Litlhapi tsa Moray eel. Tlhaloso, likarolo, mefuta, mokhoa oa bophelo le tikoloho ea moray eels

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Moray - mofuta oa tlhapi e kholo, e jang nama e nang le 'mele oa noha. Li-Moray eel ke baahi ba ka ho sa feleng ba Mediterranean, ba fumanoang maoatleng ohle a futhumetseng, haholo-holo metsing a mafika le a mafika. Ba mabifi. Ho na le linyeoe tse tsejoang tsa moray eels tse hlaselang batho ba fapaneng ntle le tšusumetso.

Tlhaloso le likarolo

Sebopeho sa 'mele, tsela ea ho sesa le ponahalo e tšosang ke matšoao a moray eels. Ts'ebetso ea ho iphetola ha litlhapi tse tloaelehileng e ntlafalitse mapheo - sehlopha sa litho tsa motsamao. Moray eels e ntlafalitsoe ka tsela e fapaneng: ba ne ba khetha ho kobeha hoa 'mele ho e-na le ho phahamisa mapheoana.

Morayhlapi eseng hanyane. Ho eketsoa ha 'mele oa moray eel ho amahanngoa le keketseho ea palo ea li-vertebrae, eseng ka ho lelefatsa' mele o mong le o mong. Li-vertebrae tse ling li eketsoa lipakeng tsa libaka tsa pre-caudal le caudal tsa mokokotlo.

Bolelele ba bolelele ba motho ea holileng tsebong bo ka ba limithara tse 1, boima bo ka ba lik'hilograma tse 20. Ho na le mefuta e menyenyane, e sa feteng 0,6 m ka bolelele le boima bo sa feteng 10 kg. Ho na le litlhapi tse kholo ka ho khetheha: bolelele ba mithara le halofo, tse seng li holile ho fihlela boima ba lik'hilograma tse 50.

'Mele oa moray e qala ka hlooho e kholo. Nko e telele e arotsoe ka molomo o pharaletseng. Li-canine tse bohale, tse tapered moleng o le mong li tšoaile mehlahare e kaholimo le e tlase. Ho tšoara, ho ts'oara, le ho ntša karolo ea nama ke mosebetsi oa meno a moray.

Ho ntlafatsa lisebelisoa tsa bona tsa maxillofacial, moray eels ba ile ba fumana tšobotsi ea anatomical, eo bo-rasaense ba e bitsang "pharyngognathia". Ena ke mohlahare o mong o fumanehang pharynx. Ha e tšoara phofu, mohlahare oa pharyngeal o ea pele.

Sejana se hapuoe ke meno a mehlahareng eohle ea litlhapi. Ebe pharyngeal moray eel mohlahare mmoho le lehlatsipa, e ea boemong ba eona ba pele. Phofu e ka pharynx, e qala ho sisinyeha ha eona ho ea ho metso. Bo-rasaense ba amahanya ponahalo ea mohlahare oa pharyngeal le ts'ebetso e sa ntlafatsoang ea ho metsa ka moray eels.

Kaholimo ho mohlahare o kaholimo, ka pela nko, ho na le mahlo a manyane. Ba lumella litlhapi ho khetholla pakeng tsa khanya, moriti, lintho tse tsamaeang, empa ha li fane ka setšoantšo se hlakileng sa sebaka se haufi. Ka mantsoe a mang, pono e bapala karolo ea ts'ehetso.

Moray eel o ithuta ka mokhoa oa phofu ka monko. Meno a litlhapi a teng ka pela mahlo, e batla e le qetellong ea sefene. Ho na le masoba a mane, a mabeli a ona ha a bonahale habonolo, a mabeli a tšoailoe ka mofuta oa lipeipi. Limolek'hule tsa monko li fihla liseleng tsa mokelikeli ka linko ka litselana tse kahare. Ho tsoa ho bona, tlhaiso-leseling e ea bokong.

