Monna o thapisitse lipere. Ka lebaka la khetho, mefuta e mengata e hlahile. Mebala ea boea e tloha bosoeu ho ea ho botsho. Moriri oa pere o hlaha ka 'mala o mofubelu, o sootho le o mosehla,' me meralo e fapaneng e khabisa 'mele. Lipere li phunyeletsa 'me li koahetsoe ke mabala a tiileng. Boholo ba phoofolo bo ipapisitse le mofuta, bo fapana ho tloha ho 227 ho isa ho 900 kg ka boima, bolelele ho tloha ho 220 ho isa ho 280 cm le ho tloha ho 0.9 ho isa ho 1.7 metres ka bolelele.
Tlhaloso ea pere
Pere e na le litlhako tse motopo, mohatla o molelele, moriri o mokhutšoane oa 'mele, maoto a malelele a masesaane,' mele o mesifa le o matla, molala o molelele o molelele le hlooho e kholo e bolelele. Mane ke sebaka sa moriri o mosesane o atolohelang lehlakoreng la molala oa molala ka mefuta ea lapeng le ea naha. Lipere li fula joang. Ho hlafuna limela, li na le molars o rarahaneng le o lulang o hola melomong ea tsona. Seaparo se teteaneng sa mariha se qala ka Loetse-Mphalane, se holile ka botlalo ka Tshitwe. Boea ba mariha bo qala ho tšoloha nakong ea selemo, 'me hlabula seaparo se boreleli ebile se tšesaane se koahela' mele.
Likarolo tse ling tsa 'mele:
- mali a futhumetseng;
- mahlakore a mabeli a 'mele;
- bong ka bobeli lia tšoana.
Mefuta ea lipere
Pere e hlaha (Equus ferus), pere ea aka Przewalski
Pere ea Przewalski
E nyane ho feta lipere tse ngata tsa malapeng. Molala o motenya, o mokgutshwane le maoto le matsoho a makgutshwane. Iris hangata e sootho, empa ho batho ba bang e putsoa. Mane le mohatla, ho fapana le lipere tsa lapeng, selemo le selemo. Mane e sootho bo sootho ho ea botšo 'me e eme e otlolohile ntle le ho thunya. Lipere tsa malapeng li na le li-manes tse telele tse phallang. Mohatla o moriri o mokgutshwane, moriri butle-butle o lelefatsa mahlakoreng. Lipere tsa malapeng li na le boea bo bolelele ba mohatla hohle mohatleng. Thibelo e khutsuane ebile e phahame, e bobebe, hangata e tšoeu, mathoko a linko a lefifi, bohale ba mohlahare bo ka tlase bo otlolohile. Letlalo ke la mebala e mmedi: e kganyang e bosehla bo bokgubedu bo sootho le boputswa bo boserolwana. Hlooho le molala li lefifi ho feta 'mele. Mmele o ka tlase o bobebe ho feta mahlakore. 3-10 metopa e mesesaane e lefifi maotong. Khoele e lefifi ea mokokotlo ("eel") e matha ho tloha mane ho ea mohatleng.
Pere ea lapeng (Equus ferus caballus)
Pere e ruuoang lapeng
E na le molala o molelele le maoto, litlhako tse thata. Ho theosa le lilemo tsa ho ikatisa, batho ba hlahisitse mebala e mengata e fapaneng ea moriri le boea, mekhoa ea 'mala. Mebala e meng e tloaelehileng ke ea bohlooho, bosootho bo lefifi bo bofubelu, le bosootho bo bobebe. Mefuta e fapaneng e fapana haholo ka boholo.
Pere ea tlhaho (Equus caballus)
Pere e hlaha
Morphologically e ts'oanang le pere ea lapeng. Ka karolelano bophahamo ba limithara tse 1-1.6 m lehetleng le boima ba lik'hilograma tse 350-450. Ponahalo e akaretsang ea fapana, 'mala oa seaparo ho tloha ho o motšo, o sootho le o mosoeu ho ea ho o mosoeu o nang le matheba a lamunu kapa a sootho. Kobo ena e khutšoane ebile e tšesaane, mohatla o batla o le mokhutšoane, phatleng (ka pele) le molaleng (mane). Karolelano ea bophelo ba E. caballus ke lilemo tse 25-30.
Mongolo oa Kiang (Equus kiang)
Kiang
Seaparo sa kiang se bofubelu hlabula ebile se sootho mariha, likarolo tse tlase tsa 'mele li tšoeu, ha li fetohe ho latela nako. Kiang e bolelele ba lisenthimithara tse 140 mme e boima ba lipakeng tsa 250 le 440 kg.
