisong ea liphoofolo. Ka kakaretso ea lijo, ha e fete 6-10% ea lijo. Liphoofolo li hoheloa ke mahlabelo, libaka tsa lepato tsa likhomo, litšila tsa mobu, libaka tsa ho lahla litšila tsa lijo.
Phokojoe e ka bitsoa eseng feela se bokellang, empa hape le setsomi sa 'nete. Liphoofolo tse nyane - likhoto, litoeba - li fetoha phofu ea sebatana. Liphokojoe li atleha ho tsoma lipere, li-muskrats, nutria, lipela le ho hlasela lipoli tse ruuoang, linku esita le manamane. Linonyana, ho tloha lirobele tsa toropo, li-turkeys tse ruuoang malapeng ho matata a linonyana tsa metsing, li-coots ke lintho tse lulang li tsotelloa ke liphoofolo tse li jang. Linonyana tse fallang libakeng tsa phomolo nakong ea ho falla li utloa bohloko haholo ke sebatana. Phokojoe e tšoara liphofu ha e tloha ka ho tlola holimo.
Haufi le litopo tsa metsi, phoofolo e fumana likhofu, li-amphibian, lihoho, mekholutsoane, li-molluscs, litlhapi le liphoofolo tsa leoatleng, tse tsamaisoang ke metsi ho ea lebopong. Ka har’a joang, phokojoe e tšoara likokoanyana, e li tšosang ka boomo. Hangata setsomi sea mamela, sea fofonela, ha se fose leqhubu le lenyane ho potoloha.
Bomenemene ba phokojoe bo bonahala ka ho latela libatana tse kholo ho ja masalla a phofu ea tsona. Hangata di tsoma ka bobedi, ka dihlopha ho kganna phofu ya tsona.
Boholo ba lijo ke lijo tsa limela. Litholoana tse nang le lero li tima lenyora la liphoofolo. Phokojoe e ja hawthorn, dogwood, morara, lipere, mahapu, tamati. Nakong ea selemo, li-bulbs tsa semela le metso ea lehlaka li fetoha lijo. Liphoofolo li khotsofatsa tlhoko ea tsona ea ho noa matamong a fapaneng, 'me libakeng tse omeletseng li bile li cheka mekoti libakeng tsa ho pshesa linoka hore li tahoe ke metsi a ka tlasa lefatše.
Ho hlahisa le nako ea bophelo
Liphokojoe tse nyalaneng li lula bophelo bohle ba tsona ho fihlela lefung la molekane oa tsona. Nako ea ho ruruha hangata e ba ka Hlakola mme e nka nako e ka etsang khoeli. Banna ba batlang banyalani ba bokolla haholo, loanela tse tšehali. Banyalani ba bōpiloeng ba etsa lesoba hammoho, ba kopanela ho hōliseng bana. Boitokisetso ba lapeng bo na le ho fumana mokoti kapa ho cheka oa hau. Botebo ba bolulo ke limithara tse ka bang 2. Thupelo e teng ka lehlakoreng, e phethela ka kamore ea sehlaha.
Ho ima ha phokojoe e tšehali ea Asia ho nka matsatsi a 63. Mefuta ea Afrika e nka bana ho fihlela matsatsi a 70. Ho tsoaloa malinyane a 2-4. Bana ba sa tsoa tsoaloa ba hlaha ba foufetse, ba bona ka matsatsi a 9-17. Malinyane a qala ho utloa ka libeke tse peli, mme a tsamaea ka khoeli. Seaparo se bonolo butle-butle se ba mahoashe kamora ho hlaha. Mmala o fetoha ho tloha boputswa bo sootho ho ya bokgubedu-botsho.
Ho fepa masea ka lebese la mme ka likhoeli tse 1.5-2 ho kopantsoe le lijo tse tlatselletsang le lijo tsa nama ho tloha libekeng tse 2-3. Liphoofolo li khutlisetsa phofu e koenyehileng, kahoo ho bonolo hore li ise lijo ho bana ba tsona.
Tse tšehali tse nyane li fihlela kholo ea thobalano ka likhoeli tse 11, tse tona - ka lilemo tse peli, empa malinyane a na le batsoali ba bona nako e telele ho fihlela lilemo tse 1.5-2. Nako ea bophelo ea liphokojoe ka tlhaho ke lilemo tse 12-14. Barati ba makatsang ba boloka liphokojoe kholehong, ba li thapise ka katleho. Tlhokomelo e nepahetseng le phepo e nepahetseng ha li ame haholo ponts'o ea nako e telele, baahi ba khale ba phela lilemo tse 16-17.
Nalane ea phokojoe ke ea khale, empa ha e utloisisoe ka botlalo. Ntoa ea ho phela e ile ea qobella phoofolo ho ikamahanya le maemo a fapaneng, ka lebaka leo e ntse e le karolo ea liphoofolo tsa lefatše la sejoale-joale.
