Moferefere - mohale oa setso. Hangata litoeba li hlaha lipaleng tsa lipale tsa Kazakh; Kalmyks e keteka letsatsi la eona, e tšoantšetsang ho fihla ha selemo. Ho lumeloa hore phoofolo, e eme ka har'a kholomo e lebetseng polokeho ea eona le bana, e tseba libaka tse patiloeng ka letlotlo le patiloeng. Haeba bosiu bo oela sethepeng, phoofolo e tla bolella motsamai ea robetseng litsebeng hore na khauta e patiloe hokae.
Tlhaloso le likarolo
Moferefere ke ea lelapa la squirrel la tatellano ea litoeba, ho tloha ka liphoofolo Mefuta ea 38, boholo le mebala lia fapana. Boima ba phoofolo ke 200-1500 g, bolelele ba 'mele bo tloha ho 15 ho isa ho 38 cm, mohatla o monyane haholo ke 3 cm, o moholo ka ho fetisisa ke 16 cm.
Mebala ea mefuta e tloaelehileng ea li-squirrel tsa fatše Russia e kenyelletsa mebala e sootho, e sootho e sootho e nang le mabala, metopa, e kopantsoeng le lithane tse bobebe ka morao. Hangata mpa e tšoeu ka 'mala o mosehla kapa o mosoeu, mahlakore a bofubelu bo khanyang.
Litoeba li na le 'mele o molelele ka sebopeho sa silindara. Maoto a ka morao a malelele ho feta a pele, empa a na le dinala tse matla tse nkang karolo ho theheng mekoti. Li-auricles li nyane, ha li na tsoelo-pele. Sulik bulela foto e shebahala e qabola ebile e le ntle.
Ka hlabula, moriri wa diphoofolo o ba thata, o be kgutshwane ebile o mokgutshwane. Mariha, ho boloka mocheso oa 'mele, boea boa hola le ho feta. Tlhaho e ile ea hlokomela pono ea gopher sebakeng se lerōle, e matlafatsa mahlo ka litšoelesa tse atolositsoeng tse sireletsang mahlo linthong tse ling.
Mefuta ea liphoofolo tse bolokang lijo bakeng sa ts'ebeliso ea nako e tlang li sebelisa mekotla ea marameng. Ha li hlokahale feela bakeng sa ho boloka lijo. Liphoofolo, ha li fumana seo li ka li jang, li mathela ka sekoting sa tsona ebe li ja seo li se tlisitseng kamora marama a tsona.
Mohatla o boea o na le mesebetsi e meraro. E sebetsa e le tataiso ha u tsamaea ka sekoting se lefifi. Ha e ama mabota a labyrinths, phoofolo e utloisisa hore na e lokela ho tsoela pele e tsamaea ka lehlakoreng lefe. Steppe gopher matsatsing a chesang le a chesang, e sebelisa mohatla ho itšireletsa mahlaseling a bataolang a letsatsi, 'me mariha e itšireletsa serameng ka thuso ea eona.
Ka kolone, liphoofolo tse anyesang li buisana ka boitsebiso ka tsela e rarahaneng. "Leleme" la marmots le kenyelletsa ho lla, ho letsa mololi, ho honotha, ho letsa. Molamu o tlalehang kotsi sebakeng sa mahlaseli ha a utluoe ke liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo, e leng seo lintja tsa mahaeng li se sebelisang ho lemosa beng ka bona ka ho atamela ha sera.
Empa ea sebetsa ha sebatana se ntse se le hole. Moferefere ea hoeletsangho etsa lerata le phahameng le utloiloeng ke tsebe ea motho ke sesupo sa hore o hloka ho ipata hanghang. Puo ea puisano ea litoeba e thata ho feta. Bo-rasaense ba na le tšekamelo ea ho lumela hore ba sebelisa melumo e fapaneng, bapalami ba liphoofolo ba hlalosa se bakang kotsi, sebaka sa eona le lintlha tse ling.
Mamela melumo ea li-gopher:
Mefuta
Ba lulang Russia ba kenyelletsa mefuta e latelang ea li-squirrel tsa fatše:
- Yellow kapa sandstone
Li hola ho fihlela ho 38 cm ka bolelele ba 'mele le boima ba 0,8 kg. Sebaka gopher ea lehoatata la liphoofolo e khetholla 'mala - lehlabathe le monochromatic le nang le mabali a lefifi. Phoofolo e ka fumanoa Uzbekistan, Kazakhstan, Turkmenistan, libakeng tse tlase tsa Volga.