Kulan (Equus hemionus)
Kulan
Ha e bapisoa le mefuta e meng ea lipere, e na le maoto a makhuts'oane. 'Mele oa' mele oa fapana ho ea ka sehla, bosootho bo bofubelu lehlabula, bosootho bo bosehla mariha. Li na le mola o motšo o moeling oa bosoeu o mathang bohareng ba mokokotlo. Mane e otlolohileng e lefifi. Mpa le sefuba li tšoeu, 'me ka lehetla le ka pele ho sacrum ho ngotsoe matšoao a masoeu. Molaleng o na le sebaka se sesoeu ho potoloha linko, molomo o moputsoa.
Faroe pere ea pere
Pere ea Faroese
E fumanoa Lihlekehlekeng tsa Faroe ka Leboea la Atlantic. Ena ke e 'ngoe ea mefuta ea khale ka ho fetisisa ea lipere, e sa tloaelehang haholo, e batlang e timetse.
Mustang
Lipere tsena ke litloholo tsa mofuta oa Spain o bitsoang lipere tsa Iberia, lithekheniki tsa litheknoloji ke lipere tsa naheng, eseng lipere tse hlaha.
Mefuta ea lipere
Lipere li bontša mebala e fapaneng mme li hlaha ka mefuta e fapaneng. Ho na le mefuta e fetang 350 ea lipere le lipone. Li arotsoe ka lihlopha tse latelang:
- Lipere tse bobebe tse nang le masapo le maoto a masesaane le boima bo ka tlase ho 590 kg, joalo ka Thoroughbred, High Pedigree, Morgan le lipere tsa Arabia.
- Lipere tse boima kapa tse boima tse boima ba lik'hilograma tse fetang 600. Tsena ke mefuta e matla e nang le masapo a maholo le maoto a matla, mohlala, Persheronskie, Brabancon, teraka e boima ea Russia (Bityug).
Mefuta ea sejoale-joale ea lipere e ruiloe e le hore liphoofolo li lumellane le sebopeho le ts'ebetso, ke hore, li na le litšobotsi tse itseng tsa 'mele tse hlokahalang ho etsa mofuta o itseng oa mosebetsi. Lipere tse bobebe, tse tsoetseng pele joalo ka lipere tsa Arabia kapa Akhal-Teke li ile tsa holisoa maemong a leholimo a omileng bakeng sa lebelo le mamello e kholo libakeng tse telele. Pere e boima, e kang ea Belgian, e ile ea aroloa ho hula mohoma le ho etsa mosebetsi o mong polasing.
Lipone tsa mefuta eohle li tsoaloa ke batho e le hore li ka thabisa bana le ho sebetsa libakeng tse kang merafong kapa moo ho se nang lijo tse lekaneng ho boloka liphoofolo tse kholo.
Pakeng tsa maemo ana a feteletseng, lipere li ile tsa tsoalloa ho etsa mesebetsi e latelang:
- huloa ka likariki kapa likariki;
- li-knights tse apereng lihlomo tse boima;
- kenya letsoho merabeng;
- e etsoa liserekising;
- e sebedisoang ho fula diphoofolo tse ding;
- tsamaisa thepa e boima.
Lipere li bontša lebelo la mane le bitsoang gaits. Ke:
- prancing butle;
- trot (ka lebelo hanyane ho feta prancing);
- bonolo gallop (ka potlako ho feta trot);
- gallop (pere e lebelo ka ho fetisisa).
Ho matha ka pere
Lipere tse mebala e fapaneng ea baki li na le mabitso a fapaneng. Mebala e meng ea mantlha ke:
- bay - ho tloha bosootho bo bofubelu bo bofubelu ho ea sootho e lefifi ka mane e ntšo, mohatla le mahlaseli
- khubelu - ho tloha apricot ho lefifi chestnut mmala ntle batsho;
- moriri o moputsoa - o motsho, empa o kopane moriri o mosoeu le o motsho;
- e ntšo - e ntšo ka ho felletseng;
- sootho - mefuta e fapaneng ea bofubelu ka moriri o mofubelu;
- e bapalang - boea bo bosehla bo sootho;
- Bulanaya - 'mala o bobebe oa khauta;
- piebald - pere e mebala-bala e nang le matheba a bofubelu, bosootho, bosoeu le / kapa botšo.