Latsoang lisele tsa receptor ha li fumanoe molomong feela, empa li hasane hohle holim 'a' mele. Mohlomong maikutlo a tatso ka 'mele oohle a thusa li-moray eel tse lulang litsing, mesebetsing, mahaheng a ka tlasa metsi ho utloa le ho utloisisa se etsahalang haufi le eena, le mang kapa le eng.

Hlooho ea moray e sheba hantle 'meleng. Phetoho ena ha e bonahale hakaalo, ho kenyeletsoa ka lebaka la ho ba sieo ha likoahelo tsa gill. Litlhapi tse tloaelehileng, ho fana ka phallo ka har'a li-gill, ho ts'oara metsi ka melomo ea tsona, ho lokolloa ka likoahelo tsa gill. Moray eels o kena le ho tsoa metsing a pompetsoeng ka har'a li-gill ka hanong. Ke ka hona e lulang e bulehile le bona.

Qaleho ea mokokotlo, mokotatsie oa mokotla o tsamaellana le pheletso ea hlooho le phetoho ea 'mele. Qetellong e fihla mohatleng. Mefuta e meng e ea bonahala ebile e fa litlhapi ho tšoana le lente, ho tse ling e hlahisoa hampe, li-moray eel tse joalo ka linoha.

Lephegwana la hlapi ke katološo ya tlhago ya mafelelo a sephaphathi a mmele. Ha e arohane le lesapo la mokokotlo ebile ha e na lobes. Karolo ea eona ho hlophiseng motsamao oa litlhapi e inyenyefalitse; ka hona, fin ke e nyane haholo.

Litlhapi tsa tatellano ea li-eel ha li na mapheoana a pelvic, 'me mefuta e mengata le eona ha e na mapheoana a sefubeng. Ka lebaka leo, sehlopha sa li-eels, lebitso la mahlale la Anguilliformes, le ile la amohela lebitso la bobeli la Apode, le bolelang "ho hloka leoto".

Ka litlhapi tse tloaelehileng, ha 'mele o tsamaea, oa kobama, empa hanyenyane feela. Mekhahlelo o matla ka ho fetisisa o oela mohatleng oa mohatla. Ho li-eel le moray eel, ho kenyelletsa, 'mele o kobeha bolelele bohle ba ona ka molumo o tšoanang.

Ka lebaka la motsamao o sa sisinyeheng, li-moray eel lia sisinyeha ka metsing. Lebelo le phahameng le ke ke la fihlelleha ka tsela ena, empa matla a sebelisoa moruong. Moray o ea ho batla lijo tse kenang ka har'a majoe le likorale. Tikolohong e joalo, ts'ebetso ea lebelo ha e bohlokoa haholo.

Ho tšoana le noha ho tlatsetsoa ke ho hloka sekala. Li-moray eel li koahetsoe ka setlolo se boreleli. 'Mala o fapane haholo. Moray eel setšoantšong hangata e hlaha ka seaparong sa mokete, maoatleng a tropike mebala e fapaneng joalo e ka sebetsa e le ho ikhakanya.

Mefuta

Mofuta oa moray eel ke karolo ea lelapa la Muraenidae, ke hore, moray eels. E na le liphatsa tse ling tse 15 le mefuta e ka bang 200 ea litlhapi. Ke tse 10 feela tse ka nkoang e le moray eel joalo.

  • Muraena appendiculata - O phela metsing a Pacific lebopong la Chile.
  • Muraena argus ke mofuta o atileng haholo. E fumanoe haufi le Galapagos, lebopong la Mexico, Peru.
  • Muraena augusti - e fumanoang Leoatleng la Atlantic, metsing a haufi le Leboea la Afrika le lebopong le ka boroa la Europe. E fapana ka mmala o ikhethileng: matheba a sa tloaelehang a leseli mokokotlong o motsho-pherese.
  • Muraena clepsydra - sebaka sena se koahela metsi a lebopong la Mexico, Panama, Costa Rica, Colombia.
  • Muraena helena - Ntle le Leoatle la Mediterranean, e fumaneha ka bochabela ho Atlantic. Tse tsejoang ka mabitso: Mediterranean, European moray eels. Ka lebaka la bokalo ba eona, e tsebahala haholo ho scuba divers le ichthyologists.
  • Muraena lentiginosa - ntle le sebaka sa eona sa tlhaho, karolong e ka bochabela ea Leoatle la Pacific, e hlaha matlong a leoatle, ka lebaka la bolelele ba eona bo sa lekanyetsoang le 'mala o tsotehang.
  • Muraena melanotis - sena moray eel Atlantic e chesang e mongobo, likarolong tse ka bophirimela le ka bochabela ho eona.
  • Muraena pavonina - ea tsejoang e le moray eel ea mahlo. Sebaka sa eona ke metsi a futhumetseng a Atlantic.
  • Muraena retifera ke net moray eel. E ne e le mofuteng ona moo mohlahare oa pharyngeal o fumanoeng.
  • Muraena robusta - o lula Atlantic, hangata a fumanehang libakeng tse ka bochabela tsa equatorial ea leoatle.