O phela bophelo ba boinotšing, ha a thehe metsana. Ka lebaka lena, o hlokolosi haholo. Pele a tloha ka sekoting, o sheba ho potoloha nako e telele. Nakong ea phepelo, e nka maemo ho latela limela. O ja joang bo bolelele, o eme ka kholomong, ka joang bo tlase, a khumame fatše.
Majoe a lehlabathe hangata ke sepheo sa varminting. Leha ho tsoma litoeba lipapaling ho kenyelletsa ho loants'a tšoaetso ea tšoaetso le ts'ireletso ea masimo ho tloha timetsong, masiba a mosehla a kotuloa nakong ea selemo ka lebaka la boea ba 'ona bo botle, mafura a bona a sebelisetsoa ho pheha le ho phekola. Lejoe la lehlabathe le fapane le mefuta e meng ea likokoana-hloko ka nako e telele ka ho fetisisa ea ho robala, e leng likhoeli tse 9.
- Bofubelu bo boholo
E nyane hanyane ho feta gopher e khubelu, bolelele bo boholo ba 'mele ke lisenthimithara tse 33-34. Mokokotlo o le sootho ka khauta o na le mabala a mafome, mahlakore a khubelu, mpa e bohlooho. Matheba a mafubelu a bonahala hantle kaholimo ho metheo ea mahlo le marameng. Boima ba 'mele bo fihla ho 1.2-1.4 kg.
Har'a mefuta e meng, squirrel e kholo ea fatše e hlahella ka mokhoa oa eona oa bophelo o mafolofolo, e falla ho ea batla setsi sa lijo, e sesa hantle. Ka pel'a mekoti, eo ho eona ho nang le likotoana tse ka bang 10 setsing ka seng, ha ho na litutulu tsa letsopa (gopher), tse sa tloaelehang bakeng sa litoeba tsa mofuta ona.
Sebaka sa kabo ke masamo a Kazakh le a Russia a nang le forb, step-steppe. Ha se hangata, liphoofolo li fumanehang moeling oa moru, haufi le litsela. Liphoofolo li khona ho lula merung ea lihlahla, moo limela tse phahameng li sa lumelleng ho shebella tikoloho leha e le maemong a kholomo.
Nonyane e kgolo ya fatshe ha se mofuta o monyane kapa o kotsing ya ho fela. Ho fapana le moo, e baka tšenyo e kholo likhoebong tsa temo tse sebetsanang le ho lema lijalo tsa lijo-thollo. Joalo ka mefuta e meng, e jala mafu a tšoaetsanoang.
- Nyane
Mokokotlo o sootho bo sootho kapa oa lefatše o nang le likoatipa tse bosehla. Likarolo tsa parietal le occipital tsa hlooho li na le mebala e mengata, sefuba se soeufetse, mahlakore a khubelu. Bolelele ba 'mele ke bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 21. Mohatla o monyane, o na le lisenthimithara tse 4 feela. Phoofolo e qoba libaka tse nang le liforomo tse phahameng.
Motho e mong le e mong o khotsofetse ka mokotla o le mong. Molamu ha o boloke. Ho nkuoa e le mojari oa mafu a robeli a kotsi a ka bakang seoa. Ka mokhoa o hlokang mohau o senya lijo-thollo, mahapu le lintho tsa ho jala merung. Ho sa tsotelehe mefuta e hlahisitsoeng, e thathamisitsoe Bukeng e Khubelu ea Crimea.
- Caucasian kapa lithaba
'Mele o bolelele ba 23-24 cm,' mala o ka morao o sootho, o sootho ka 'mala o mosehla kapa ka ho tlotsa moriri o motšo. Mpa le mahlakore li putswa. Mohlala o bonahala haholo liphoofolong tse nyane. Sebaka sa kabo se kenyelletsa makhulo a sebaka sa Elbrus, masabasaba a jetsoeng ka lijo-thollo, likhalase tse koahetsoeng ke junipere kapa barberry, likhohola tsa linoka tsa Caucasus.
Haeba u etsahala gopher morungjoale ke pono ea thaba. Ho fapana le beng ka bona, ba khethang ho lula libakeng tse bulehileng, maemong a feteletseng metseng ea meru, squirrel ea Caucasus e ka fumanoa morung o nang le lifate tsa khale tsa phaene.