Pere e ntšo
Bahlahisi ba lipere ba bua ka lihlopha life?
Lebitso la pere ho latela hore na ke e tona kapa e tšehali, le hore na motho o lilemo li kae.
- petsana - pere e ka tlase ho selemo;
- selemo se le seng - mohlala o monyane o tsoang ho selemo ho isa ho tse peli;
- stallion - e tona e ka tlase ho lilemo tse 'ne;
- mare - pere e tšehali ho fihlela lilemo tse 'ne;
- motona e motona - e motona ho feta lilemo tse 'ne eo e seng sethunya;
- gelding - monna ea khaotsoeng;
- mare - e tšehali e fetang lilemo tse 'ne.
Lipere li lula kae
Baholo-holo ba lipere ba ne ba lula Afrika Leboea, ho pholletsa le naha ea Europe le Asia. Nakong ya Late Ice Age, ba ne ba phela ho pholletsa le Amerika Leboya, empa ba timela dilemong tse ka bang 8 000 - 10,000 tse fetileng. Hona joale lipere tsa lapeng li lula pela batho.
Lipere li hloka bolulo ba mofuta ofe
Lipere li ikamahanya le libaka tse fapaneng nakong ea ho ruuoa malapeng. Libaka tse ratoang ke libaka tse pholileng, tse mongobo, masabasaba le masabasaba, empa liphoofolo le tsona li lula mahoatateng, hara mekhoabo le meru.
Kamoo lipere li tsoalang kateng
Tse tona di fula pela tse tshehadi ka nako ya ho tlolelana ha tsona, di sireletsa malinyane ho tse tona tse lekang ho kopana le tse tshehadi mohlapeng. Tse tona di lwana ka ho raha le ditlhako.
Ho kopanya
Lipere lia ikatisa nakong ea likhoeli tse futhumetseng tsa lehlabula. Bokhachane bo nka matsatsi a 287 ho isa ho 419, ho bolelang hore ho beleha ho etsahala nakong ea selemo kapa nakong ea selemo se tlang. Hangata ho tsoaloa petsana e le 'ngoe, mafahla ha a fumanehe hangata.
Tsoalo e etsahala bosiu le sebakeng se khutsitseng. Bakoetsana ba bonahala ba holile. Li tsoha nakong ea hora kamora 'tsoalo' me li eme ka maoto kamora lihora tse 'ne ho isa ho tse hlano, li latela' m'a tsona. Khoeling ea pele, ledinyane le lula le 'm'a lona. Khoeling ea bobeli o fumana lijo ka boikemelo mme ts'ebetso ea ho khoesa lesea e qala, e nkang lilemo tse 2 ho lipetsana tse hlaha. Lipere tse ruuoang malapeng, lipetsana li khoesoa ho bo-'m'a tsona li le lilemo li 4 ho isa ho tse 6.
Maoatla a itsamaela kapele kamora ho hlaha, empa a hloka thuso. Bacha ba tšepile bo-'m'a bona le mehlape ea bona ho itšireletsa ho liphoofolo tse li jang le ho fumana lijo ho fihlela ba qala ho iphepa. Liphuputso li bonts'a hore lipere tse hlaha li tlohela mohlape oo li tsoaletsoeng ho ona ha li le lilemo li peli ho isa ho tse tharo.
Lipere li phela halelele hakae
Nako ea bophelo e latela lintlha tse 'maloa, ho kenyeletsoa mefuta le tikoloho. E le molao, lipere tsa malapeng li phela ho tloha ho lilemo tse 25 ho isa ho tse 30, rekoto e phahameng ke lilemo tse 61. Pere e phetseng nako e telele ka ho fetisisa tlholehong e ngolisitsoe ke bo-ramahlale ba liphoofolo ka 1974, e ne e le lilemo tse 36. Lintho tse amang tebello ea bophelo li kenyelletsa:
- phepo e nepahetseng;
- mofuta oa ts'ebetso eo phoofolo e sebelisetsoang eona;
- palo ea lipotoloho tsa ho ikatisa;
- boemo ba ho ba le bana;
- maloetse a fetileng;
- bophelo bo botle ba meno;
- boitlhakiso ba mmele.