Ha re hlalosa mefuta ea li-moray eel, hangata re bua ka moray eel e kholo. Litlhapi tsena ke tsa mofuta oa Gymnothorax, lebitso la sistimi: Gymnothorax. Ho na le mefuta e 120 sehlopheng sena. Kaofela ha tsona li tšoana haholo le litlhapi tsa mofuta oa moray eel, lebitso la saense la mofuta ona ke Muraena. Ha ho makatse hore ebe moray eels le hymnothorax ke tsa lelapa le le leng. Bongata ba hymnothorax bo na le lentsoe "moray" ka mabitso a bona a tloaelehileng. Mohlala: tala, turkey, metsi a hloekileng le li-giant moray eels.

Moray eel e tuma haholo ka lebaka la boholo ba eona le bokhopo. Litlhapi tsena li na le lebitso le bonts'ang mofuta ona hantle - Javanese Gymnothorax, ka Selatine: Gymnothorax javanicus.

Ntle le Gymnothorax, ho na le mofuta o mong o atisang ho boleloa ha ho hlalosoa moray eels - tsena ke li-megader. Ka ntle, ha li fapane haholo le li-moray eel tsa 'nete. Karolo ea mantlha ke meno a matla ao ka ona echidna moray e kenyang likhetla tsa mollusk, lijo tsa bona tsa mantlha. Lebitso megadera le na le mantsoe a tšoanang le a mang: echidna le echidna moray eels. Mofuta ona ha o ngata: mefuta e 11 feela.

  • Echidna amblyodon - o lula sebakeng sa lihlekehleke tsa Indonesia. Ho latela sebaka sa eona sa bolulo, e ile ea reha Sulawesian moray eel.
  • Echidna catenata ke ketane ea moray eel. E fumaneha metsing a lebopong, a kantle ho leoatle a Atlantic bophirima. E tsebahala ka li-aquarists.
  • Echidna delicatula. Lebitso le leng la tlhapi ena ke echidna moray eel e khahlehang. E lula mepopotlong ea likorale haufi le Sri Lanka, Samoa le lihlekehleke tse ka boroa tsa Japane.
  • Echidna leucotaenia ke moray eel e sefahleho se tšoeu. O lula metsing a sa tebang ho tsoa lihlekehlekeng tsa Line, Tuamotu, Johnston.
  • Echidna nebulosa. Sebaka sa eona ke Micronesia, lebopo le ka bochabela la Afrika, Hawaii. Litlhapi tsena li ka bonoa libakeng tsa metsing. Mabitso a tloaelehileng ke morayi oa lehloa, naleli kapa naleli ea naleli.
  • Echidna nocturna - litlhapi li khethile Kou ea California, metsi a lebopong la Peru, Galapagos bakeng sa boteng ba tsona.
  • Echidna peli - e tsejoang e le lejoana le chitja la moray eel. O phela ka bochabela ho Atlantic.
  • Echidna polyzona - e meroho kapa lengau la moray eel, zebra eel. Mabitso ohle a amoheloa ka 'mala o ikhethang. Sebaka sa eona ke Leoatle le Lefubelu, lihlekehleke tse pakeng tsa Afrika Bochabela le Great Barrier Reef, Hawaii.
  • Echidna rhodochilus - E tsejoa e le 'mala o mosoeu o pinki. O lula haufi le India le Philippines.
  • Echidna unicolor ke moray eel e monochromatic, e fumanoang har'a mafika a likorale a Pacific.
  • Echidna xanthospilos - e tseba metsi a lebopong la lihlekehleke tsa Indonesia le Papua New Guinea.