Boikemelo ba liphoofolo bo fetela feela bolulong, empa eseng libakeng tsa phepelo, moo li jang joang hammoho le litho tse ling tsa mofuta ona. Gopher ea lithabeng e kotsi ho liphoofolo tse ruuoang ha lefu la seoa le ata.
- Ho baleha
Lithota tse sa lengoang tsa phula ea Europe Bochabela, masimo a meru, makhulo a libaka tse ka bophirima tsa Ukraine le Belarus ke sebaka sa kabo ea liphoofolo tse nyane tse sa feteng halofo ea kilogram, bolelele ba 17 cm le mehatla ea lisenthimithara tse 3. Mebala e mebala-bala, e faneng ka lebitso la mofuta ona.
Mmala o moholo oa mokokotlo o sootho kapa o sootho. Mabala a ka ba bosoeu kapa bosehla, mokokotlo oa hlooho ke pock. Mpa e putsoa ka bosehla, sefuba se bobebe. Haufi le Boroa ho phela mmampana wa mmala wa makgwaba, ea mabala 'mala.
Kobo e khuts'oane, ha ea lekana ntle le mohatla. Hloohong e kholo, mahlo a maholo a nang le mophetho o mosoeu a hlahile. Litsebe li batla li sa bonahale. Litoe li lula metsaneng, li theha poone e nyalisitsoeng le mokotatsie o monyane oa lefats'e.
- @Motswedingfm
Baemeli ba mofuta ona ba na le 'mala o bobebe: mokokotlo o moputsoa oa lehlabathe o nang le maqhubu a sa bonahaleng, mpa ke fawn, mahlakore a maputsoa ka mafome. Bolelele ba 'mele ke 20 cm, ho batho ba baholo - 23 cm.
E theha libaka tsa masabasaba a Transbaikalia, ka hona lebitso la bobeli - gopher ea Transbaikalian. Moeti khafetsa matlong a matlo le matlong a lehlabula, makhulong, haufi le mapolasi. E lula litseleng tse kholo kapa haufi le literene, 'me e lula mokhoeng oa motho e mong.
O phela ka boikemelo, ha a kenyelletsoa metseng ea sehlopha. Nakong ea nako ea ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo, mofoli oa Daurian o khona ho hlola 1.5 km. Mekoti e chekoa selemo se seng le se seng ntle le ho tsoa le maemong a tšohanyetso. Pele e robala, e pata lesoba la monyako ka turf.
- Marama a mafubedu
Mofuta ona o tloaelehile ka boroa ho Urals, Caucasus, Western Siberia, Kazakhstan. Moferefere o ile a fumana lebitso la ona ho tloha matheba a maholo a mafome kapa a sootho marameng. Ho latela boholo le boima ba eona, ke ea sehlopha se bohareng.
Tšobotsi e ikhethang ea litoeba tse nang le marama a mafubelu ke hore ka bolelele ba 'mele bo fihlang ho 26-28 cm, e na le mohatla o monyane ka mokhoa o sa lekanyetsoang o bolelele ba 4-5 cm. Mohatla ke oa khauta, monochromatic Melumo e khubelu e fumanehang mefuteng e meng ea mahlakore ha e bonahale hantle kapa ha e eo ka botlalo.
Mofubelu ea sefahleho se sefubelu o hlahella ka hlooho e nyane e bobebe, meno a maholo le mahlo. Boholo ba libaka tsa bolulo ke joang ba masiba le li-steppes. Nako le nako li fumanoa merung ea meru le makhulong a lithaba, e seng holimo ho likete tse likete tse peli kaholimo ho bophahamo ba leoatle.
Haufinyane le boroa, liphoofolo li ba nyane haholo, 'me' mala o ea fifala. Litoeba tsa mofuta ona li theha likolone. E kotsi ho lijalo tsa lijo-thollo, serapa sa meroho. Bajari ba kotsi ea encephalitis, lefu la seoa.
- Nako e telele
Bochabela bo Hōle ke sebaka sa kabo ea mefuta e meholo ea bo-squirrel ba fatše, bao 'mele ea bona e leng bolelele ba 32 cm,' me mohatla o mokhutšoane makhetlo a mabeli. Boima ba e tona ke halofo ea kilogram, e tšehali e ka tlase ho 100 g. Letheba le lesoeu le bonahala mokokotlong o sootho oa gauta. Mahlakore a makhubelu, mpa e mosehla, hlooho, e nang le litsebe tse hlakileng ho feta mefuta e meng, e lefifi ho feta mokokotlo.