Kamoo mehlape e itšoarang kateng
Lipere ke liphoofolo tse anyesang. Libakeng tse hlaha kapa tse hlaha, li etsa mehlape e nang le sehlopha se phahameng sechabeng. Mohlape ona o kenyelletsa lipere tse fihlang ho 26, li-stallion tse 5 le tse nyane tsa lilemo tse fapaneng. Mehlape ea lipere e na le taolo e sebetsang hantle sechabeng, e laoloang ke banna ba alpha. Li sireletsa sehlopha ho liphoofolo tse li hlaselang le ho tse tona tse hlōlisanang hangata.
Lipere lia sebetsa ka linako tse fapaneng tsa letsatsi, ho latela nako. Ha ho chesa, li fula hoseng kapa mantsiboea, li qoba mocheso o phahameng motšehare. Lipere li robala ka likarolo motšehare, boroko ha bo tšoare lihora tse fetang 2. Liphoofolo ha li robale fatše nako e fetang hora 'me li robala li eme.
Mohlape oa lipere
Mokhoa oo ba buisanang ka oona
Ka lipere, linko le marama li na le mesifa e sebelisetsoang ho utloa tikoloho ka ho e ama. Pono ke sesebelisoa sa mantlha sa ho fumana tlhaiso-leseling. Litsebe li telele ebile li otlolohile, tse khothalletsang temoho ea kutlo. Le ha kutlo ea ho fofonela e le ea bohlokoa, ha se setho sa mantlha mme e bapala karolo e nyane ho feta pono kapa li-receptor tsa kutlo linkong kapa marameng.
Lipere lia buisana ka lipontšo le boitšisinyo. Litho tsa mohlape lia tšeha, lia loma, lia sutumetsana le ho raha e mong ho theha kapa ho matlafatsa sebopeho sa tatellano, ho bonts'a borena.
Lipere li na le boitšisinyo bo fapaneng. Liketso tse ntle li kenyelletsa ho phahamisa molomo, o pepesang meno a kaholimo, a ts'oanang le pososelo, ho sotha hlooho, kapa ho supa litsebe pele le holimo. Boitšisinyo ba sefahleho bo mabifi bo kenyelletsa litsebe tse huliloeng le meno a pepesitsoeng ka linko tse koetsoeng.
Ke lipere life tse jang
Lipere ke liphoofolo tse jang liphoofolo tse jang joang le limela tse ling. Lijo tsa maiketsetso tsa lipere li tlatsetsoa ka lithollo tse kang habore, folaxe le harese. Ntle le joang le makhasi, lipere li boetse li ja patsi, makhapetla, kutu, lipeo, lithollo le linate.
Ea hlaselang lipere le maqheka a tsona a ho phela ka tlhaho
Libatana tse tsomang lipere tse hlaha: liphiri, liphokojoe le litau. Dibatana di hlasela diphoofolo tse hodileng, tse kulang kapa tse nyane. Ha mohlape o sokeloa ke sebatana, e tona e tona e o hlasela, e loma le ho raha ka litlhako tsa eona. Basali ba sireletsa masea ka tsela e ts'oanang. Batho ke libatana, ba tsoma lipere, nalaneng le kajeno.
Lipere li bapala karolo efe tikolohong le tikolohong
Ho thapisa lipere:
- tlatselitse kholisong ea mekhatlo ea temo;
- o fetotse tsela ea maeto;
- e susumelitse kamano lipakeng tsa lihlopha tse fapaneng tsa baahi.
Joaloka liphoofolo tse fulang, lipere li susumetsa mefuta-futa le sebopeho sa tikoloho le tikoloho ea tsona. Libakeng tse ling, lipere li hasanya peo ea limela.
Kamoo lipere li sebelisanang le batho kateng
Lipere li bohlokoa moruong ho batho hona joale le nalane. Li ne li sebelisoa e le mohloli oa lijo, li tsamaisa batho le thepa, li kentse letsoho liphutuhong tsa sesole, lipapaling le boithabisong, nts'etsopele ea temo. Lipere ke liphoofolo tse ruuoang lapeng 'me li sebelisoa kalafong le ntlafatsong ea batho ba kulang.
Temong, lipere li kotula lijalo, masimo a lemiloeng le lirapa tsa lifate tsa litholoana, 'me moiteli ke moiteli oa bohlokoa. Horsehair e sebelisoa lihlahisoa tse fapaneng.
Na lipere li kotsing?
Ho na le lipere tse ngata tse ruuoang malapeng libakeng tse fapaneng tsa lefats'e. Beng ka bona ba haufi-ufi, lipere tse hlaha tsa Przewalski, ba ne ba thathamisitsoe e le "kotsing" ho Red Book.