Mokhoa oa bophelo le tikoloho

Boholo ba li-moray eel bo lula metsing a letsoai. Moray oa leoatle e lebisa boteng bo haufi le tlase. Motšehare, e sebakeng sa bolulo - likorale kapa lejoe, sekhahla, mokoti. Mmele ohle o patiloe, hlooho e pepesitsoe ka ntle ka molomo o butsoeng.

Moray eel o lula a sisinya hlooho a le sefofaneng se rapameng. Ena ke tsela eo mesebetsi e 'meli e phethahalang ka eona: kakaretso ea ponahalo ea tikoloho e potileng e etsahala mme phallo ea metsi e sa khaotseng ka molomo e fanoa. Li-moray eel li tsejoa hore ha li na likoahelo tsa gill. Metsi a tla likhohlong 'me a tsoa ka molomo.

Li-moray eel ke litlhapi tse sa tebang tsa metsi. Botebo bo boholo boo tlhapi ena e ka fumanoang ho bona ha e fete limithara tse 50. Ho se ikemisetse ho teba ho ka etsahala ho bakoa ke lerato la mofuthu. Mocheso oa metsi o ratoang ke 22 - 27 ° C. Lihlekehleke, mafika, libaka tse majoe tse sa tebang maoatleng a tropike le a mongobo - e leng karolo ea moray eel.

Likahare tsa moray eels ka aquarium

Li-aquarist tsa pele ho boloka moray eel e ne e le Baroma ba khale. Ka matamong a majoe - li-vivariums - ba ile ba lokolla moray eels. Re ile ra ba fepa. Re bile le monyetla oa ho latsoa bocha nama ea moray... Bo-rahistori ha ba qhelele ka thoko makhoba a neng a sa etse mosebetsi hantle kapa a neng a sa hlomphe mong'a ona a fuoa li-moray eel hore li li je.

Li-aquarists tsa kajeno li boloka li-moray eel feela molemong oa mekhabiso le litšoantšo. Li-moray eel, pele ho tsohle, li hoheloa ke ponahalo e sa tloaelehang le kotsi, hangata e iqapetsoeng, e tsoang ho moray eel. Ho phaella moo, li-moray eel li hanyetsana le maloetse, lijong tse sa hlompheheng.

Mefuta e tloahelehileng ka ho fetisisa ea aquarium ke echidna star moray eel, lebitso la mahlale: Echidna nebulosa, le moray eel e nang le khauta e khauta, ho seng joalo khauta e mohatla oa khauta kapa Gymnothorax miliaris. Mefuta e meng le eona ea fumaneha, empa theko ea tsona e phahame ka lebaka la bongata ba tsona bo tlase.

Mefuta e meng ea moray eel e nkoa e le metsi a hloekileng. Empa hona ho khetholla ho tenyetseha ha litlhapi metsing a letsoai le fapaneng. Moray eels o ikutloa a phutholohile haholo libakeng tsa metsing tse hlahisang sepakapaka sa sebaka sa mafika.

Phepo e nepahetseng

Phoofolo e jang nama e sebelisa feela lijo tsa protheine. Mefuta e fapaneng ea li-moray eel e shebane le mofuta o itseng oa phofu. Boholo bo khetha bophelo bo sa sebetseng ba leoatleng. Tsena li kenyelletsa:

  • litlhapi tse metsitsoeng ka ho feletseng;
  • li-octopus, moray eel li jeoa ka likarolo, li ntša likotoana tsa nama;
  • cuttlefish, moray eel li ba tšoara ka sehlōhō joalo ka li-octopus.