Liphoofolo li lula lithabeng tse tlase, morung-tundra, masabasaba, meru ea phaene e sa tloaelehang, moo joang ba li-steppe bo melang teng. Lintja tsa Prairie li cheka mekoti e rarahaneng e nang le likarolo tsa merero e fapaneng. Melumo e etsoang ke li-squirrel tsa mohatla o molelele li bapisoa le seboko se llang. Li oela mariha, li nka likhoeli tse fetang tse tšeletseng ka mor'a lehloa la pele.
- Beringian kapa Amerika.
Li-gopher tsa mofuta ona Russia li atile Kamchatka, moo li bitsoang evrazhka, Kolyma, Chukotka. Ba khetha ho lula mobung oa temo haufi le metse, empa ba boetse ba fumanoa naheng.
'Mele o bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 32,' me mohatla o bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 12. Mokokotlo o sootho ka khauta o nang le matheba a masoeu, hlooho e tletse melumo. Mahlakore, mpa ea litoeba li na le 'mala o mofubelu bo khanyang Ka lebaka la boemo ba leholimo bo batang, litoeba li rata lijo tsa liphoofolo (likokoanyana). Ba amohela ka mofuthu lintho tse tsoang ho bahahlauli 'me ba kena libakeng tsa bona tsa ho paka makoloi. Ba lula likoloneng, ba cheka masoba a makala, moo ho bolokiloeng sebaka bakeng sa lisebelisoa, tse jeoang kamora ho tsoha boroko.
Mokhoa oa bophelo le tikoloho
Le ha mefuta e meng e fumaneha merung le merung ea eike, bongata ba eona bo khetha ho lula libakeng tse bulehileng. Sena se bakoa ke monyetla oa ho boloka polokeho. Li-Gopher li na le lira tse ngata tsa tlhaho. Tsena li kenyelletsa liphooko, likhaete, liphakoe. Ho tsoa liphoofolong - liphokojoe, lipela, liphiri, li-raccoon. Ho etsa mabanta, linoha, ferret ke tsona tse kotsi ka ho fetisisa, kaha li ka kenella ka kotloloho ka tlung.
Masamo, makhulo, makhulo a nang le limela tse tlase le tse fokolang ke libaka tse loketseng litoeba. Ha e se e sebelisitse mohala o ka har'a kholomo le ho lekola sebaka se haufi, phoofolo e hlokomela kotsi ka nako mme e lemosa beng ka eona ka lipontšo tsa lentsoe. Ha se kamehla lintja tsa mahaeng li tšabelang malapeng a tsona. Hoa etsahala hore ba mathele ka mokoting oa pele oo ba kopaneng le ona, moo ba kopanang le khanyetso ea mong'a ona.
Tlhaho e file li-gopper maoto a matla a nang le manala a bohale le sebopeho se ikhethang sa mehlahare ho etsa hore ho be bonolo ho cheka masoba. Phoofolo ka 'ngoe, ho sa natsoe hore na e lula kolone kapa e le' ngoe, e na le "folete" ea eona, mme hangata.
Mefuta e meng e cheka mekoti ho fihlela botebo ba limithara tse tharo le bolelele ba limithara tse 15. Gopher ke phoofolo ea motšehare. E fepa hoseng, ha letsatsi le omisa phoka joang, le mantsiboea. O qeta lihora tse chesang ka ho fetisisa ka mokoting, a robala ha letsatsi le likela.
Bakeng sa mariha, e robala, e tšoarellang ho latela maemo a leholimo a lehae. Ho ea leboea leboea sebaka, nako e telele ea ho robala. Nako e telele ke likhoeli tse 9. Pele ho robala 'meleng oa litoeba, ho hlaha metamorphoses e bohale. Boemo ba li-steroid bo tlola haholo, boima ba mesifa bo eketseha haholo, liprotheine tsa tsona tse sebelisoang mariha.
Gopher e robala hantle haholo. E ka tsosoa feela ke ho theoha ha mocheso ka tlase ho -25 ° C. Sena se sebelisoa hangata ke li-choris tsa masango, tse jang li-gopher tse robetseng. Nakong ea torpor, litoeba li theola halofo ea boima ba tsona ba pele. Komello le khaello ea phepo e nepahetseng li lebisa 'neteng ea hore liphoofolo li robala nakong ea lehlabula, li emetse linako tse thata.