Mefuta e fokolang ea li-moray eel ke li-durophages, ke hore, liphoofolo tse jang tse phelang tse kentsoeng ka har'a khetla. Mefuta e joalo ea moray eels e hlasela makhala, li-shrimps le li-molluscs.

Ho hlahisa le nako ea bophelo

Ha li le lilemo li ka bang tharo, moray eel li qala ho hlokomela bana ba tsona. Ho lumeloa hore li-moray eel li na le litho tsa botona le botšehali. Leha ho le joalo, ts'ebetso ea ho ikatisa e kopane: li-moray eel tse peli lia hokahana. Khokahano e joalo e etsahala tlhorong ea lehlabula, ha metsi a futhumala ho fihlela holimo.

E 'ngoe ea li-moray eel e hlahisa caviar, e' ngoe e hlahisa lebese. Lintho tsena ka bobeli li lokolloa ka bolokolohi ka metsing, li kopane ka har'a eona, 'me boholo ba mahe bo emolisoa. Ka mantsoe a mang, ts'ebetso ea ho pepa e pelagic - kahare ho metsi.

Ho feta moo, mahe a tloheloa a le mong. Kamora libeke tse 1-2, li-larvae lia hlaha. Pele li chesa, li-moray tse nyane li ea thella, li hoholeha nako e telele holim'a metsi. Nakong ena ea bophelo ba bona, li-larvae li ja li-detritus tse emisitsoeng ka metsing - likarolo tse nyane haholo tsa tlhaho ea tlhaho.

Ha li ntse li hola, liboko li ea plankton. Ho feta moo, boholo ba lijo boa eketseha. Li-young moray eel li qala ho batla setšabelo, li ea mokhoeng oa bophelo oa tlhapi e jang liphoofolo tse ling. Moray eels o qeta lilemo tse 10 tsa bophelo ba bona a lekantsoe ke tlhaho ka tlung ea bona, a ea ho tsoma le ho tsoala.

Ts'ebetso ea ho ikatisa ha moray eel ha e utloisisoe hantle. Ka hona, ho bohlokoa haholo ho fumana liboko tsa moray eel tikolohong ea maiketsetso. Ka lekhetlo la pele ka aquarium ho ne ho khonahala ho fumana bana ba moray eels ka 2014. Sena se etsahetse Austria, Zoo ea Schönbrunn. Sena se thehile maikutlo lefats'eng la ichthyological.

Theko

Moray eels e ka rekisoa ka merero e 'meli: joalo ka lijo le joalo ka tlhapi ea mekhabiso - moahi oa aquarium. Mabenkeleng a litlhapi tse ruuoang, moray eel ha e rekisoe e sa tsoa khuoa, e hoamisitsoe kapa e tsuba. Linaheng tsa Mediterranean le Asia Boroa, moray eel li fumaneha habonolo e le lijo.

Hangata bo-ralitaba ba Russia ha ba je li-moray eel, empa ba li boloka libakeng tsa metsing. Mefuta e meng, mohlala, tile ea Gymnothorax, e ka phela metsing a hloekileng nako e telele. Ke ntho ea tlhaho hore moray eel e be teng ka metsing a leoatle.

Mefuta e tsebahalang haholo ke echidna star moray eel. Theko ea eona e 2300-2500 li-ruble. kopi e le ngoe. Bakeng sa lengau moray echidna ba kopa li-ruble tse 6500-7000. Hape ho na le mefuta e turang haholo. Litsenyehelo li bohlokoa ho bona sengoathoana sa leoatle la tropike lapeng.

Pele o buisana le moray eels, hangata ho hlaha potso: moray eel e chefo kapa che... Ha ho tluoa ho loma, karabo ke che. Ha u phehela moray eels bakeng sa lijo, ho molemo ho tseba tšimoloho ea eona.

Li-moray tsa khale tse lulang libakeng tsa tropike hangata li fepa litlhapi tse chefo, li bokella chefo ea tsona sebeteng le lithong tse ling. Ka hona, li-moray eel tsa Mediterranean li ka jeoa ka polokeho, ho molemo ho hana litlhapi tse tšoasoang Caribbean.

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