Phepo e nepahetseng
Lijo tsa gopher li kenyelletsa lijo tsa limela le liphoofolo. Karolelano e itšetlehile ka sebaka sa bolulo. Linare tse hōle ka leboea li phela, li hloka protheine ea liphoofolo. Lijo tse tloaelehileng haholo tsa limela li kenyelletsa:
- lijo-thollo, linaoa;
- mahapu;
- forb (clover, lengana, bluegrass, dandelion, sehlabeng, nettle, knotweed);
- bulbs ea eiee e hlaha, li-tulips;
- sonobolomo, oak, maple, peo ea apolekose;
- letlobo le lenyenyane la moluoane;
- li-mushroom, monokotsoai.
Ho ipapisitse le sehla, li-squirrel tsa fatše li ja likarolo tse ka tlasa lefatše kapa tse tala tsa limela, lipeo. Ha li fihlile lirapeng, liphoofolo li ja lihoete, li-beet, li-bulb tsa gladiolus ka thabo. Ho tsoa lijong tsa liphoofolo, lijo li kenyelletsa:
- likokoanyana (bo-maleshoane, marutle, liboko, litsie);
- diboko;
- mahe a linonyana;
- litoeba tsa vole, litsuonyana.
Ka setsi se sa lekaneng sa lijo, li-gopher li ja litšila tsa lijo, setopo. Ho tlalehiloe linyeoe tsa malimo libakeng tse kholo.
Ho hlahisa le nako ea bophelo
Leha e le bobebe le bofokoli kamora ho ho hiber ho li-gopher, nako ea ho tlolelana ha liphoofolo e qala matsatsi a 'maloa kamora ho tsoha. Eseng ntle le lintoa lipakeng tsa bahanyetsi bakeng sa tlhokomelo ea metsoalle.
Tse tšehali li emere malinyane ka khoeli. Ho tloha ho tse peli ho isa ho tse leshome le metso e ts'eletseng lia tsoaloa. Palo ea bana ka kotloloho e latela sebaka sa bolulo le phepelo ea lijo.
Masea a fepa lebese la mme khoeli le halofo, kamora libeke tse peli a qala ho bona. Di ka iphepa ka botsona ka mora matsatsi a 30, empa di dule ka mokoting o tlwaelehileng ho fihlela dikgwedi tse tharo. E tšehali e sireletsa bana ka tieo ho baeti ba sa mengoang. Ho bonahala e le kholoanyane, motsotsong ona o phunya mohatla, o thiba tsela. Bacha ba baholo ba fallela mekoting e chekiloeng ka hloko ke motsoali.
Mathoasong a selemo, linyeoe tsa ho ja nama le libatana ke lisosa tsa lefu le phahameng la liphoofolo tse nyane. Ha e le naheng, litoeba ha li phele nako e telele - lilemo tse 2-3. Batho ba bang, tlasa maemo a matle, ba phela ho fihlela lilemo tse robeli.
Litoeba ha li na mafu a tšoaetsanoang feela 'me li siea likarolo tse kholo tsa lefatla masimong a jetsoeng ka lithollo. E ntle karolo e phethoang ke gopher ka tlhaho e tjena:
- fokotseha ha baahi ba likokoanyana tse senyang lijalo;
- ho eketsa ho kenella hoa mongobo le moea mobu, ho potlakisa ho bola ha lintho tse phelang;
- keketseho ea palo ea mefuta e sa tloaelehang ea linonyana tse jang nama litoeba.
Boea ba squirrel e kholo ea fatše, bo fumanoang nakong ea selemo, bo etsisa mink. Litho tsa phefumoloho li phekoloa ka mafura a hloekileng tikolohong. Sehlahisoa se potlakisa ho tlosoa ha chefo 'meleng, se na le phello ea tonic le bactericidal.
Babali ba khahloa ke buka e khubelu ea phoofolo ea gopher kapa che... Mefuta e menyenyane, e sefahleho se sefubelu le e makhapetla e abetsoe boemo ba ho ba kotsing ea ho ba kotsing le ba seoelo Stavropol Territory, Altai, Caucasus, tikolohong ea Bryansk, Moscow, Nizhny Novgorod le libaka tse ling. Mabaka ke ho lema masimo ho pharalletseng, ts'ebeliso ea meriana e bolaeang likokonyana, palo e ntseng e eketseha ea liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo le ho chesa limela.
Mefuta e meng ea lintja tsa thota e nyamela le libakeng tsa polokelo ea tlhaho. Ho ne ho e-na le tlhoko e potlakileng ea ho theha li-biotopes tsa maiketsetso le lijalo. Ho boloka botšepehi ba liphoofolo tsa naha ke mosebetsi oa naha.
